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Table of Contents
1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Overview...................................................................... 1 1.2 Prerequisites and Assumptions......................................................................................... 3
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6.7 Install Additional Software Packages.............................................................................. 26 6.8 Install JDK....................................................................................................................... 26 6.9 Add Swap Space............................................................................................................. 27 6.11 Create Users and Groups.............................................................................................. 28 6.12 SAP Monitoring.............................................................................................................. 28 6.12.1 Enable SAP Monitoring for a Virtual Machine......................................................... 29 6.12.2 Verify the SAP Monitoring........................................................................................ 29 6.13 Make a Template of the Virtual Machine....................................................................... 30 6.14 Create Virtual NICs........................................................................................................ 31 6.15 Create Mount Points...................................................................................................... 32 6.16 Set the Environment for Installation.............................................................................. 32
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1 Introduction
Businesses must continue to innovate while controlling costs to succeed in today's competitive global markets. IT departments are under pressure to optimize capital expenditures, meet increasing demand with fewer resources, and easily and quickly launch new services. Virtualization and cloud computing are major technologies used to help organizations meet these budget and business agility challenges. Red Hat continues its strong co-innovation history with SAP with Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization for SAP. Red Hat delivers the foundation operating system plus built-in virtualization and management in an offering that is certified by SAP. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is open source and certified on more platforms than any other, giving a standardized approach without hardware vendor lock-in. Industry-leading virtualization capabilities enable consolidation and optimized use of resources and can reduce power, cooling, and space requirements for further savings. Running SAP solutions on Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization helps enterprises address the challenges of flexibility and price/performance with a scalable and high-availability SAP platform that is cloud ready. SAP migrations and new implementations must be carefully planned and executed to minimize risk and provide a smooth transition to the new environment. This article demonstrates the installation of the SAP Business Suite Application in a Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 3.0 environment, and is intended as a starting point for evaluating or planning an SAP on Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization deployment. The following sections provide relevant overview information of Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization, including key concepts and terminology needed to understand the installation procedure. This article assumes the reader is familiar with Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) in general, but may be new to Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization.
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Figure 1.1-1: Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Platform Overview The Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization platform distinguishes between physical objects, such as a physical host, and logical objects, such as a virtual machine or data center (see Figure 2). The most elementary component of the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization platform is a host. A host is a physical server that runs either Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Hypervisor (a minimal installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux designed to support virtualization workloads) or Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.5 and above. Each physical host is used to host one or more VIRTUAL MACHINES. Each virtual machine contains an operating system and a set of applications.
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Figure 1.1-2: Physical and logical components in the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization environment. Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization uses the logical entities clusters and data centers to organize the components in the environment: Hosts are logically grouped into CLUSTERS. A cluster is a set of physical hosts that are treated as a resource pool for a set of virtual machines. Hosts in a cluster share the same network infrastructure and the same storage. Virtual machines can be migrated from one host to another within a server cluster. A DATA CENTER contains one or more clusters of virtual machines, storage, and networks. It is used to logically organize a set of resources used in a specific environment. A data center is the highest level container for all physical and logical resources.
The physical storage in a data center is abstracted into a logical view called a STORAGE POOL, which contains one or more STORAGE DOMAINS. A data storage domain contains complete images of the virtual machines, operating system images, and data disks. Storage networking can be implemented using iSCSI, Fibre Channel, or NFS. (You can also set up local storage on a host for very small and limited environments, such as this demo example). Storage domains are shared resources, and must be accessible to all hosts in a data center. For more details on Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization, visit the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization home page at http://www.redhat.com/virtualization/rhev/.
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The procedure in this document assumes the following: Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 6.2. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Virtualization 3.0. Note: The beta version of Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 3.0 is used in this document. However, you should obtain the most recent version from the Red Hat Network through your support subscription. Windows Internet Explorer 7.0 or higher (to access the administration portal). PXE boot server for Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation (can install from media, if preferred). SAP Business Suite Application that is supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux and KVM. (Refer to SAP Note 1400911 Linux: SAP on Red Hat KVM Kernel-based Virtual Machine for more information.) In this document, SAP ERP 6.0 EHP 5 on Sybase ASE Database is installed as an example.
