Unit 4: Activity Sheet 4.4: Energy, Heat and Power

L2 Plumbing Unit 4 Apply scientific principles within mechanical services engineering
Unit 4: Activity Sheet 4.4

Energy, heat and power
Tutor guidance notes
Aims and objectives At the end of activities 4.4A and 4.4B, learners should be able to: show an understanding of temperature explain what is meant by specific heat capacity state what is meant by thermal expansion and contraction describe the main principles of heat transfer.
The activity is divided into two parts: a set of questions (activity 4.4A) followed by a multiple-choice exercise (activity 4.4B). They are not intended as formal assessment. However, the answers should be discussed with learners as a group to ensure they fully understand the topic. The activity can be used in different ways, for example: during the session, either individually or in pairs, as a to-the-point learning tool at the end of a session to recap learning as homework.
Activity 4.4B could be used at the beginning of a subsequent session to link with prior learning. Whichever teaching method is chosen, it is advisable to set and agree a completion date for each activity.
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Unit 4: Activity Sheet 4.4

Activity 4.4A Energy, heat and power
Answer the following questions.
1 Explain the difference between heat and temperature. Temperature is the degree of hotness of a substance. Heat is the amount of heat energy (J) that is contained within a substance. 2 Which units are used for heat and temperature? The degree Kelvin (K) (the SI unit of temperature measurement); the degree Celsius (or centigrade) (C). 3 Define the term specific heat in your own words. Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise a quantity of a substance to a particular temperature. 4 a Practical demonstration: Your tutor will show you some rainwater guttering. Look into the union bracket, running outlet, external stop end, etc. and you will see an insertion mark. What is its purpose? When you put the plastic gutter into the outlet, the insertion mark will allow sufficient space for thermal expansion. b Keep in mind your answer to question 4a. Imagine you have been called to a job where the householder installed their own guttering and rainwater downpipes. The downpipes have pushed the outlet up and broken the nearest fascia clips. On closer inspection, you can see that the householder has glued the downpipe sections and fittings together. Write a simple report to your boss. List what has occurred, why, and what is needed to remedy the problem. Learners own answer. Should include: expansion not allowed for and had pushed the outlet up and out of the clips. 5 a The downpipe in question 4a is 8 m in height. The temperature difference between now and when the guttering and downpipe were put up is 21 C. By how much did the pipe expand? 8 12 0.00018 = 0.03024 mm
b Which formula did you use to calculate your answer to question 5a? length (cm) temperature rise (C) coefficient of linear expansion 6 a State and briefly explain the three methods of heat transfer. Conduction is the transfer of heat energy through a material. Convection is the transfer of heat by means of the movement of a locally heated/fluid/gas. Radiation is the transfer of heat from a hot body to a cooler one without the presence of a material medium by means of heat waves. b In the diagram below, show all the positions where two heat transfer methods are occurring.
Which materials are the best conductors of heat? Metals.
Materials that are poor conductors of heat are known as: Thermal insulators.
When heated in its liquid state, water will increase in volume by what percentage? Up to 4%.
Activity 4.4B Energy, heat and power

Circle the correct answer in each of the questions below. 1 If the coefficient of linear expansion of copper is 0.000016, and 25 m of copper is heated by water rising from a temperature of 5 C to 45 C, approximately how much will the length of pipe expand by? a 8 mm b 16 mm c 32 mm d 160 mm 2 What is the SI unit for measuring temperature? a Kelvin b Celsius c Fahrenheit d Centigrade 3 Approximately how much heat is required to raise 100 l of water from 10 C to 60 C, if the specific heat capacity of water is 4.186 kJ? a 15 kW b 21 kW c 24 kW d 6 kW
Draw a line matching each of the processes below to its description. Molecules in a material are heated and move further apart. Movement of a fluid substance as the result of heating. The transfer of heat through waves from a hot material to a cooler one. The amount of heat required to heat 1 kg of a material by 1 C. The transfer of heat through direct contact with a heated-up substance.
Conduction Specific heat capacity Convection Radiation Thermal expansion
How much does water expand when it changes to steam? a 1,300 times its original volume b 100 times its original volume c 1,600 times its original volume d It does not expand

Unit 4: Activity Sheet 4.4: Energy, Heat and Power

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L2 Plumbing Unit 4 Apply scientific principles within mechanical services engineering