PART I INTRODUCTION

1.1. Introduction of Maiti Nepal Maiti Nepal is a non-profit organization in Nepal dedicated to helping victims of sex trafficking. Sex trafficking is a type of Human trafficking involving the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbour or receipt of persons, by coercive or abusive means for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Currently, it operates a rehabilitation home in Kathmandu, as well as transit homes at the Indo-Nepal border towns, preventive homes in the countryside and an academy in Kathmandu. Maiti Nepal ("maiti" meaning "mother's home" in Nepali) was established in 1993 by a group of socially committed professionals like teachers, journalists and social workers to fight against the social evils inflicted upon Nepalese females, such as domestic violence, trafficking for flesh trade, child prostitution, child labour and various other forms of exploitation and torture. Most of all, its special focus has always been on preventing trafficking for forced prostitution, rescuing flesh trade victims and rehabilitating them. This social organisation also actively works to find justice for the victimized girls and women by engaging in criminal investigation and waging legal battles against the criminals. It has highlighted the trafficking issue with its strong advocacy from the local to national and international levels.

1.2. Objective of the study The main purpose of this study is to increase our understanding regarding the various contributions that Maiti Nepal has made to the lives of the Nepalese citizen and their dedications to prevent them from being the victim of social evils. The study seeks to accomplish the following specific objectives: To explore the objectives and purposes of Maiti Nepal. To gain an understanding of the various programs conducted by Maiti Nepal. To be more aware about the social issues prevailing in Nepal.

1.3. Significance of the study The study of the working of Maiti Nepal is important both at the individual level and national level. It helps one to understand the how such an organisation has been changing the lives of the people being trapped in the web of social evil and how it has been contributing in the national development and enhancing international recognition of the country.

1.4. Research Methodology This research study was initially started from the literature survey of the available data collected from secondary sources. The research study follows a descriptive research design as it intends to present facts concerning the nature and status of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study. The secondary data has been obtained from various newspaper articles obtained from library as well as websites. Moreover, the information obtained from Wikipedia and annual report of Maiti Nepal and its website made a great contribution to this study. Acquiring secondary data are more convenient to use because they are already condensed and organized

1.5. Limitations of the study Limitations of this study are as follows: The information collected are mainly based on secondary data obtained from the various internet sources. Due to time constraint, as in depth analysis of the topic was not possible, it only covers the major aspects of the working of Maiti Nepal. This study is held for knowledge purpose only. Finally, the load shedding of electricity is also limitation of the study.

PART II DATA ANALYSIS ANS PRESENTAION

2.1. Biography of Anuradha Koirala Anuradha Koirala is a social activist and the founder and director of Maiti Nepal - a nonprofit organization in Nepal dedicated to helping victims of sex trafficking. Born in 14 April 1949, Anuradha Koirala was brought up in a family that regarded providing services for humankind as the best form of moral work. She studied in Saint Joseph Convent School Kalimpong, India. At the school, sisters and mother further increased her devotion towards the social work. For more than twenty years, she taught English at various reputed schools of Kathmandu. Mother Teresa was the biggest source of inspiration to initiate a mission for the betterment of humankind. Therefore, in 1993 Ms. Koirala founded Maiti Nepal with the aim of providing services for both children and women who have endured untold pain and suffering, often in silence. Children, girls and women were being trafficked within and from Nepal for commercial sexual exploitation. She set up Maiti Nepal with a vow to put an end to this heinous crime. After establishing Maiti Nepal, she plunged into the service of humanity. Her first work was setting up of a rehabilitation home so that she could provide a home to those who have nowhere else to turn to. Now, Maiti Nepal has three prevention homes, nine transit homes, two hospices and a high school. More than one thousand children are getting direct services from Maiti Nepal every day. She made it possible with her firm determination and exceptional leadership. Maiti Nepal today conducts a wide range of activities. Conducting awareness campaigns, community Sensitization, rescue operations, Apprehending Traffickers, providing legal support to the needy, women empowerment programmes, providing anti retro viral therapy (ART) to children and women infected by HIV are regular activities of Maiti Nepal. So far, Anuradha Koirala has been provided 30 national and international awards in recognition of her courageous acts and lifetime achievement furthering the cause of children's and women's rights. Some of the international awards include German UNIFEM Prize 2007, Queen Sofia Silver Medal Award 2007, The Peace Abbey, Courage