For more information on Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization, see the online documentation available at http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Virtualization/3.0/: Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 3.0 Quick Start Guide Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 3.0 Evaluation Guide Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 3.0 Installation Guide Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 3.0 Administration Guide
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1. Use the rhevm-setup command to run the installer. The installer will take you through a series of interactive questions:
# rhevm-setup Wcome to RHEV Manager setup utility HTTP Port [8080] : HTTPS Port [8443] : Host fully qualified domain name, note that this name should be fully resolvable [localhost.localdomain] : rhev-m-sap.example.com The IP 10.15.182.163 does not hold a PTR record for the FQDN: rhev-msap.example.com User input failed validation, do you still wish to use it? (yes|no): yes Password for Administrator (admin@internal) : Confirm password : Database password (required for secure authentication with the locally created database) : Confirm password : Organization Name for the Certificate: Red Hat The default storage type you will be using ['NFS'| 'FC'| 'ISCSI'] [NFS] : ISCSIel Should the installer configure NFS share on this server to be used as an ISO Domain? ['yes'| 'no'] [yes] : no Firewall ports need to be opened. You can let the installer configure iptables automatically overriding the current configuration. The old configuration will be backed up. Alternately you can configure the firewall later using an example iptables file found under /usr/share/rhevm/conf/iptables.example Configure iptables ? ['yes'| 'no']: yes
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2. Confirm the summary of the configuration. A message displays when the installation completes:
RHEV Manager will be installed using the following configuration: ================================================================= http-port: 8080 https-port: 8443 host-fqdn: rhev-m-sap.example.com auth-pass: ******** db-pass: ******** org-name: Red Hat default-dc-type: ISCSI override-iptables: yes Proceed with the configuration listed above? (yes|no): yes **** Installation completed successfully ******
3. After the installation completes, allow Red Had Enterprise Virtualization Manager time to start up. Note: If you need to re-install Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager, use the rhevmcleanup command. Cautionthis utility will wipe all existing data including configuration settings, certificates, and the database:
# rhevm-cleanup WARNING: Executing RHEV Manger cleanup utility. This utility will wipe all existing data including configuration settings, certificates and database Would you like to proceed? (yes|no): yes Stopping Removing Removing Removing JBoss Service... Database... CA... RHEV Manager JBoss profile... [ [ [ [ DONE DONE DONE DONE ] ] ] ]
RHEV Manager cleanup finished successfully! Cleanup log available at /var/log/rhevm/rhevmcleanup_2011_09_23_12_05_45.log DB Backup available at /usr/share/rhevm/db-backups/tmpcwTFBb.sql
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3 Install Hosts
After you've installed the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager, install the hosts to run your virtual machines. Servers that are running Red Hat Enterprise Linux can be reconfigured to be used as virtual machine hosts. You can also install and use Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Hypervisor as hosts. The following two sections demonstrate how to install both types of hosts.
2. In the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager (RHEV-M) tab, input the RHEV manager information: Management Server: Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager host name and domain name Management Server Port: enter the management server port name (default is 8443) Verify Certificate: Check this checkbox if you wish to verify the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager security certificate
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3. In the Red Hat Network tab, input the Red Hat Network registration information:
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2. Log in with the user name admin and the password you specified during the installation.
3. If this is the first time you're connecting to the administration portal, you'll need to install security certificates for your browser. Follow the onscreen prompts. (See Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Quick Start Guide, section 2.3.1 for more information.)
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3. Specify the correct type of storage using the pulldown menu for Type. There are four choices for storage type: NFS, iSCSI, Fibre Channel, and Local on Host (see below). This example uses Local on Host for its storage.
Important: The correct storage type must be specified when the data center is created.
