fm3 05

FM 3-05.10.
ARMY SPECIAL
OPERATIONS FORCES
COMMAND, CONTROL,
COMMUNICATIONS,
AND COMPUTERS
June 2000
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION:
Distribution authorized to U. S. Government agencies and their contractors only to protect technical or
operational information from automatic dissemination under the International Exchange Program or by
other means. This determination was made on 5 December 2003. Other requests for this document must
be referred to Commander, United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School,
ATTN: AOJK-DT-JAA, Fort Bragg, North Carolina 28310-5000.
DESTRUCTION NOTICE:
Destroy by any method that must prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document.
Headquarters, Department of the Army

FM 3-05.10.1
Field Manual Headquarters
No. 3-05.10.1 Department of the Army
Washington, DC, 30 June 2000
Army Special Operations Forces

Command, Control, Communications,
and Computers
Contents
Page
PREFACE .................................................................................................................. iv
Chapter 1 THE ROLE OF C4 SYSTEMS IN SUPPORT OF ARSOF ..................................... 1-1
Organization of ARSOF ...........................................................................................1-1
ARSOF Missions and Collateral Activities ...............................................................1-1
ARSOF C4 Doctrinal Principles and Architectural Tenets .......................................1-2
Chapter 2 THEATER COMMUNICATIONS ............................................................................ 2-1

Theater Communications Interfaces to DOD Networks...........................................2-1
Theater Special Operations Command....................................................................2-3
SOF Theater Communications Assets.....................................................................2-4
Theater Communications for the JSOTF .................................................................2-5
Chapter 3 THE ARMY SPECIAL OPERATIONS SIGNAL BATTALION (AIRBORNE) ......... 3-1
Organization and Mission.........................................................................................3-1
Concept of Employment...........................................................................................3-2
Command and Control .............................................................................................3-4
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their

contractors only to protect technical or operational information from automatic dissemination under
the International Exchange Program or by other means. This determination was made on
5 December 2003. Other requests for this document must be referred to Commander, United
States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, ATTN: AOJK-DT-JAA, Fort
Bragg, North Carolina 28310-5000.
DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that must prevent disclosure of contents or
reconstruction of the document.
i
FM 3-05.10.1
Page
Chapter 4 SPECIAL FORCES ................................................................................................. 4-1

Organization ............................................................................................................ 4-1
SF Communications Elements ................................................................................ 4-2
Concept of Employment .......................................................................................... 4-5
Chapter 5 RANGER REGIMENT ............................................................................................. 5-1

Organization ............................................................................................................ 5-1
Ranger Communications Elements ......................................................................... 5-1
Ranger Communications ......................................................................................... 5-2
Chapter 6 ARMY SPECIAL OPERATIONS AVIATION REGIMENT....................................... 6-1

Organization ............................................................................................................ 6-1
ARSOA Communications Elements ........................................................................ 6-1
Task Force Organizations ....................................................................................... 6-3
Command and Control Organizations ..................................................................... 6-3
Liaison Requirements .............................................................................................. 6-3
ARSOA Communications ........................................................................................ 6-5
Chapter 7 CIVIL AFFAIRS ....................................................................................................... 7-1

Organization ............................................................................................................ 7-1
CA Commands ........................................................................................................ 7-1
CA Brigades............................................................................................................. 7-1
CA Battalions ........................................................................................................... 7-1
CA Communications................................................................................................ 7-2
CA Communications Nodes .................................................................................... 7-2
CA Information Management................................................................................... 7-2
Chapter 8 PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS......................................................................... 8-1

Organization ............................................................................................................ 8-1
PSYOP Communications Elements ........................................................................ 8-2
PSYOP Communications ........................................................................................ 8-4
Chapter 9 SPECIAL OPERATIONS SUPPORT COMMAND.................................................. 9-1

Assistant Theater Signal Office ............................................................................... 9-1
ARSOF Support Battalion........................................................................................ 9-2
Organization ............................................................................................................ 9-2
SOSB Communications Section.............................................................................. 9-2
ii
FM 3-05.10.1
Page
Appendix A SCAMPI .................................................................................................................. A-1

Appendix B AUTOMATIC LINK ESTABLISHMENT (ALE) MIL-STD-188-141A ...................... B-1
Appendix C JOINT BASE STATION ..........................................................................................C-1
Appendix D SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES TACTICAL ASSURED CONNECTIVITY
SYSTEM .................................................................................................................D-1
GLOSSARY ................................................................................................ Glossary-1
BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................................................................Bibliography-1
INDEX ...............................................................................................................Index-1
iii
Preface
Field Manual (FM) 3-05.10.1 is the Army special operations forces (ARSOF) manual on
command, control, communications, and computers (C4). It also covers the ARSOF Signal
Battalion (Airborne [A]) and the ARSOF Support Battalion, which are specifically dedicated to
support deployed joint special operations task forces (JSOTFs) and Army special operations task
forces (ARSOTFs).
This manual describes the organization, duties, and responsibilities of signal elements in each
area of special operations (SO); the capabilities and requirements from supported commands;
operational command information flow; and command and control (C2) architecture from
operational units to the special operations command (SOC) and theater or national C2 systems.
It also provides the doctrinal principles of ARSOF C4 systems to—
• Supported commanders (unified, joint forces, multinational, and Service component).
• Signal planners in the conventional forces.
• Signal elements organic to ARSOF.
• Personnel with limited or no Special Operations Forces (SOF) experience.
This manual captures emerging technology, as well as current operational capabilities. Users
must adapt these principles to any given situation, using professional knowledge, skills, and
judgment. This publication must be used in conjunction with FM 100-25, Doctrine for Army
Special Operations Forces, and FM 31-20, Doctrine for Special Forces Operations.
The proponent of this publication is the United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare
Center and School (USAJFKSWCS). Reviewers and users of this publication should submit
comments and recommended changes on Department of the Army Form 2028 to Commander,
USAJFKSWCS, ATTN: AOJK-DT-JAA, Fort Bragg, NC 28310-5000.
Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer exclusively
to men.
iv
Chapter 1
The Role of C4 Systems in Support of ARSOF