of Conscience 2006 etc. Her achievements include liberating twelve thousand girls from brothels, providing ART before the government of Nepal could initiate this process. Due to her continuous struggle, Government of Nepal recognized anti trafficking day, which falls on 5 September. This endeavor was initiated by Maiti Nepal. She was also appointed as a state minister as an honour to her contributions. Ms. Koirala loves spending time with children; they say that they get a warmth of mother and a father. She is self motivated person relishing new and dynamic challenges with a leadership role if required in a team environment or independently. On 23rd September Ms. Koirala was selected as Top-10 CNN Heroes. The global voting through the website of CNN would determine CNN hero of the year. It was the result of her struggle and compassion to fight the social evil of human trafficking, that CNN has recognized her as a TOP 10 Hero of the world list. This honour to the daughter of Nepal is a Pride for the Nation. On 25th November 2010 she was declared as CNN Hero of the year through global on line voting. Her victory as a CNN Hero is a pride and honour to the nation itself.

2.2. Objectives of Maiti Nepal Advocate, conduct awareness campaigns, seek public support, and create social pressure against the trafficking of children and women Provide counseling, support and life skills to children and women at risk of being trafficked. Rescue trafficked children and women from exploitative conditions and repatriate them and provide legal services, health counseling, and assistance to destitute women, survivors of girl trafficking and victims of gender violence. Rehabilitate survivors by providing them with education, counseling, and a safe home Shelter orphans and destitute children and support their overall development.

2.3. Programs There are four main types programs conducted by Maiti Nepal.

Prevention: operating prevention homes, running formal and non-formal education programmes, providing vocational income-generating training and micro-credit, establishing community safety nets, promoting womens empowerment and safe migration, intercepting potential victims, and scaling-up initiatives

Advocacy: conducting mass community awareness campaigns, orientations and trainings; training school teachers and students, establishing students-against-human trafficking groups, establishing information and resource centers and community outreach programmes, conducting cross-sectoral meetings and linking and networking with line agencies

Rescue: securing release or withdrawal and facilitating repatriation Rehabilitation: providing medical services and crisis counseling to survivors, identifying families and reuniting them with their families, mainstreaming survivors into formal education and providing them with life skills and gainful employment, establishing self-help groups and conducting rights-based training, apprehending and filing charges against offenders, reintegrating survivors into society and following up on their progress

2.3.1. HIV AIDS program 2.3.1.1. Initiative hope In September 2003, Maiti Nepal and its international support organisations and friends united together under the campaign "Initiative Hope" to provide medical treatment to all HIV/AIDS infected people who are at Maiti Nepal under supervision of a medical team. The main objective of this activity was to distribute modern anti-retroviral (ARV) therapy to all HIV/AIDS infected girls sheltered by Maiti Nepal and to provide careful medical monitoring of people taking ARV including regular testing of the viral load and CD4 cells and modifications in the therapy according to the results of the blood tests.

2.3.1.2. Sattighatta hospice In April 1999 Maiti Nepal established a hospice in Sattighatta, Jyamirgadi VDC, Jhapa District, five kilometers south of Kakarvitta to shelter survivors of trafficking who suffer

from various illnesses, including hepatitis, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. Its residents were moved to Gokarna, Kathmandu district when Maiti Nepals Sonja Kill Memorial Hospice was opened in January 2006 and the Sattighatta residents now houses survivors of gender violence suffering from psychiatric disorders. The hospice provides the residents with their basic needs including shelter, food, and medical care and provides companionship and affection. To promote long term healing residents are encouraged to participate in vegetable farming, fish breeding and animal husbandry.

