CHAPTER 14 OUTLINE

I. On the Brink of a New World A. The Motives 1. 1. Fantastic Lands 2. 2. Economic Motives 3. 3. Religious Zeal B. The Means 1. Maps 2. Ships and Sailing

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II. New Horizons: The Portuguese and Spanish Empires A. The Development of a Portuguese Maritime Empire 1. 1. The Portuguese in India 2. 2. In Search of Spices B. Voyages to the New World 1. The Voyages of Columbus 2. New Voyages C. The Spanish Empire in the New World 1. Early Civilizations in Mesoamerica 2. Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire 3. The Inca 4. Spanish Conquest of the Inca Empire 5. Administration of the Spanish Empire

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III. New Rivals On the World Stage A. Africa: The Slave Trade 1. Origins of the Slave Trade 2. Growth in the Slave Trade 3. Effects the Slave Trade B. The West in Southeast Asia C. The French and British in India 1. The Mughal Empire 2. The Impact of the Western Powers D. China 1. The Ming and Qing Dynasties 2. Western Inroads E. Japan 1. Opening to the West F. The Americas 1. West Indies 2. British North America 3. French North America IV. Toward a World Economy A. Economic Conditions in the Sixteenth Century B. The Growth of Commercial Capitalism

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C. Mercantilism D. Overseas Trade and Colonies: Movement Toward Globalization V. The Impact of European Expansion A. The Conquered 1. Catholic Missionaries B. The Conquerors VI. Conclusion

Ch. 14 KEY TERMS Portolani- charts made by mideveal navigators

Audiencias: were both regional tribunals and the name given to the areas of their jurisdictions

Capital:

Henri Cortes: Landed in veracrus on gulf of mexico took over Tenochtitlan

Conquistadors: Spanish men with religious crusades taking over the new world cruelly

Encomienda: system of tributory labor established in Spanish America The system would come to symbolize oppression and exploitation.

Dutch East India Company- was a chartered company established in 1602, when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia. It is often considered to have been the first multinational corporation in the world and it was the first company to issue stock.

Joint-stock company: is a business entity which is owned by shareholders. Each shareholder owns the portion of the company in proportion to his or her ownership of the company's shares (certificates of ownership)

Mercantilism: The economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism Mother Country

Middle passage: the middle leg of the triangular trade route ( Africa to America)

Price revolution: Working rich deposits of silver in Mexico and Peru was the main cause of the increase in silver extraction. The drop in the value of noble metalsespecially silver, which was the chief money metal in the 16th centuryled to a 150300 percent rise in commodity prices

Triangular trade: describes the three sides to the route the slave ships took from Europe to West Africa, then to the Caribbean and the Americas and finally back to Europe; the routes are known as the Outward Passage, the Middle Passage, and the Return or Homeward Passage.

Viceroy: A ruler exercising authority in a colony on behalf of a sovereign Columbian Exchange: was a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), communicable disease, and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian Hemispheres following the voyage to the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492

Text Document Questions:

Background: During the late 14th and early 15th centuries, Portugal and Spain, and later England, France, and the Netherlands, sponsored voyages of exploration. The contact the Europeans made with people in Asia, Africa and the Americans would have a profound impact on all of these culture. A. Document: The Portuguese Conquest of Malacca: What are the two reasons Alburquerque gives for the attack? The two reasons he gives for the attacks are first the great service he is saying will be done and given by taking Muslims out. Also because the muslims make spices and drugs with out them being able to stop them so now they will be able to. B. Document: Columbus Lands in the New World How does Columbus describe the natives? He describes the natives as primitive, explaining them walking around naked and not having any tools for protection etc. What motivated the financing of Columbus voyage? What helped motivate the financing of the voyage was the fact that there was gold discovered in the new world and also that they had new spices and cotton to trade with to make a profit with. C. The Spanish Conquistador: Cortes and the Conquest of Mexico How does Cortes describe Tenochtitlan? He describes it as a great city for trade with many routes to sea and very nature feeling. What were the justifications, religious and non-religious, for his overthrow of Moctezumas empire? The
justifications were that the territory was barbarous and cut off from god, also it needed order and a good government.

D. Document: Las Casas and the Spanish Treatment of the American Natives For what purposes are the Spanish using the native people in this selection? They are using the Natives as an example of why they treat the NA how they do and also why they need to be taken control over. How do the Spanish treat their native workers? The Spanish give the Natives a lot of work to do and not a lot of free time Why is Las Casas particularly horrified by the way some of the natives die? He believes drowning is horrifying because their breast are being constricted and its just a painful death Why might Las Casas have exaggerated his account? Many believe that he may have exaggerated to shock his contemporaries into action E. Document: The Atlantic Slave Trade: What long term political, economic, and social effects did the transatlantic slave trade have on African communities? Long term effects for African americans were that they were looked down upon for several years they didnt really have a voice politically they were poor and no one really wanted to be associated with them. F. Document: West Meets East: An Exchange of Royal Letters What were Frances Louis XIV motives for wanting to increase contact with Vietnams King of Tonkin? What
other motives should be taken into account? His motives were that their presents of bringing the word of god to them would help bring them more peace etc.

What similarities and differences do you notice in the content, tone, and diction of these letters? B.oth letters are very friendly and kind however the one from King of Tonkin is more descriptive while the other one is more explanatory

H. Document: The Mission

What seems to be the focus of this mission in Paraguay? The focus of the Jusuits seem to be to bring a more religious field to Paraguay and to build and help the people of poverty. How do the Jesuits keep the native people happy? The Jesuits keep the native people happy by providing them food clothes and other festivities. Who is the author of this account? Why might this make him more or less believable? The author of this account are two Jesuit priest.

I. Map 14.3: The Columbian Exchange In your opinion, which items from the New World to Europe would have an impact on European society? Why? I think all of the crops sent from America to Europe had a significant impact on Europe because these were all things that no one had seen before and now they had new food and tobacco to use.

Question: What motivated European exploration and in what ways did these voyages affect both the Europeans and the peoples they encountered? I think a lot of things motivated European exploration such as the want to expand in search of more power, and possibly the simpleness of curiousity of what was out there. These voyages not only effected the Europeans by giving them a whole new world of things to explore and see that expanded their whole trading system but also changed the lives of many Natives to the country by having them being conformed into more modern life during the time and having the Europeans greatly influence them.