9.

Evaluate the integral: 5dt t 1 + (lnt)2 (1)

Solution: OK this is gonna be substitution soup. But it really isnt that bad, as long as we keep up with everything. So here goes. First, notice we have the natural log of t nested inside that integral, but we also have its derivative! its the t on the bottom of the fraction, which is virtually 1 divided by t. When we have a situation like this, U-SUBSTITUTION! Let u = lnt. du = 1 dt. So now lets t put this back into our integral: 5dt t 1+ (lnt)2 =5 du 1 + u2 (2)

This almost looks like an arctan integral. However, we have that pesky square root sitting in the integral, so well have to just settle for trig substitution. See the attached le for the triangle. Now, this looks like an arctan so lets use tangent to help us make our substitutions. Let tan = u and sec = 1 + u2 . One important rule of thumb when doing these integrals is to realize what pairs naturally appear. For example, when doing trig substitutions, most likely, sines go good with cosines so we nd both of those. Or tangents with secants, and cotangents with cosecants. Its just a tip to keep in mind, but it does not have to be done that way. Now, taking my derivative of my tangent function: sec2 d = du (3)

Now, lets put this into our integral. We have all the information we need to solve it now. 5 du =5 1 + u2 sec2 d =5 sec secd = 5ln|sec + tan| + C (4)

Ok, were almost done. Now all we have to do is substitute everything back in and thats it! 5ln|sec + tan| + C = 5ln| 1 + u2 + u| = 5ln| 1 + (lnt)2 + lnt| Thats it! From here we can see that the last choice is the right answer. (5)

10. Use integral tables to evaluate: sin2 (5t)sec4 (5t)dt (6)

Solution: I adjusted this integral in ways, but I still could not nd it in the integral table so I will show how to work it by hand. It is relatively easy if we remember our trig :P. OK, rst, Ill turn that secant mess into cosines, split them up between the sines and make some tangents, then Ill take the remaining cosines and turn them back into secants and then integrate from there. So let me show this: sin2 (5t)sec4 (5t)dt = sin2 (5t) dt = cos4 (5t) tan2 (5t) dt = cos2 (5t) tan2 (5t)sec2 (5t)dt

(7) Now when dealing with these trig integrals, we want to look for derivatives. I see some in here; the derivative of tangent is sitting right there in front of us so U-SUB: Let u = tan5t. du = 5sec2 5tdt. Note that we dont have a 5 sitting in the integral, so we must put one fth outside of it. Now doing our substitution: tan2 (5t)sec2 (5t)dt = 1 5 u2 du = 11 3 tan3 (5t) u +C = +C 53 15 (8)

There we go! No integral tables needed.

13.Compute the following parts for this integral:

1

(4x2 + 7)dx
1

(9)

I. Using the trapezoidal rule, estimate the integral with n=4 steps and nd an upper bound for |ET |.

Solution: First, lets nd T. This has a process of steps, so I will try to make them as clear as possible. Ultimately we would like to use the formula: T = x (y0 + 2y1 + 2y2 + 2y3 + y4 ) 2 2 (10)

We begin with nding this equation: x = ba . We know from our integral n that b=1 and a=-1, and n is given to us as 4. So x = 1 . Now we need to 2 partition our interval. We want 4 steps so we need ve numbers. Now Ive seen the way the book explains it and its confusing to me. The way I do it is start with the rst number, which is b, then just subtract the change in x by it 4 times to nd the other four intervals. So we should get 1, 1/2, 0, -1/2, -1. Now we are ready to nd our y values. All we do is take the function inside the integral and plug in those partitions into that function so for 4x2 + 7, we should get: y0 = 11, y1 = 8, y2 = 7, y3 = 8, y4 = 11 (11) Now we can plug these numbers into our equation and nally get our T value: T = 1 x (y0 + 2y1 + 2y2 + 2y3 + y4 ) = (11 + 2 8 + 2 7 + 2 8 + 11) = 17 (12) 2 4