Table 1.1. Recipient of service at Sattighatta hospice Recipient of service Local Children Women Men 2008 373 182 124 67 2009 734 352 267 115 2010 810 435 213 162

(Source: Annual report 2008/09/10)

2.3.1.3. Sonja Kill Memorial Hospice, Gokarna This was established in January 2006 and was specially designed to introduce serenity and dignity into the lives of survivors of trafficking and gender violence who are in poor health and to provide them with holistic care. It meets their basic needs, including shelter, meals, clothing and medical care, and offers them companionship and affection so they can live out the rest of their lives in dignity and serenity. The hospices modern amenities include 24-hour medical care, a balanced diet, and anti-retroviral treatment which includes testing viral load and CD4 cells regularly. Residents not only receive medical treatment but also participate in vocational handicraft classes like making bead necklaces and bracelets. The on-location dairy farm supplies milk products and the residents themselves grow seasonal vegetables for their own consumption. Yoga classes, meditation and birthday celebrations are regular activities, as are deciding upon the daily menu and going on trips.

2.3.2. Information, Resources and Documentation Information and Resource centre of Maiti Nepal was established in 2002 to disseminate the information related to its activities. This centre is involved in collecting and disseminating information related to children and women rights, welfare, exploitation, trafficking and HIV/AIDS. This centre also provides the needed information through email and fax. The centre has undertaken following activities: Publication of Maitis Newsletter; collection of data and information from the branch offices; maintain newspapers clippings related to children and women issues and collection of national and international publications related to women and children issues Dissemination of information to public on the issues related to children and women issues through press release Organisation of anti-trafficking awareness program in different areas and conduct interaction programs with the visitors/trainees

2.3.3. Legal Assistance Through its legal aid section in its central office in Kathmandu, Maiti Nepal provides legal support to survivors of trafficking, handles referrals and deals with the several daily requests for help in cases ranging from missing girls, rescue from brothels, incidents of domestic violence, guardianship, child sexual harassment, abuse and exploitation, trafficking, rape, polygamy and kinship. On average, it handles eight to ten cases of domestic violence and two to three cases of missing children and girls every day. Survivors of trafficking are assisted in registering FIR and pleading their cases in court. Maiti Nepal extends its support until the district court reaches a decision and, if the decision is unsatisfactory, an appeal is filed with the concerned appellate court through the government attorney general office. Not all cases go to court, however, as Maiti Nepal lawyers pursue informal and alternative methods of dispute resolution like counselling, mediation and negotiation prior to litigation.

Table 1.2. Legal assistance provided by Maiti Nepal 2008 Filed cases against 29 2009 42 2010 24

trafficking in district courts, where final decision is awaited Reported cases of 605, 440 of which 710, 440 of which 656, 478 of which were resolved court out were of resolved court 629 out were of resolved court of 1226, 992 of which were and located and reunited out of

gender violence,

Cases of missing girls 934, 327 of which 1103, were reported, were located

which were and located

reunited with their reunited with their with their families families Cases of rape were 23 filed in district courts Individuals legal counsel (Source: Annual report 2008/09/10) Some of the domestic violence cases were forwarded to the National Women commission and some civil cases were forwarded to the LACC, FWLD and Nepal Bar Association. sought 577 1017 1446 families 22 17

2.3.4. Prevention Home Maiti Nepals three prevention homes run four- to six-month-long residential trainings for up to 30 at-risk girls at a time. The comprehensive programme includes psychological counselling and self-esteem-building activities; lessons in trafficking, health care, child and womens rights and social issues, and training in life and income-generating skills such as sewing, candle making, tailoring, and handloom weaving. To motivate trainees to

become social activists, the package also promotes leadership, group formation, communication and community mobilisation skills. Graduates are empowered to conduct awareness campaigns, in particular about the methods of traffickers; vigilance in their communities; detecting warning signs and preventing trafficking. The three prevention homes are Chisapani, Nuwakot (est. March 1996), Hetauda, Makwanpur (est. October 1997) and Bardaghat, Nawalparasi (est. March 1998).

Table 1.3. Activities performed by prevention homes Chisapani, Activities Nuwakot Hetauda, Makwanpur Bardaghat, Nawalparasi 2010 11

2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 Children and women 1 25 35 46

provided shelter Cases on gender violence 2 settled People informed and received 3350 3602 1255 675 orientation training on 630 1475 1805 1011 4150 1 7 42 66 4 9

trafficking, HIV/AIDS, safe migration Missing application received Children and women found Cases on gender violence received Case on rape filed Cases on human trafficking filed Girls and women received special training (Source: Annual report 2008/09/10) 20 14 54 55 84 48 20 6 1 10 11 2 3 2 2 7 5 2 39 9 53 31 10 89 36 69 29 5 2 20 4 36 12 9

More over there is information and vigilance at Nagdhunga formed by Maiti Nepal with eight-member surveillance team which was established in 2001 to help the police inspect vehicles and provides information on safe migration to women migrants.