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2. You can also choose to add hosts later. In the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager Host tab, click New:
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Make sure the host is subscribed to the following channels: Red Hat Enterprise Virt Management Agent Beta ((v.6 for x86_64) RHEL for SAP (v. 6 for 64-bit x86_64)
3. Specify the host parameters. In this example, the host akina is added to the SAP cluster in the SAP data center:
4. If you want to configure power management, click on the Power Management tab and fill in the template:
Note: Because this data center is using the local disk on the host, only one host can be added to this data center. To support multiple hosts, shared storage must be used. 13
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2. On the Edit and Approve Host dialog, enter the data center, cluster, and host name information. In this example, the default data center and default cluster are used:
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4. The host is now added to the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization environment:
2. Specify the path. Before adding the path, set the owner of the selected directory as follows:
drwxr-xr-x. 2 vdsm kvm 4096 Sep 29 11:11 rhev
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2. When you create a new virtual machine, you will be prompted to configure network interfaces and virtual disks:
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3. First, click on Configure Network Interfaces, and fill in the New Network Interface template. You can keep the default settings and click OK.
4. After specifying your network interface, you will be prompted to configure virtual disks:
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5. Select Configure Virtual Disks. The example shows the creation of a virtual disk with a Thin Provisioning format. From a performance point of view, however, a virtual disk with a preallocated (RAW) format is significantly faster than a virtual disk with a think provisioning (Qcow2) format, thus it is recommended for I/O intensive applications. Before selecting the size of the virtual disk, check the SAP Installation Guide for the minimum disk requirement. Also include the size of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation and swap space.
6. Your new virtual machine displays in the Virtual Machines tab. Now that you've created a virtual machine, you need to install an operating system on it. You can install the Red Hat Enterprise Linux software from a CD image, or use PXE network boot or other method that is available in your environment. The following example demonstrates PXE booting from Red Hat Network Satellite Server.
5.2 Configure Red Hat Network Satellite Server for PXE Boot
This section demonstrates how to configure the Red Hat Network Satellite Server for PXE boot of the virtual machine. 1. Log in to your site's Red Hat Network Satellite Server. 2. Create a new Kickstart profile:
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3. You will be prompted to fill in information about the new Kickstart profile in a series of screens:
5. Provide the root password of the virtual machine to the Red Hat Network Satellite Server:
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6. Within Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager, find the MAC address of the virtual machine:
7. List the profiles available via the cobbler boot server. Then, use the system add command to add your virtual machine. You'll need the MAC address of your virtual machine and the profile to use. The following example uses the RHEL6-forSAP:1:RedHatIT profile.
[root@ai ~]# cobbler profile list RHEL5_x86_64_Base:1:RedHatIT RHEL6-for-SAP:1:RedHatIT [root@ai ~]# cobbler system add --name=sap-server-1 --profile=RHEL6-forSAP:1:RedHatIT mac=00:1a:4a:0f:b6:00
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3. Select the virtual machine, and click on the console icon for your virtual machine
4. The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system installation begins. When the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation is complete, the console will prompt for login.
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You'll need to specify the Red Hat Network Satellite Server login information and provide a new profile name (for example, sap-server-1).
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4. On the new server, use the yum command to update the packages:
# yum update
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You can find the most recent version of each SAP Note at http://service.sap.com/notes.
Or, if you choose to leave your firewall enabled, be sure to open up the required ports for the SAP application. After installation, you can check your service ports in the /etc/services file.
6.4 Hostname
Ensure the hostname command returns the short name of your system.
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3. To enable the swap file immediately but not automatically at boot time:
# swapon /swapfile
4. To enable it at boot time, edit the /etc/fstab file to include the following entry:
/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
5. To test if the new swap file was successfully created, you can use the swapon -s command or cat /proc/swaps:
# swapon -s # cat /proc/swaps
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6. Start the virtual machine. You have now enabled monitoring of a virtual machine for use with SAP. Repeat the procedure for each virtual machine that is part of the SAP environment. The Custom Properties tab is also available from the New Virtual Machine dialog. SAP monitoring can be enabled for new virtual machines by following this procedure at the time of the virtual machine creation.