A C2 support system that includes C4 systems is a commander’s
principal tool in collecting, transporting, processing, disseminating, and
protecting data. C4 systems are the information exchange and decision
support subsystems within the total force’s C2 support system. The
continuous need for information to support SO is the basis for the SOF
C4 system. Availability of information can make the difference between
success and failure of an SO mission. The data must get to the right
place, on time, and in a format that is quickly usable by the intended
recipients and must generate appropriate actions. Special military
operations conducted in peace, stability and support operations, and war
differ significantly from conventional operations. ARSOF use of C4
systems is distinct because of the ARSOF missions. ARSOF operators
must be able to communicate long-range, anywhere in the world and at
any time, while remaining completely interoperable with joint and Army
C4 systems. To understand ARSOF C4 systems fully, one must first
understand the organization of ARSOF and the ARSOF missions.
ORGANIZATION OF ARSOF
1-1. The United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC)
reports to the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), one
of the nine unified commands in the United States (U.S.) military’s
combatant command (COCOM) structure. USASOC is an Army major
command composed of active component (AC) Army, Army National Guard
(ARNG), and United States Army Reserve (USAR) SOF.
1-2. The United States Army Special Forces Command (USASFC)
(Figure 1-1, page 1-2) consists of five AC and two ARNG Special Forces
Groups (Airborne) (SFGs[A]). The United States Army Civil Affairs and
Psychological Operations Command (USACAPOC) includes one AC
Psychological Operations Group (POG) and two USAR POGs, four USAR CA
commands, and one AC CA battalion.
ARSOF MISSIONS AND COLLATERAL ACTIVITIES

1-3. The characteristic nature of SO is the use of small units in direct and
indirect military actions focused on strategic and operational objectives.
These actions require units with combinations of specialized personnel,
equipment, training, and tactics that are beyond the routine capabilities of
conventional military forces. ARSOF plan, conduct, and support SO across
the full range of military operations. ARSOF missions normally are joint or
1-1
FM 3-05.10.1
interagency in nature, conducted unilaterally with allied forces, as a

combined force, or with indigenous assets.
1-4. ARSOF are organized, trained, and equipped to accomplish the nine
principal missions shown in Figure 1-2, page 1-3. Based on their inherent
capabilities, resident in the primary missions, ARSOF also frequently conduct
collateral activities as required by the changing international environment.
ARSOF missions and collateral activities are dynamic because of the
direct effect of politico-military considerations that frequently shape SO,
requiring clandestine, covert, or low visibility techniques and oversight at the
national level.
ARSOF C4 DOCTRINAL PRINCIPLES AND ARCHITECTURAL TENETS

1-5. To enable its assigned forces to perform the ARSOF missions and
collateral activities, USSOCOM developed C4 doctrinal principles and
architectural tenets that guide communications support of SO.
Figure 1-1. USASOC Organization
1-2
FM 3-05.10.1
Missions Collateral Activities
Counterproliferation of weapons of mass Coalition support

destruction (CPWMD)
Combat search and rescue (CSAR)
Combatting terrorism (CBT)
Counterdrug (CD) activities
Foreign internal defense (FID)
Countermine (CM) activities
Special reconnaissance (SR)
Humanitarian assistance (HA)
Direct action (DA)
Security assistance (SA)
Psychological Operations (PSYOP)
Special activities
Civil Affairs (CA)
Unconventional warfare (UW)
Information operations (IO)
Figure 1-2. ARSOF Missions and Collateral Activities
DOCTRINAL PRINCIPLES
1-6. C4 support to ARSOF must be—
• Global. SOF C4 systems span the full range of diverse SO missions
worldwide. They make maximum use of existing national capabilities,
as well as commercial, tactical, and host nation (HN) assets. Access to
the infosphere is available at the lowest possible tactical level.
• Secure. Employment of SOF C4 systems involves the use of the latest
technology procedures and National Command Authorities (NCA)-
approved ciphers and devices that prevent exploitation by the enemy.
• Mission-tailored. SOF C4 systems deploy relative to the projected
operational environment, information-transfer requirements, threat,
and mission analysis.
• Value-added. SOF C4 systems never compromise a unit on the ground,
in the air, or at sea. Flexibility and interoperability of C4 systems
substantially increase the fighting effectiveness of the SOF warrior.
Older systems have a hierarchical architecture. Today, however,
communications architectures produce direct lines of communications
necessary for SOF missions.
• Jointly interoperable. SOF C4 systems are interoperable by design,
adapting to varying C2 structures. They support operations with joint,
multinational, and interagency forces.
1-7. The following planning considerations incorporate C4 doctrinal
principles:
• SOF primary communications must be digital.
1-3
FM 3-05.10.1
• C4 support must depend on national systems to the maximum extent