2.3.5. Advocacy and awareness program As part of its prevention strategy, Maiti Nepal also reaches out to the community, particularly adolescent girls, student, teachers, and VDC leaders. These programmes attack one of the root causes of trafficking - ignorance. Girls learn about trafficking so that they can avoid being tricked by strangers who come to their village and try to lure them. Awareness and advocacy campaigns against trafficking are intervention programme designed to reduce the problem of trafficking in children and women and is in operation in many parts of country. The programme focuses on acquainting community about situation and the risks their daughters and sisters could face at the hands of traffickers. Involvement of young people as educators through plays, talk programmes, discussions, songs, and real life stories not only gives trafficking a human face, but it also helps to reduce stigma and discrimination by providing a forum for community members to discuss the issue and build shared accountability for preventative action. Awareness campaigns and advocacy work are significant features of Maiti Nepal\'s activities. Many efforts have been made to highlight the issue and Maiti has received adequate press coverage. Major awareness campaigns are being organized in various districtsSindhupalchowk, Nuwakot, Dhading, Makwanpur, Nawalparasi, and Rasuwa. Maiti Nepal mobilized Padma Kanya (Girl\'s) College students, police, lawyers, journalists and local people. Women pressure groups were formed. Workshops on girl-trafficking, child prostitution and AIDS were organized in each district to educate and generate awareness among key groups of people like the politicians, police officers, chief district officers, medical officers, journalists and local students.

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Table 1.4. Advocacy totals 2010 1206 Migrants informed on Safe migration through District Administration Office 7400 1250 people reached through mass awareness households campaigns 48 (mass awareness campaigns) episodes of fm radio programme "Maiti ko Sandesh" through Kantipur FM once a week (Source: Annual report 2010) reached through door-door

2.3.5.1. Advocacy On Safe Migration And Anti-Human Trafficking Initiatives The project aims to respond to the problems of human trafficking especially women and children and to develop preventive and support measures in a gender sensitive and right based approach for safe migration. Its goal is to make the community aware on Safe Migration and Human Trafficking by providing information on the issues through information desk, media partnership, youth/students/child groups partnership

programmes, and different community based activities. The programme stands on the following objectives as an advocacy tool to combat human trafficking and ensure safe migration: Sensitizing community on the hazards of Human Trafficking, gender violence through community based programme like orientation, training, wall paintings, vehicle paintings, etc; Strengthening the concern of local, district line Agencies/Stakeholders in finding better ways to control the heinous problem of Human Trafficking through close coordination and joint initiatives in conducting different programmes under the project; Building close rapport with community in initiating to prevent the problem of human trafficking and to ensure safe migration.

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2.3.5.2. Youth Partnership Program The Youth Partnership Program for child survivors and youth at risk of commercial sexual exploitation of children and young people is a unique initiative in South Asia that endeavours to have a positive psychosocial impact and improve the lives of affected children. Through participation, peer support programmes, community awareness campaigns and public advocacy, survivors and at-risk youth join hands to combat CSEC in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. Large numbers of children are trafficked annually in South Asia, with estimates as high as 350,000 in India, 40,000 in Nepal and 29,000 in Bangladesh. YPP aims to address the concerns and suggestions voiced in the children's Statement of the 2nd World Congress against CSEC (2001) organized in Yokohama, Japan through consultation with the three Project Countries. The guiding principles for YPP have been adopted from UNICEF's 1998 principles of psychosocial intervention for children. Maiti Nepal is the YPP implementing partner of the ECPAT International in Nepal since 2005 A.D. Through this Programme Maiti Nepal has extended its work not just within its shelter homes but also in various other local organizations, schools and communities to ensure the better and meaningful participation of Children in all levels of decision making to end commercial sexual exploitation of children and young people. Currently, YPP has completed its second phase and in bridging towards the third phase. In all these years, Youth and children involved in YPP have demonstrated an excellent and meaningful participation and YPP as a programme has grown as a best practice of Maiti Nepal.