Good thats the rst part! Now to nd |ET |. The formula for this problem is: M (b a)3 , (13) 12n2 where M is the second derivative. It should be noted that this works only if our second derivative is continuous. Taking the second derivative of our function gives us f = 8. So plugging this into our formula gives us: |ET | = 8 23 64 1 = = 2 12 4 12 16 3 Thats it for the rst part! b. Evaluate the integral directly. |ET | = (14)

Solution: This isnt that bad:

1

4x2 + 7dx =
1

50 4 3 x + 7x[1, 1] = 3 3

(15)

Now we have to nd |ET |. To do this, we just subtract T and the integral value. We get 17 50 = 1 which is what we expect. 3 3 c. Use the formula (|ET |/(truevalue)) 100 to express |ET | as a percentage of the integrals true value.

Solution: So we just use that formula above to get this answer: 1 50 100 = 2percent 3 3 3 (16)

II. Using Simpsons rule, do the same thing with n=4 steps.

Solution: The thing that changes here is the formula for the Simpsons Rule: S= x (y0 + 4y1 + 2y2 + 4y3 + y4 ) 3 (17)

Lets just plug things in! We have the numbers already. 2 50 1 (11 + 4 8 + 2 7 + 4 8 + 11) = 16 = 6 3 3 Now |ES | is ridiculous: M (b a)5 (19) 180n4 where this time M is the fourth derivative of f. Now obviously, thats gonna be zero so |ES |=0. |ES | < We evaluated the integral directly already earlier. It was 50 . So to nd |ES | 3 this time, it would be 0, and so the percentage would be zero as well. Whoo what a problem! (18)

14. Evaluate this integral using trapezoidal and simpsons rule:

9 1

3 ds s2

(20)

i. Evaluate the integral directly.

Solution: Evaluating this is pretty easy:

9 1

3 3 8 ds = [9, 1] = s2 s 3

(21)

ii. the trapezoidal rule estimate for n=4.

Solution: First we nd x.

ba =2 (22) n Now, we just subtract this from 9 four times to get our partition which is 9,7,5,3,1. Next, we put this into f, which is s3 . We get 1/9, 3/49, 3/25, 1/3, 3. 2 Lastly, we put this into our equation to nd our approximation: x = T = x (y0 + 2y1 + 2y2 + 2y3 + y4 ) = 4.1402 2 (23)

after running through the math. iii. Find |ET |.

Solution: We can just subtract the approximation from the exact value to get the error: 8 | 4.066| = 1.399 (24) 3 iv. The percentage of the true value of the error.

Solution: Recall, we just divide the error by the true value and multiply that by 100 to get that percentage: 8 1.399/ 100 = 52.48percent 3 Its a fair percentage. (25)

v. the Simpsons rule estimate for n=4:

Solution: We have all the information we need. Now lets just plug this into the Simpsons Formula: S= x 2 (y0 + 4y1 + 2y2 + 4y3 + y4 ) = (1/27 + 12/49 + 6/25 + 4/3 + 3) = 3.237 3 3 (26) vi. |ES |

Solution: Again, just subtract the actual value or the true value, from S: 8 3.237 ( ) = .5702 3 vii. The percentage of the error and the true value: (27)

Solution: .5701 8 100 = 21.38percent 3 (28)

15. Use the information provided to nd the following information about the integral: 2 15cost dt (29) (4 + sint)2 2

Solution: a. Trapezoidal Rule: x = T =

8.

(0+2.60663+2.97818+21.05909+2.9375+2.72148+2.4787+2.23676+0) = 1.218411 8 (30) S = (0+4.60663+2.97818+41.05909+2.9375+4.72148+2.4787+4.23676+0) = 2.0007 8 (31) c. Evaluate the integral directly.

Solution: We have a derivative here! Let u = 4 + sint. du = costdt. Then: 1 1 2 du = = [ , ]= u2 u 4 + sint 2 2 15 6 (32)

d. |ET |

Solution: Again, we can just subtract the actual value from the approximation and we get the result: 2 1.218441 = 1.16129 (33) 15 e. |ES |

Solution: Same with the last one: 2.0007 And thats it! Hope this helps!u

2 = 1.8674 15

(34)