possible.
• Access to the infosphere must be at the lowest possible tactical level.
• Communications systems must be seamless.
ARCHITECTURAL TENETS
1-8. ARSOF must be able to communicate anywhere and at any time
worldwide using national, theater, and ARSOF communications assets.
The doctrinal principles and planning considerations are the building blocks
for an operational architecture that guides C4 strategy. The architectural
tenets for SOF C4 systems provide SOF operators seamless, robust, and
automated C4 systems, using the full frequency spectrum while making sure
the systems comply with established standards. Implementation of these
tenets eliminates traditional geographical, procedural, and technical
boundaries. The infosphere allows SOF elements to operate with any force
combination in multiple environments. The following is an explanation of the
architectural tenets:
• Seamless. Digital SOF C4 systems are transparent to the warrior
and support every phase of the mission profile—in garrison, in transit
and while deployed. Multiple entry points into the infosphere,
high-speed networks, and worldwide connectivity are critical elements
of this tenet.
• Robust. Robust networks feature multiple routing, alternative sources
of connectivity, bandwidth on demand, and modularity and scalability.
Multiple routing and alternative sources of connectivity prevent single
points of failure and site isolation. Bandwidth on demand, providing
automatic network reconfiguration, is available for garrison locations
via SCAMPI (see Appendix A) and for tactical SOF. (NOTE: SCAMPI is
not an acronym.) SOF missions dictate the use of independent modules
that can be arranged or rearranged as required. These independent
modules provide building blocks of operational capability.
• Automated. SOF C4 systems must facilitate the exchange of digital
data and implement advanced automation techniques to reduce
operator manning and to exploit unattended operation. Achieving a
fully automated architecture requires—
Simplified standard human-computer interfaces.
Standard data elements.
Distributed interactive databases.
Local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs).
Digital switching nodes combined with dynamic bandwidth.
Client and server environment.
Full automation facilitates the exchange of information with all players
in the mission, including elements of a joint force, other SOF
components, a wide range of intelligence sources, national information
sources, the Services, and multinational forces. Networking technology
of the LAN and the WAN is the cornerstone of a digital, seamless nodal
1-4
FM 3-05.10.1
architecture that provides transparent connectivity at all echelons.

Radio technology development must include automatic link
establishment (ALE) and low probability of intercept or detection
(LPI/D) for many mission profiles.
• Full spectrum. SOF C4 systems must use the entire frequency
spectrum for information transfer. Blending the SO missions in with an
HN environment or working around frequency congestion may enhance
many of the SO missions. ARSOF must be in a position to use not only
emerging technology but also technology outside traditional high
frequency (HF) and man-portable satellite systems.
• Standards compliant. SOF C4 systems must adhere to commercial,
international, federal, and Department of Defense (DOD) hardware
and software standards. Adherence to DOD C4 standards ensures a
capability to interchange hardware and software products plus
interface and exchange data, through the infosphere, with all
organizations that support or require SOF. Compliance is a
requirement in the following areas:
Commercial off-the-shelf equipment.
Operations security.
Security and survivability.
Standard visual displays.
Interchangeable, modular, tailorable hardware.
Standard software applications.
1-5
Chapter 2
Theater Communications
When the NCA authorize military operations, the geographical
commander in chief (CINC) organizes his theater to integrate his unified
operations with multinational and interagency activities. SOF
permanently based in theater are under COCOM of the CINC. The CINC
normally exercises operational control (OPCON) of all assigned SOF
through the theater SOC. The geographical CINC may, however, choose
to exercise OPCON of SOF through other subordinate commanders. The
theater communications system (TCS) is a hybrid network of theater
Army Forces (ARFOR), Air Force Forces (AFFOR), Navy Forces
(NAVFOR), Marine Forces (MARFOR), and SOC Forces. These assets
interconnect under the direction and management of the CINC or
commander, joint task force (COMJTF) command, control, and
communications (C3) systems directorate (J6).
THEATER COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACES TO DOD NETWORKS

2-1. The TCS provides several communications interfaces to DOD networks.
These interfaces enable the units in theater to communicate anywhere in the
world. Following is a list of interfaces to DOD networks:
• Automatic digital network (AUTODIN). AUTODIN is the principal,
long-haul, DOD automatic digital network. It provides message
switching for the transmission of record data traffic on a store-and-
forward basis between AUTODIN switching centers, tactical message-
switching equipment, and fixed or transportable subscriber terminals.
• Defense Message System (DMS). The DMS will replace AUTODIN as
the DOD message-switching standard. DMS consists of all the
hardware, software, procedures, standards, facilities, and personnel
used to exchange messages electronically among organizations and
individuals within the DOD. The ultimate goal is to service all DOD
users with an automated desktop writer-to-reader message system
using the Defense Information Systems Network (DISN) as its
transmission medium.
• Defense Switched Network (DSN). The DSN is the principal common-
user, switched, nonsecure voice communications network within the
Defense Communications System (DCS) that provides long-haul voice
communications. Tactical subscribers usually gain common-user,
circuit-switched access to DSN through the TCS.
• DISN. The DISN consists of threefold Internet Protocol (IP) Router
Networks separated by classification level. These networks are N-level
(unclassified but sensitive) Internet Protocol Router Network
2-1
FM 3-05.10.1
(NIPRNET), the Secret Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNET),