2.3.5.3. 'NAANI' Project This project intends to make the entire community people of targeted areas aware on the issue of human trafficking and its cross cutting themes gender violence, unsafe migration etc. In each VDC (Village Development Committee) there will a female volunteer who works closely with community people; parents, school dropped out girls/boys, students farmers, teachers, representatives of local government bodies, political parties' leaders etc. Volunteer for respective VDC will be primarily recruited from former trainees of Prevention Home Nuwakot and Makawanpur. If no any former trainees are available as

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volunteers, other girl(s) will be recruited. 'NAANI' initiates to make a change from grass root level in terms of public knowledge on human trafficking and its hazards. 'NAANI' is going to be implemented as a pilot project by Maiti Nepal. The project 'NAANI' has the following objectives: To impart knowledge and information to people about "Gender Violence", "Human Trafficking" and "Safe and Unsafe Migration" To sensitize community people on Gender violence and its hazards; To unite children, youths, parents of targeted communities to combat human trafficking; To reduce the incidents of human trafficking by conducting meetings, interactions in communities

2.3.6. Rehabilitation / Reintegration Rescued girls and women find it difficult to adjust to ordinary life: they are emotionally and even physically scarred from their experience; they lack the self-esteem, education and skills they need to live independently, and are often rejected by society. To ease their reintegration into the community, Maiti Nepal runs two rehabilitation homes, one in Kathmandu and one in Itahari, Sunsari District.

2.3.6.1. Rehabilitation home, Kathmandu The primary function of Kathmandu rehabilitation home is to serve refuge for those in immediate need and those who have been physically and/or psychologically scarred. Its residents are a heterogeneous group which includes abandoned and lost children, survivors of gender violence and rape, street children, and trafficked children and women. The home provides for their physical, psychological, and educational needs by arranging non-formal and formal education; imparting vocational, income generating and life skills; facilitating medical check-ups and treatment; conducting counselling and psychotherapy sessions; filing cases against accused criminals, locating parents, and encouraging residents to set up their own enterprises and become self-reliant. It even provides

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employment to a few residents. There are two institution involved with Kathmandu rehabilitation home (Sonja Asha Griha and Sonja Balbalika Griha).

Table 1.5. Residents of Kathmandu rehabilitation home 2008 Total resident Girls and women resident in Sonja Asha Griha Children resident in Sonja Balbalika Griha 341 94 247 2009 285 67 218 2010 255 47 208

(Source: Annual report 2008/09/10)

2.3.6.2. Rehabilitation home, Ithari It was established in March 2002. Its non formal education programme is particularly effective in teaching residents reading, writing and arithmetic as well as addressing gender issues, including gender violence, child and womens rights, leadership, health, birth registration, safe motherhood, early marriage, and HIV/AIDS. Its main activity is to provide a six-month empowerment training in sustainable livelihoods in tailoring, knitting sweaters and bags, embroidery, boutique management and modern vegetable cultivation and floriculture. It has served 178, 195, 206 girls and women in 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively.

2.3.6.3. Maiti Nepal Clinic The Sonja Jeevan Kendra (clinic) was established in 2001 to provide medical services to the children, girls and women who reside at the Kathmandu Rehabilitation Home. Its services include providing general health checks and medical screening, medical, nursing, and psychological care, moral support, and basic emergency treatment; prescribing and dispensing medicine; monitoring anti-retroviral treatment, taking patients to hospitals for out-patient services, complex investigations, surgery and major medical emergencies. It has the capacity to conduct basic laboratory tests, including determining total and differential blood counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin level,

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blood group, VDRL, HIV status, and hepatitis B infection as well as carrying out routine microscopic examinations of urine and stool and the Monteux test. The clinic has 38 beds and is supervised by a full-time medical doctor who is supported by one staff nurse, one health assistant, two community medical auxiliaries, one laboratory assistant and five clinic helpers. It served 1933, 1020 and 1050 residents of the Home in 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively. It also provided the services to the general public such as free health camp and distributed medicine free of cost; ambulance services; participated in awareness programme about HIV/AIDS; administering polio drops to all child residents under five; ENT and dental camp for programmes. residents of Sonja Jeevan Kendra and blood donation

