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Mark Scheme (Results) January 2007

GCE

GCE O Level Chemistry (7081/02)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH

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SECTION A 1. (a) brown precipitate ( any shade of brown) iron(III) hydroxide / ferric hydroxide FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl Fe (OH)3 Or Fe3+ + 3OHblue precipitate copper(II) hydroxide deep blue solution [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ (green solid) turns black copper(II) oxide CuCO3 CuO + CO2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Total 10 marks 2. (a) (i) (ii) correct bond pairs shown other electrons correct (dependent on the first mark) correct 3-D shape (independent) correct bond pairs shown other electrons correct (dependent on the first mark) correct shape (independent) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)

(b)

(c)

(b)

(i) Proton (ii) Neutron (iii) number of outer electrons equals group number (also allow number of electron shells equals period number) Example relating to group or period as appropriate

Total 10 marks 3. (a) (b) (c) (i) (ii) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Mr of A is 86 Heat (catalyst of) concentrated sulphuric acid A and B turns limewater Milky A and C double bond or C=C (not saturated) addition reaction CH3CH=CHCOOH + Br2 CH3CHBrCHBrCOOH Or CH3CH=CHCH2OH + Br2 CH3CHBrCHBrCH2OH (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Total 10 marks

(d)

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4.

(a)

add bromine water to (aqueous) NaCl no reaction / solution is yellow (or orange) bromine cannot displace chlorine / bromine is less reactive bromine water + (aqueous) NaI red-brown solution / black precipitate iodine displaced / formed bromine more reactive than iodine Br2 + 2KI 2KBr + I2 NaCl(aq) white precipitate NaI(aq) yellow precipitate

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Total 10 marks

(b)

5.

(a)

(i) (ii)

decrease in number of moles / volume when methanol formed disadvantage: more expensive (plant) / increased maintenance costs / not explosions

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1)

(b)

(i) exothermic / heat energy evolved (ii) low temp. is better since reaction is exothermic (iii) (4000C used because) reaction is slow at low temp/ to increase rate Mark dependent on correct answer to (ii) acts as a catalyst speeds up the reaction / increases rate of reaction 28 g of CO 32 g methanol (correct molecular masses) 1:1 ratio recognised / mole calculation 16 kg

(c) (d)

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1)

Total 10 marks SECTION A TOTAL: 50 MARKS

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SECTION B 6. (a) (i) Mix NaOH + HNO3 / sodium hydroxide + nitric acid named indicator with colour change / pH meter shows 7 method used that avoids contamination by indicator Heat to reduce volume of solvent Leave to cool NaOH + HNO3 NaNO3 + H2O (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (6) (ii) iron + chlorine chlorine is dry chlorine is passed over heated iron FeCl3 sublimes suitable apparatus including collection vessel Equation (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (6) (iii) copper(II) oxide + dilute sulphuric acid / CuO + H2SO4 add excess copper oxide and filter Heat Heat to reduce volume of solvent Leave to cool CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (6) (b) (i) Mr(MgSO4.H2O) = 138 24/138 x 100 % Mg = 17.4 (If Mr taken as 122 ecf answer is 19.67 %) (1) (1) (1) (3) (ii) dissolve in water add BaCl2 (solution)/ Ba(NO3) (solution) Add hydrochloric acid / nitric acid white ppt. / white solid (If H2SO4 used to acidify, allow first mark only) (1) (1) (1) (1) (4) Total 25 marks

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7.

(a)

similarities: fizz/bubble/effervescence/vigorous reaction move on surface melt any three eventually dissolve If indicator added form alkaline solutions difference: potassium ignites but sodium does not equation: formulae balance both have 1 electron in outer shell / Na = 2,8,1 & K = 2,8,8,1 reactivity increases down group atoms get bigger / more electron shells / outer electron further from nucleus outer electron less attracted / lost more easily

(3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (10)

(b)

(i) (ii)

no reaction rubidium nitrite oxygen 2RbNO3 2RbNO2 + O2

(1) (1) (1) (1) (4)

(c)

(i) (ii)

2Cl- - 2e Cl2 chlorine bleaches litmus 2H+ + 2e H2 H+ discharged leaving OH- (from water) [2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH- can score 1st and 3nd marks] OH- ions turn litmus blue / alkali formed bubbles of gas sodium hydroxide making soap, etc.

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (8)

(iii)

(d)

perform flame test yellow sodium lilac potassium

(1) (1) (1) (3) Total 25 marks

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8.

(a)

fractional distillation vaporise sample Mixture / compounds separate according to their b.pts. low b.pt. compounds collected at top of column first / high b.pt. compounds collected at bottom of column

(1) (1) (1) (1) (4)

(b)

cracking high temperature (accept 400 900 oC) Long molecules / long chain hydrocarbons break down / C-C bonds break small alkanes formed and alkenes unsaturated molecules used for plastics manufacture / formation of petrol or 2 C2H4 + C2H6 C6H14 C2H4 + C4H10

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (7)

(c)

ethene + steam heat / 250-500 0C pressure / 50-100 atm acid catalyst / phosphoric acid (not sulphuric acid) equation using displayed formulae one advantage: continuous, pure product, fast reaction one disadvantage: uses non-renewable starting material

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (7)

(d)

addition polymerisation repeating unit of poly(ethene)

(1) (1) (2)

(e)

(i)

(ii)

moles: C = 38.7/12 H = 9.7 O = 51.6/16 3.225 : 9.7 : 3.225 1 : 3 :1 empirical formula = CH3O Mr = 3.1/0.05 = 62 molecular formula = C2H6O2

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (5) Total 25 marks

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9.

(a)

diamond: each carbon atom has 4 covalent bonds / tetrahedral structure all bonds are strong (covalent) bonds graphite: layer structure weak attractions between layers layers slide over each other

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (5)

(b)

metals have delocalised electrons (not free) electrons flow in solid state, ions are fixed in position (in a lattice) in molten NaCl, ions are mobile ions carry the current

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (5)

(c)

MgO is ionic oppositely charged ions / Mg2+ and O2attract each other strongly (dependent on previous mark) H2O is covalent consists of molecules weak attractions between molecules / weak intermolecular forces (dependent on previous mark) more heat / energy needed to separate ions than molecules

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (7)

(d)

argon has 8 electrons in outer shell / full outer shell / 2,8,8 it cannot gain / lose / share electrons nitrogen has a triple covalent bond (or diagram) this requires high energy to break

(1) (1) (1) (1) (4)

(e)

two isomers different structural formulae / arrangement of atoms / structures isomer 1 displayed / structural formula isomer 2 displayed / structural formula CH2ClCH2Cl CH3CHCl2

(1) (1) (1) (1)

(4) Total 25 marks

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