and the Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System
(JWICS). Tactical subscribers gain access to the DISN through
the TCS.
• Defense Red Switched Network (DRSN). The DRSN provides worldwide
command, control, and intelligence multilevel precedence and secure
voice service, including conferencing and interfacing with other
networks. DRSN allows users to conduct secure conversations and data
exchange, up to and including Top Secret and sensitive compartmented
information (SCI) classification levels.
• Global command and control system (GCCS) or Army global command
and control system (AGCCS). The GCCS replaced the Worldwide
Military Command and Control System (WWMCCS). It incorporates
the core planning and assessment tools required by combatant
commanders and their subordinate joint forces commanders. The
GCCS meets the readiness support requirements of the Services as
well. It is the principal migration path for defense-wide C2 systems
using open systems standards and commercial off-the-shelf and
government off-the-shelf components. The SIPRNET provides
connectivity between GCCS sites.
• Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS). The DSCS is the key
DOD high-capacity transcontinental transmission system, providing
long-haul service between the continental United States (CONUS) and
various locations outside the continental United States (OCONUS).
Operating in extremely high frequency (EHF) and super high
frequency (SHF) bands, the space and associated ground segments
provide critical strategic connectivity and directly support the ground
mobile forces. The DSCS normally provides theater access to the DCS.
• Standard Tactical Entry Point (STEP). STEP sites are multifunction
access points for multichannel satellite communications (SATCOM).
Located at major defense communications hubs, STEP sites are
controlled by the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA). The DISA
Washington is responsible for all CONUS STEP sites. Each area DISA
controls its own STEP. Although the DISA controls access to the STEP
sites, users must still receive permission from the Regional Space
Support Center (RSSC) Washington before accessing the satellite link to
the STEP site. STEP sites provide access to the SIPRNET, the
NIPRNET, AUTODIN messaging, and the DSN telephone system.
Access by the tactical user to the JWICS may be available at STEP sites.
2-2. During a contingency operation or crisis, the NCA and the supported
CINC must have C2 links to the deployed joint task force (JTF) headquarters.
In turn, the deployed JTF commander must have the information needed to
accomplish the mission and to sustain the forces.
2-3. The primary means of extending services from the strategic Defense
Information Infrastructure (DII) to a deployed JTF is through connectivity
into a DII entry point using the SATCOM terminals of ground mobile forces
(GMF) and the DSCS constellation of satellites. Tri-band terminals and
2-2
FM 3-05.10.1
leased commercial satellites may also provide connectivity. Figure 2-1 depicts
how tactical and strategic communications systems interface.
THEATER SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND

2-4. Theater SOCs are the geographical CINCs’ sources of expertise in all
areas of SO, providing the CINCs with a separate headquarters to plan and
control the employment of joint SOF in military operations. Theater SOCs
normally exercise operational control of SOF (less CA and PSYOP) within
each geographical CINC’s area of responsibility. When a CINC creates a JTF,
the SOCs provide the nucleus for establishing a JSOTF. The theater SOC
commander is normally the theater Joint Force Special Operations
Component Commander (JFSOCC). The six SOCs (Figure 2-2, page 2-4)
supporting geographical CINCs worldwide are—
• U.S. Joint Forces Command (USJFCOM).
• Special Operations Command Central (SOCCENT).
• Special Operations Command Europe (SOCEUR).
• Special Operations Command Pacific (SOCPAC).
• Special Operations Command Korea (SOCKOR).
• Special Operations Command South (SOCSOUTH).
Figure 2-1. Strategic and Tactical Systems Interfacing
2-3
FM 3-05.10.1
Figure 2-2. Theater SOCs
SOF THEATER COMMUNICATIONS ASSETS

2-5. The theater SOC identifies C4 requirements to the geographical CINC.
The geographical CINC has three options available to support SOF
communications requirements:
• Task theater assets to fulfill the requirement.
• Initiate action to acquire assets from the ARSOF Signal Battalion (A).
• Initiate action to acquire assets from the Joint Communications
Support Element (JCSE).
THEATER ARMY COMMUNICATIONS COMMAND

2-6. During war, the Theater Army Communications Command has OPCON
over the Army signal organizations supporting the theater Army and its
component commands. In this role, the signal command is responsible for all
in-theater Army communications that are not organic to Army corps and
smaller sized units. The Theater Army Communications Command operates
and maintains in-theater Army DII facilities (and in some cases, joint
facilities) that are, in turn, under the management control of the local DISA
field command. Communications below Army level are organic to the
supported command (corps, division, or separate brigade).
THE ARSOF SIGNAL BATTALION (A)