2.3.6.4. Repatriation Maiti Nepal focuses on addressing the problem of trafficking in children and women by intervening at the rescue and rehabilitation levels. Maiti Nepal works with the Indian government that includes Indian Police and NGOs to improve rescue and repatriation operations and create more effective ways of getting children and women return to home. This program endeavors to serve those who have been trafficked by releasing trafficked children and women from exploitative situations and reaching the girls at the transit homes to ensure safe passage of girls in their journey to their final destinations

2.3.6.5. Maiti Halfway Home The small hotels, restaurant sector, massage parlors in Nepal have emerged as a visible intermediary supply site in the context of internal as well as cross-border trafficking of girls and young women. The last 5-6 years have seen an unprecedented number of women and girls entering employment as workers in dance, cabin restaurants and massage parlors in Nepal. This has in somehow helped in the economic independence of the girls/women but on a larger part put a threat to the life of the girls/women making them vulnerable to different forms of abuse/exploitation and moreover hampering their social development.

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As a matter of fact, Maiti Nepal established a Half-way Home in October 2009 with the objective to provide a safe shelter home to the girls (below the age of 18) withdrawn from these sectors and then rehabilitate, provide an alternative livelihood to bring them to a mainstream society. Since its establishment, the Home has provided shelter to twentynine girls. Among them 21 girls underwent different types of trainings while the rest stayed for a couple of days and went back home. During the period of November 2009 to December 2010: Six girls undertook bakery training at GATE (Global Academy for Hospitality and Tourism Education). Out of them three have been placed into jobs at various institutions. Six girls underwent basic sewing training. Among them, one is working in the workshop; one is working at GATE after undergoing another training on housekeeping while the rest have been re-integrated into their family with a sewingmachine each. Six girls completed training on house-keeping. Among them, four girls were recruited in one of the five stars hotel at Kathmandu whereas two are still looking for a job but they continue to work in the workshop. Two girls preferred to receive on-the-job training for making bead items at Kathmandu. One girl enrolled in the school for formal education but after a while dropped out due to her family restrictions. As to keep the girls refreshed, several recreational activities were also conducted such as taking them for visit at various sites, picnics. The girls also undertake active roles in raising awareness against human trafficking by performing street dramas during the awareness campaigns. Apart from the above activities, to enhance their capabilities, the girls also learn to play musical instruments and as well learn English language

2.3.7. Transit homes If preventive measures fail, Maiti Nepal sometimes manages to intercede in the throes of trafficking or to free girls from brothels. Rescued girls are housed in eight transit homes,

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located in the border towns of Kakarvitta, Bhairahawa, Pashupatinagar (Illam), Biratnagar, Birgunj, Nepalgunj, Dhangadi, Mahendranagar and Mahespur (Nawalparasi) where a little vigilance can have significant payoffs. They provide safe shelter as well as counselling, medical check-ups and non-formal education classes to rescued girls and write up the history and profile of each, trace parents or guardians and arrange reunions, identify and file criminal cases against traffickers and work with police to intercept potential victims and apprehend criminals. Rescued girls have formed surveillance teams which have been instrumental in helping police identify criminals and have served as a major deterrent to trafficking. They also raise public awareness and mobilise concerned citizens to fight against trafficking. Requests for help to locate missing girls, rescue girls from brothels and provide legal advice in cases of domestic violence and polygamy number about six or seven every week in each transit house.

Table 1.6. Activities of transit home 2008 Interceptions achieved Migrants Informed Victims rescued Found/Missing Gender based violence cases resolved Human Trafficking cases initiated 1615 63248 82 90/482 84/93 10 2009 1521 25615 86 109/579 138/181 22 2010 2478 66052 64 168/1006 208 18

(Source: Annual report 2008/09/10)

2.3.8. Education support 2.3.8.1. Edification at Teresa Academy, Kathmandu To provide the formal education and all-round development of orphans, under-privileged children and children at high risk of being trafficked, the founder of Maiti Nepal, Mrs. Anuradha Koirala established Teresa Academy in 1998. Since then the academy is

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committed to providing a positive childhood in an intellectually stimulating learning environment through varied activities.

