University Speak

Student Learning Skills Handout www.ballarat.edu.au/learningskills

Linking words and phrases

Contrasting ideas
However Nevertheless Even though By comparison On the other hand In contrast to this Whereas While Smith (1999) claims this, studies by Jones (2001) show that Unlike ., Green (2005) stresses that

Introducing examples
For instance In particular In this case Especially significant is As an example In order to argue this For example Specifically By way of illustration In other words

Comparing ideas
Similarly More generally Likewise Just as Smith (2001) claims so too does Jones (2004), who Equally In the same way

Cause and effect

As a result Thus Consequently Therefore An effect of this is Otherwise Hence Due to this For this reason

Sequencing ideas
At first / Firstly / First of all / Initially / To begin with Following this / Prior to this Since Before continuing Subsequently Lastly / Finally As a conclusion / In summary / In conclusion Simultaneously

It statements
It might be thought that It could be perceived that It is often argued that It is interesting to note that It would seem that It tends to be the case that It could be concluded that

Adding an idea
Moreover / Furthermore Another reason / example / aspect So Indeed In addition / Additionally Relating to this is
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University Speak: Handout

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University Speak
Student Learning Skills Handout www.ballarat.edu.au/learningskills

Sentence beginners
(to help writers block) Some additional points need to be considered...this approach raises some important questions... It might seem as if The main concern of this assignment is... Some writers have suggested Various people have emphasised Numerous studies ( ) have been conducted... Most of the evidence indicates It must be acknowledged that In the main, the findings discussed suggest that... This is clearly at odds with Further support can be found in the work of A recurring theme in the report is... These authors implied that... On the issue of Writing in the Australian content... There is consistent evidence that In line with predictions It is worth noting that Contrary to expectations On the basis of the first experiment... On the basis of the responses, it is possible to infer that... Insufficient information exists about With the exception of ( ), there has been little published work aimed at Future research might profit from By logical extension, it can be argued that Somewhat similar inferences can be drawn from Researchers have employed different methods, thus it is not surprising that results have tended to be equivocal Research has yielded some interesting, albeit seemingly contradictory, results These findings are particularly intriguing given the extensive literature on
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How to include other writers work

To quote Green, (1994, p.16). In the words of Brown, (2000, p. 19). It is Blacks contention that Smith (2002) supports the idea that Jones (1996) sums up the view that Thomas Green (1998) speaks of Hathaway (2001) finds that Many of the writers on this subject find that (Baird, 1998; Smith & Wright, 2001). Waugh (2002) writes that One authors findings are particularly interesting. Black (2003) discovered While Smith (1989) addresses the question of .., Jones (1996) emphasises a different point in the debate:. Greens statement highlights the need for In order to thoroughly understand the issue, it is useful to examine the findings of Alexander Brown (2000). While not stating it overtly, Jones (1998) implies that Smiths remarks illustrate Joness observations underline the need for Blacks claims are well-substantiated. Many experts echo the notion that (Ford, 1998; Kristic & Miles, 2000; Wales, 2002). Margaret Green (2001) subscribes to the theory that Brown and Smith (1998) are likeminded in their approach to To encapsulate the findings of Arnold Finklestein (2003), Grays essay challenges Foucaults contention that Bronway holds the opposite view stating that, (quote) (2001, p.22). Blathe, in his article titled My Article, writes, (quote) (1999, p. 19). It appears true that, in Smythes words, (quote) (2003, p.32).

CRICOS Provider No. 00103D

University Speak: Handout

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