2-7. The ARSOF Signal Battalion (A) globally deploys to provide robust,
flexible, secure communications support up to two theater SOCs
simultaneously. It is the only AC signal unit specifically dedicated to support
deployed JSOTFs and ARSOTFs. For further discussion of the ARSOF Signal
Battalion (A), see Chapter 3 of this manual.
2-4
FM 3-05.10.1
JCSE
2-8. The JCSE is a unique communications organization under the OPCON
of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS). Headquartered at MacDill Air
Force Base (AFB), Florida, the JCSE consists of an AC element and two Air
National Guard Joint Communications Support Squadrons (JCSSs). The
JCSE’s primary mission is to provide communications support for two
simultaneously deployed JTFs and two JSOTFs.
2-9. The JCSE possesses a wide range of tactical communications
capabilities tailored to meet a variety of contingency missions. The unit has
personnel from all the Services, as well as a wide array of tactical and
commercial communications equipment. The JCSE is the primary, rapid-
response, long-haul communications unit available to theater commanders
worldwide. It establishes tactical connectivity into the DII and between the
CINC and his components or between the CINC and a JTF commander.
2-10. The JCSE maintains a high state of readiness. Small elements of
personnel and equipment can deploy in 24 hours. Larger communications
packages can deploy worldwide in 72 hours. The time elapsed from
notification to deployment is primarily a function of the requesting
command’s planning time lines and the availability of sufficient air transport
to move JCSE equipment and personnel to the contingency location. JCSE
mission support packages vary from small lightweight manpacked equipment
carried by airborne-qualified quick-reaction teams, to full JTF headquarters
communications packages containing truck-mounted, high-capacity
transmission and switching equipment.
2-11. JCSE assistance is short-term in nature and fills critical needs until
other assets are in place. The JCSE deploys under a CJCS-directed 45-day
time limit, which maintains the CJCS’s strategic response capability. If
circumstances warrant, the geographical CINC, under approval of the CJCS,
may request an extension to this time limit.
THEATER COMMUNICATIONS FOR THE JSOTF

2-12. The Joint Force Command (JFC) J6 establishes a joint communications
control center (JCCC) to manage and control the TCS network. The JCCC
establishes and promulgates the plans, policies, and procedures to
implement, monitor, direct, and control the TCS. Each Service component
establishes a similar staff to interface with the JCCC.
2-13. The JFC provides the communications link, including equipment, from
the JTF to the JSOTF headquarters. The ARSOF Signal Battalion (A)
provides connectivity into the DII to satisfy the requirements for secure voice
and data between the JSOTF and the sustaining base architecture. It also
provides the link from the JSOTF headquarters to the JSOTF component
commands’ headquarters.
2-14. Integration of JSOTF communications with the DII and the TCS is
critical. It requires ARSOF Signal Battalion (A) coordination with the SOC
J6, JTF JCCC, the Service Component Command communications officer,
and the DISA. The ARSOF Signal Battalion (A) provides signal planners as
liaison or augments the JSOTF J6 and the JTF JCCC. In addition, the
2-5
FM 3-05.10.1
battalion provides signal planners who form the nucleus of the JSOTF JCCC.
The JSOTF JCCC serves as the single control agency for the management
and technical direction of the JSOTF communications network. These staff
signal officers and noncommissioned officers plan and engineer the validated
communications requirements of the Commander, Joint Special Operations
Task Force (COMJSOTF). The JSOTF JCCC also minimizes disruption of
services to JSOTF subscribers and precludes duplication of effort by signal
units. These planners are crucial to maintaining COMJSOTF unity of effort
and operations tempo, while maximizing the use of limited resources.
2-15. The Army Service Component Command (ASCC) links the ARFOR
commander to the ARSOTF commander when deployed under a JTF.
This link between the ARFOR and the ARSOTF also provides
interconnectivity to the overall tactical TCS and the DII. The ARSOTF
normally establishes communications with subordinate elements using
organic assets or assets from the ASCC Signal Command. During certain
SOF contingency operations, the COMJSOTF may direct that the ARSOF
Signal Battalion (A) provide additional support to the ARSOTF when ASCC
assets are unavailable.
2-6
Chapter 3
The Army Special Operations Signal Battalion (Airborne)

The ARSOF Signal Battalion (A) ensures establishment of
communications among the unified commander, the JSOTF, and each of
the subordinate Service SOF component commands. It also ensures that
all communications are secure, robust, reliable, and flexible.
ORGANIZATION AND MISSION

3-1. The ARSOF Signal Battalion (A) consists of a headquarters and
headquarters company (HHC) and two signal operations companies
(Figure 3-1). Additionally, three forward signal detachments, supporting
SOCSOUTH, SOCPAC, and SOCKOR are assigned to the ARSOF Signal
Battalion (A). The signal detachment supporting SOCEUR is assigned to U.S.
Army, Europe, and is not part of the ARSOF Signal Battalion. (The “Germany
Signal Detachment” assigned to the ARSOF Signal Battalion [A] remains in
CONUS.) The signal detachment at MacDill AFB, Florida, supports SOCCENT.
Figure 3-1. Organization of ARSOF Signal Battalion (A)
3-2. The mission of the ARSOF Signal Battalion (A) is to provide operational
and tactical communications support to JSOTF commanders in support of
geographical CINCs’ deliberate plans and crisis action operations in up to two
3-1
FM 3-05.10.1
theaters simultaneously. The ARSOF Signal Battalion (A) can provide signal
force packages in support of ARSOF, as directed or as available.
CONCEPT OF EMPLOYMENT
3-3. Each signal operations company can provide—
• C2.
• Multichannel SATCOM.
• Voice and message switching.
• Communications center (COMCEN) services.
• Special operations communications assemblage (SOCA) single-channel
voice, data, and facsimile (fax) services.
3-4. Primary services provide access to Joint Deployable Intelligence
Support System (JDISS), GCCS, JWICS, SIPRNET, NIPRNET, Cable News
Network (CNN), tactical video teleconferencing (VTC), and other special
circuits for the force commander and staff.
3-5. Each signal operations company furnishes, installs, operates, and
maintains two full signal centers (SIGCENs) (normally at the JSOTF and
ARSOTF headquarters) and connectivity to the Navy Special Warfare Task
Group (NSWTG) and Air Force Special Operations Forces (AFSOF) or Joint
Special Operations Air Component Commander (JSOACC), when designated.
The primary means of long-haul connectivity in a mature theater, between
the various JSOTF headquarters, are multichannel satellite systems.
The ARSOF Signal Battalion (A) provides multichannel satellite connectivity
between the JSOTF headquarters, the JSOTF component headquarters, and
the DCS. Figures 3-2 and 3-3, page 3-3, illustrate initial and full theater
support, respectively. Each signal operations company has SOCA teams
equipped with transportable, single-channel, satellite, over-the-horizon, and
line-of-sight (LOS) combat net radio (CNR) systems. These systems satisfy
quick-reaction C2 and liaison secure-voice and data requirements. While
these assets are primarily intended to support the COMJSOTF and his
component commanders, they can support other SOF requirements as
directed or as available.
3-6. The switchboard section provides a message gateway system (MGS) at
the JSOTF and ARSOTF headquarters locations. The MGS provides digital,
large-volume, circuit-switched communications. It has analog to digital
conversion capability and can interface with the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) switching network. The MGS can supply service to a
myriad of telephone instruments, including the Secure Telephone Unit-III
(STU-III) and multimedia terminal (MMT). The MGS provides telephone and
data services for up to 190 local subscribers. The MGS can also extend up to
35 phones, trunks, and special circuits to line termination units (LTUs). Used
in conjunction with the multichannel satellite system, an LTU can extend
communications to a distant site. The MGS provides packet switching, flood-
search capability, and subscriber affiliation for tri-service tactical
communications (TRI-TAC) and is compatible with tactical, strategic, and
commercial switchboards.
3-2
FM 3-05.10.1
Figure 3-2. Initial Theater Support
Figure 3-3. Full Theater Support
3-3
FM 3-05.10.1
3-7. COMCEN teams provide over-the-counter (OTC) message service, up to