Table 1.7. Structure of students at Teresa Academy 2008 Total students Girls Children 306 70% who reside at Maiti Nepals Kathmandu 183 2009 266 70% 126 171 2010 400

rehabilitation home From boys hostel From the missionaries of charity 23 6 20 9 12 10 113

From organisation for street children and conflict 5 victim children Day scholars 89

98 43

106 74

Students who are provided uniforms, books and 34 stationery free of cost

(Source: Annual report 2008/09/10)

2.4. Highlights of social contribution made by Maiti Nepal Some of the highlights of the activities and contribution made by Maiti Nepal can be listed as follows.

A. CSEC Caregivers' Refresher Training and Workshop on Child Protection A refresher training and workshop was organized for the categories who had already participated in care givers' training held in past years. A total of 17 caregivers who work directly with children is selected partner organizations of Maiti Nepal participated in the program. The caregivers' training on children protection was aimed at helping the caregivers to build up their skills in appropriate psycho-social recovery of the children who have been subject to the sexual exploitation including confidence building, specialized care services for a holistic rehabilitation process; network development and

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advocacy tools, as well as specific techniques for the long term recovery of survivors; participatory methodology in working with children, developing models of good practices in care provision shelter, outreach services, therpecific group work and informal education program.

B. Surveillance and Monitoring at Tribhuwan International Airport To address the growing concern of Nepalese girls and women being trafficked to Gulf countries for labour, Maiti Nepal initiated the surveillance and monitoring at Tribhuwan International Airport to save the potential trafficking victims.

C. CSEC Cross Border Micro Project Under the Cross Border Micro project, a joint initiative of the youth Nepal and India who are affiliated to the Youth Partnership Project for the child survivors and Youth at Risk of Commercial sexual Exploitation in South Asia-Nepal(YPP), a meeting with local stakeholders was carried out by the YPP Youth at Kakarvita. An awareness raising RoadShow on cross border trafficking was held at Kakarvita. The team and Youth from Nepal participated in the press meeting organized by Indian YPP youth at Siliguri. The YPP team and Youth from Nepal participated in the Rally that called for Ending Sexual Abuse/Exploitation of Children that started from Siliguri Junction.

D. Rescue from Khasa Chairman of Maiti Nepal Anuradha Koirala has claimed that the Tibet Autonomous Region of China and Macau have been developing as a new hub for trafficking of Nepali women, source Republica January 26. She said that the problem will assume epidemic proportions if immediately steps are not taken to control it. They have rehabilitated three girls rescued from Khasa region and set up check posts on the northern border for the first time responding to the demand of the locals. The check post to be set up near Tatopani customs office would be the first formal unit of Maiti Nepal on the Sino-Nepal border. It has 10 such units along the Indo-Nepal border.

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E. Youth partnership festival organized in Kathmandu On 6th April 2011 Youth Partnership Program celebrated it successful completion of its second phase through the YPP youth festival with the slogan of promoting youth power in Kathmandu, Nepal. The total of 178 participants included representatives from government of Bangladesh, India and Nepal, members of SAIEVAC Governing board, INGOs, NGOs, Press media and youth involved in YPP from Bangladesh, India and Nepal participated for the celebration of the festival. This festival was an opportunity for youth to share the outcomes and good practices of the youth led activities. The president made a positive response on the initiative taken by the young people to end the commercial sexual exploitation of children in South Asia and other forms of exploitation against children. He also gave his commitment towards the issues raised by the children against CSEC and sex trafficking of young people.

F. Maiti Nepal celebrated International Women's day with a week long programme Maiti Nepal celebrated 101st Womens Day on 8th March 2011 with a week long activity. The activity was based on the slogan for this years Womens Day which reads: Equal access to education, training and science and technology: Pathway to decent work for women. Maiti Nepal this year focused on awareness raising program addressing issues of women empowerment as well as human trafficking. With the active participation of transit homes based on various Nepal-India boarders, Maiti conveyed its message in and across the border. The flex, banners and pamphlets were used to transfer messages more effectively among a larger population.

G. Lives Saved From Being Trafficked Thirteen girls from various districts of Nepal have been rescued on Thursday, 24th February 2011. The girls were rescued by Boudha Police. They have been handed over to Maiti Nepal for interim shelter and rehabilitation. The girls are mostly from districts like Nepalgunj, Illam and Jhapa. According to the rescued girls, some of them claimed of being verbally abused by the agents and locked up for days.