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2. Run the vm-dump-metrics command on the virtual machine to verify that the XML with the host metrics is accessible from the guest:
# vm-dump-metrics
3. Fill in the name and description of the template, and then click OK:
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/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0-2
DEVICE=eth0:2 BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=10.15.183.182 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 ONBOOT=yes
2. In the virtual machine's console, restart network service to bring up the two new virtual NICs. Important: do not do this from a remote connection because the command will reset the network.
# service network restart
4. Add the IP address/host name pairs to the /etc/hosts file, or configure them in DNS:
10.15.183.181 10.15.183.182 sapep1db.example.com sapep1ci.example.com sapep1db sapep1ci
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3. Set the umask file creation mask to 022, and set an environment variable for the name of your temporary directory used for installation:
# umask 022 # setenv TMPDIR /tmp
4. Use the limit command to set the limits for file descriptors and core dump size as follows:
# limit descriptors 8192 # limit coredumpsize unlimited
The system is now ready to begin the installation of SAP ERP 6.0 EHP 5.
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7 Install SAP
The following sections demonstrate the installation of SAP ERP 6.0 EHP5 on the virtual machine. There are three major steps in the installation process: global host preparation, Sybase ASE database installation, and central instance installation.
2. Start the installation using the sapinst command from the SAP Installation Master media:
# /software/erp-sybase/BS7i2010_Inst._Master_SYBASE___GA_/ IM_LINUX_X86_64/sapinst
3. Choose Global Host Preparation from the SAP NetWeaver installation screen, then click Next:
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5. The installation process will display message boxes informing you that the installation directory is not owned by the group sapinst and does not have the correct permissions. Click OK on these message boxes to set the correct ownership and permissions:
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8. Provide the path to the required software package (UC Kernel NW 7.20) media:
9. Review the parameter summary, and then click Next to start the execution:
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10. The following message box will display when execution completes:
2. Start the installation using the sapinst command on the Installation Master media: Note: be sure to use the SAPINST_USE_HOSTNAME parameter.
# /software/erp-sybase/BS7i2010_Inst._Master_SYBASE___GA_/IM_LINUX_X86_64/sapinst SAPINST_USE_HOSTNAME=sapep1db
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5. Provide the path to the required software (UC Kernel NW 7.20) media:
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8. Enter the path to the two media of Installation Export ECC 6.0 EHP5. Export 1:
and Export 2:
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10. On the summary page, you have a chance to review your selections and make changes if necessary. If everything is correct, click Next to start the installation:
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2. Start the installation using the sapinst command from the Installation Master media: Note: be sure to use the SAPINST_USE_HOSTNAME parameter.
# /software/erpsybase/BS7i2010_Inst._Master_SYBASE___GA_/IM_LINUX_X86_64/sapinst SAPINST_USE_HOSTNAME=sapep1ci
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4. You can choose Typical to have the installer set the default values for most parameters. Or, choose Custom if you prefer to set the values for your installation:
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5. Specify the location of the required software package (UC Kernel NW 7.20) media:
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9. You can choose to install the SAP Cryptographic Library or skip it:
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11. Enter the System Landscape Directory (SLD) destination for the diagnostics agent. If you already have a central SLD, you can register in the existing central SLD, which is recommended. Or, choose No SLD destination:
12. Review the Parameter Summary, and make changes accordingly. If everything is correct, click Next to begin the installation:
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8 Live Migration
Live migration is the ability to move a running virtual machine between physical hosts in a Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization environment with no interruption of service. Live migration is transparent to the end user: the virtual machine remains powered on and user applications continue to run while the virtual machine is relocated to the new physical host. The following example illustrates how to migrate a virtual machine to a new physical host in a Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization environment. 1. From the Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager, select the virtual machine you wish to migrate and then click the Migrate button:
Or, you can right click to display the context menu for the virtual machine and then select Migrate:
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2. Select the host you wish to migrate to. You can select a specific host, or you can have Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization choose automatically. The destination host must belong to the same cluster:
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9 Next Steps
Your feedback is important to us. Send your questions and comments to sap@redhat.com. For more information on Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization, visit http://www.redhat.com/rhev/ or contact your local Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization reseller.
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