collateral Top Secret classification, at the JSOTF and ARSOTF headquarters
locations. Message switches, employed at the JSOTF and ARSOTF, provide
access to the worldwide record traffic system to the Navy and Air Force
Special Operations Base (AFSOB). The teams also extend SIPRNET and
NIPRNET access to computer workstations within a deployed headquarters.
3-8. Forward-deployed signal detachments support the theater SOCs with
crashout communications for no-notice, in-theater contingency operations.
These detachments provide an initial deployable JSOTF communications
support package consisting of signal operations C2, DCS entry, satellite
multichannel connectivity, telephone service, record traffic service, and
SOCA service. For an example of a crashout package, see Figure 3-4.
3-9. The ARSOF Signal Battalion (A) can transport all of its authorized
equipment with organic transportation assets in a single lift over land. To
coordinate movement by air, however, the ARSOF Signal Battalion (A)
requires external assistance from the theater SOCs and USASOC. The
equipment can operate from land bases versus from afloat. In addition, the
battalion provides organizational maintenance for ground equipment, direct
support (DS) maintenance for Army common signal equipment, and limited
DS maintenance on organic SO signal systems. The ASCC provides the Army
common repair parts on a nonreimbursable basis to ARSOF.
Figure 3-4. Example of a Crashout Package
COMMAND AND CONTROL

3-10. Upon entry into a theater, the deployed unit is normally under COCOM
of the supported geographical CINC. The supported JFSOCC exercises
OPCON of the unit. The ARSOTF commander normally exercises
administrative control. The JSOTF JCCC exercises technical control within
3-4
FM 3-05.10.1
the authority granted it by the JFSOCC and the JTF JCCC over the JSOTF
communications system. The battalion, if deployed, exercises command of its
subordinate elements within the JSOTF and maintains relationships as
outlined under the employment concept.
3-5
Chapter 4
Special Forces
SF make up a unique, unconventional combat arms organization. They
plan and conduct SO across the full range of military operations. Their
operations are normally theater-strategic and politically sensitive and
can affect the outcome of national strategies.
ORGANIZATION
4-1. The SFG(A) (Figure 4-1) constitutes the largest operational element of
ARSOF. The SFG(A) consists of an HHC, a support company, and three
battalions on the table of organization and equipment (TOE). The group
headquarters company provides routine administrative and logistics support
to the group headquarters. The group support company (GSC) provides
intelligence support, signal support, and combat service support (CSS) to the
command and its deployed teams.
Figure 4-1. SFG(A) Organization
4-1
FM 3-05.10.1
4-2. An SF battalion consists of a headquarters detachment, a support