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H. Transit home contributions Transit home Pashupatinagar, Ilam made intercepted 7 girls and women belonging to neighboring districts of them belonging to dalits and janajatis, preceded 5 cases of domestic violence, dealt with 1 missing cases and provided information on safe migration to 39 people during the month of January 2011. Similarly, Transit Home Birgunj, during the month of January to March 2011, intercepted 26 girls and women belonging to various districts. Majority of them are dalits and janajatis, proceeded 5 cases of domestic violence dealt with 10 missing cases and provided information on safe migration to 444 women and children. Likewise during the month of January to March 2011, Transit home Kakarvhitta intercepted 47 girls who hail from janajatis and dalits communities, dealt with 27 cases of missing and provided information on safe migration to 111 people Similarly during the month of January and February 2011, Transit home Biratnagar intercepted 9 girls who hail from janajatis and dalits communities, dealt with 6 cases of missing, proceeded 1 case of domestic violence and provided information on safe migration to 115 people

2.5. Donors of Maiti Nepal Major financial supporters of Maiti Nepal are Art Venture, Asia Foundation, Bono Direct Association, Chance Swiss, Christliche Ostmission, Danish Embassy, ECPAT International, European Commission, Friends of Maiti Nepal-USA, Initiative Hope, Laligurans Maiti Japan, Provita, Radio Television Luxemburg, Save The Children US, Sonja Kill Foundation, UNDP, UNHCR, VEBW-Germany, UNFPA, Ayuda Foundation, Red Electrica and Lutheran World Federation

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PART III CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

3.1. Conclusion Maiti Nepal, based in Kathmandu, was founded in 1993 to serve a particularly vulnerable population of Nepali women and girls. Its mission is to combat exploitation, violence and trafficking of children and women. This organization was established not only to protect and rescue the victims of sex trafficking and domestic violence but also to pave the road into resurrection to those helpless victims. The organization provides voice to these voiceless and helps to rehabilitate the victims of sex trafficking back into the society. It works to provide comprehensive prevention and rehabilitation programs through education, empowerment, health and social inclusion. Maiti Nepal was established by a group of socially committed professionals who devoted their lives to work together to fight against sex-trafficking and forced prostitution. Anuradha Koirala, who has been a pioneer in leading this fight, is the founder and director of this organization. Ms. Koirala, herself a victim of domestic violence, helps the victims by providing them all the assistance that they require in order to recuperate them from their sufferings and to help them lead a healthy and respectful life back in the society. Maiti Nepal prevents poor girls form being lured to brothels by educating and informing them. This organization takes care of and supports girls who have been held in brothels in India, and has a special hospital for girls who have been infected with HIV. Some of these girls have become Maiti Border Guards, who stop girl-traffickers when they try to bring girls to India. Maiti Nepal currently accommodates around 400 women and children and most of the staffs who work there day in and day out to help those victims were themselves victims of sex trafficking at one time and they have now devoted their time and are committed to help rehabilitate the victims. By raiding brothels, patrolling the India-Nepal border and providing safe shelter and support services, Ms. Koirala and Maiti Nepal have helped rescue and rehabilitate more than 12,000 Nepali women and girls since 1993.

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We salute Anuradha Koirala, a true humanitarian, for all the work that she has done and hope that her work inspires others as well to work for the well-being of others.

3.2. Recommendations Even though the work done by Maiti Nepal has been very commendable however we have come up with few suggestions that will further help in their noble cause. Various measures to tighten the Indo-Nepal border should be adopted so that it would be impossible to traffic the girls across the border and compel them into forced prostitution. The government should table bills to make primary education mandatory for all the Nepali children so that they can distinguish between the good and the evil. The culprits of this heinous crime should be dealt with severely and proper and suitable punishment should be provided to them so that it would discourage others from doing similar kinds of activity. Adequate jobs should be made available in Nepal itself so that the girls will not be lured into going across the border and made to work against their will. Government should work in tandem with Maiti Nepal to publicize this problem and various means should be adopted for this purpose so that the information can be provided to as many people as possible.

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