company (with similar structure and function as a GSC), and two or more SF
companies. An SF company consists of a headquarters detachment and six
Special Forces operational detachments A (SFODAs).
4-3. The SFODA, composed of 12 men, is the primary SF operational unit.
The SFODA organizes, equips, trains, advises or directs, and supports
indigenous military or paramilitary forces in UW and FID operations.
Because of its unique organization, training, and equipment, the SFODA can
also conduct the other five SF missions (DA, SR, CBT, CPWMD, and IO).
A captain commands the SFODA, and a chief warrant officer serves as the
assistant commander. The detachment also has two noncommissioned officers
in each of the SF functional areas: weapons, engineer, medical,
communications, and operations. The redundant capabilities within an
SFODA allow the commander to employ his teams as either full or split
teams. SFODAs can operate independently or with indigenous forces within a
denied area. Additional SF or other SOF personnel may augment SFODAs to
conduct specific operations.
4-4. Support operations teams Alpha (SOTAs) are four-man, ground-based
signals intelligence (SIGINT) teams. Their mission is to conduct electronic
warfare support (ES) by monitoring the radio frequency (RF) spectrum for
information purposes in an SO environment. The teams may focus their
efforts on information collection for force protection purposes or on electronic
reconnaissance as directed by the supported SF commander. Six SOTAs are
organic to the group military intelligence detachment (MID) of the GSC.
4-5. Traffic analysis (TA) teams are elements of the technical control and
analysis element (TCAE) of the group MID that are task-organized and
deployed forward according to mission requirements. The TA team may be
attached to a forward operational base (FOB), an advanced operational base
(AOB), a special operations command and control element (SOCCE), or
another SF C2 element. The TA team may serve as a C2 node for deployed
SOTAs when the mission or environment prevents the SOTAs from
communicating directly with the TCAE. The TA team conducts immediate TA
of intercepted threat communications and provides information from that
analysis to the supported SF commander and the SOTA. The TA team also
forwards the intercept to the TCAE for more thorough analysis.
4-6. Mission requirements may dictate establishment of an SCI net between
the TCAE, the TA team, and deployed SOTAs. Every effort, however, should
be made to avoid this arrangement, as it requires the TA team to operate
from a tactical SCI facility (T-SCIF), which places a burden on the supported
SF commander. As long as reliable communications are maintained between
the TCAE and the TA team and SCI materials are not deployed forward
with the TA team, no requirement exists for an SCI communications net to
be established.
SF COMMUNICATIONS ELEMENTS
4-7. Each SFG(A) has a signal officer (S6) located in the group HHC and a
group signal detachment (SIGDET) located in the GSC. Each SF battalion
4-2
FM 3-05.10.1
has an S6 located in the battalion headquarters and battalion SIGDET

located in the battalion support company.
GROUP S6
4-8. The S6 is the principal staff officer for all matters concerning signal
operations, automation management, network management, and information
security. The S6 is responsible for four areas: communications-electronics
(CE), information management, frequency management, and communications
security (COMSEC):
• CE. The CE section plans signal operations, prepares the signal annex
to the operation order (OPORD), and recommends employment of
SFG(A) communications assets. The CE section makes sure redundant
signal means are available to pass time-sensitive command information
from collectors to processors. Along with the intelligence officer (S2)
and the operations officer (S3), the CE section supports electronic
warfare (EW) operations focusing on electronic protection. Electronic
protection is a subset of EW and must integrate with the overall
command and control warfare (C2W) effort. They also coordinate for
SCI communications requirements with the MID.
• Information management. The information management officer manages
the employment automation (hardware and software) supporting the
group and the group’s tactical LAN.
• Frequency management. The frequency manager prepares the group’s
signal operating instructions (SOIs) and assigns frequencies to
subordinate units.
• COMSEC. The COMSEC custodian—responsible for communications,
information, emission, and transmission security—also maintains the
group’s COMSEC account.
GROUP SIGDET, GSC

4-9. The group SIGDET (Figure 4-2, page 4-4) has four functions: base
communications support, base station operations, electronic maintenance,
and multimedia support. The base communications support section installs,
operates, and maintains continuous, secure internal Special Forces
operational base (SFOB) communications. It is responsible for
communications with higher, adjacent, lower, supported, and supporting
headquarters. The base station section can terminate communications for
deployed SFODs. The electronic maintenance section provides DS and limited
general support (GS) electronic maintenance on communications equipment.
The multimedia section provides video and still photography support for the
entire group, including acquisition, editing, and duplication services.
4-3
FM 3-05.10.1
Figure 4-2. Group SIGDET Organization

BATTALION S6
4-10. The battalion S6 is the principal staff officer for all matters concerning
signal operations, automation management, network management, and
information security at the battalion level. His duties are similar to the
group S6.
BATTALION SIGDET, BATTALION SUPPORT COMPANY

4-11. The battalion SIGDET mirrors the group SIGDET without the
multimedia section. Figure 4-3 shows the organization of the battalion
SIGDET.
Figure 4-3. Battalion SIGDET Organization
4-4
FM 3-05.10.1
CONCEPT OF EMPLOYMENT
4-12. When deployed, the group may establish an SFOB and up to three
FOBs. The SFOB is a C2 and a support base established and operated by an
SFG(A) from organic or attached resources. It is primarily a planning and
coordination center. From the SFOB, the SFG(A) provides C2 to three FOBs
and selected independent SFODAs for extremely sensitive or compartmented
missions. In addition to reachback and internal communications, the SFG(A)
must integrate and synchronize its operations with other SOF and theater
conventional operations. The SFOB can function as the headquarters for
either the Army component of the JSOTF or the ARSOTF.
4-13. When deployed, an SF battalion establishes an FOB. The FOB is a C2
and support base that may be subordinate to or independent of an SFOB. The
commander establishes an FOB to prepare, deploy, command, control,
support, and recover operational SF teams.
4-14. Employment of a Special Forces operational detachment B (SFODB) is
normally in one of three ways. An SFODB can establish an AOB, which is
usually small, light, and tailored to perform a specific mission or to extend
the C2 capabilities of the group or battalion. The SFODBs in the AOB role
may exercise C2 of up to six SFODAs. The SFODB can also establish a
SOCCE to colocate at an Army corps or Marine expeditionary force
headquarters to synchronize operations between ARSOF and conventional
forces. Finally, an SFODB can operate an isolation facility (ISOFAC) for
teams to conduct mission planning. An SFODB may require augmentation
from group or battalion assets to perform any of these missions.
4-15. When SOF operate with conventional Army forces, an SO C2 element
synchronizes operations and deconflicts actions between the SOF and
conventional force elements. Normally, a SOCCE supports an Army corps
and colocates with the corps tactical operations center (TOC). On the
emerging digitized battlefield, corps TOCs have the Army Tactical Command
and Control System (ATCCS) to provide a seamless flow of battlefield
information electronically to tactical commanders, corps and below. To
provide timely, effective coordination of operations between SOF and
conventional forces, the SOCCE requires command, control, and
communications systems and digital message formats that are compatible
with ATCCS, as well as with SOF-specific systems. The SOCCE is a C2
element that operates in a manner similar to a TOC. The SOCCE does not
perform mission planning for SOF operations, nor does it launch or recover
operational elements. The FOB or the SFOB performs these functions,
depending on the tactical situation. The SOCCE does, however, coordinate
these activities as part of its mission to synchronize and deconflict operations
between SOF and conventional forces.
4-16. Each SFG(A) and battalion commander normally organizes his
operational base into an operations center (OPCEN), a support center
(SPTCEN), and a SIGCEN. For information on base organization, refer to
FM 31-20.
4-5
FM 3-05.10.1
4-17. The S6 is the SIGCEN director. The SIGCEN director—

• Plans and manages command, control, communications, computers,
intelligence, and information (C4I2).
• Incorporates external assets into the C4 structure.
• Coordinates with OPCEN director on transmission authentication
procedures for deployed elements in accordance with Signal Audio
Visual Service Supplement (SAVSERSUP).
• Plans mission process in support of operations.
• Acts as point of contact for external units on communications.
4-18. The SIGDET commander—
• Installs, operates, and maintains organic C4 systems.
• Executes the communications plan formulated by the CE section.
• Reports system status to the SIGCEN director.
4-19. In a field environment, SFODA organic communications capabilities are
strictly CNR. Their capabilities include—
• Single-channel Demand Assigned Multiple Access (DAMA) and non-
DAMA ultra high frequency (UHF) SATCOM.
• HF single side band (SSB), ALE and LPI/D, and amplitude modulation
(AM) and frequency modulation (FM) LOS radio. (Appendix B discusses
ALE further.)
• Computer terminals that can exchange data and share resources as
part of a computer network.
4-20. The SFODA has two communications sergeants, but all team members
are cross-trained in communications. SOTAs and TA teams have
communications capabilities similar to those of the SFODA. Their
communications may, however, require processing at the Top Secret SCI
classification level.
4-21. The AOB communications capabilities include single-channel UHF
(DAMA and non-DAMA) SATCOM, HF SSB, ALE and LPI/D, and FM radios.
The AOB can serve as a terminating base station for C2 of deployed SFODAs.
Additionally, the SIGDETs can provide the augmentation communications
packages to the AOB.
4-22. The FOB communicates with other C2 nodes (base to base) using high-
bandwidth SHF multichannel TACSAT provided by the Special Operations
Forces Tactical Assured Connectivity System (SOFTACS). The FOB also uses
low-bandwidth single-channel UHF (DAMA and non-DAMA) SATCOM and
HF SSB ALE provided by the SOCA system.
4-23. The FOB communicates with its SFODAs, SFODBs, and SOTAs (base to
team) using the low-bandwidth HF, very high frequency (VHF),
and UHF communications assets provided by the joint base station (JBS).
The JBS provides—
• Two UHF DAMA SATCOM circuits.
4-6
FM 3-05.10.1
• Five HF circuits (four SSB/ALE and one SSB/ALE LPI/D).

• One VHF Single-Channel and Ground Airborne Radio System
(SINCGARS) net.
• The capability to store and forward electronic mail (E-mail).
• The capability to interface with a tactical LAN, mobile subscriber
equipment (MSE), and TRI-TAC or Army Battle Command System
(ABCS) network.
4-24. Figure 4-4 shows the JBS communications employment concept. For
more information on JBS, see Appendix C.
4-25. The SFOB also communicates with other C2 nodes using SHF
multichannel TACSAT provided by the SOFTACS or the communications
assets provided by the SOCA. The ARSOF Signal Battalion (A) or a theater-
based signal battalion coordinated between the SOC and the CINC J6 can
provide GMF SATCOM support. The SOFTACS provides the FOB and SFOB
with DSCS multichannel links to the JSOTF. An SHF tri-band (C, X, and Ku
band) system, the SOFTACS also provides high throughput commercial
circuits into the communications architecture. See Appendix D for more
information on SOFTACS.
Figure 4-4. JBS Communications Employment Concept
4-7
Chapter 5
Ranger Regiment
The Ranger regiment is specially organized, trained, and equipped to
provide the capability to deploy a credible military force quickly to any
region of the world. It can deploy by land, sea, and air infiltration and is
trained and equipped to perform light infantry missions throughout the
range of military operations.
ORGANIZATION
5-1. The Ranger regiment consists of an HHC and three battalions.
Figure 5-1 shows the organization of the Ranger regiment.
Figure 5-1. Organization of Ranger Regiment
RANGER COMMUNICATIONS ELEMENTS

5-2. The Ranger regiment has an S6 and a regimental signal detachment
located in the regimental headquarters. Each Ranger battalion has an S6 and
a battalion signal section located in the battalion HHC.
REGIMENTAL S6
security. He plans signal operations, prepares the signal annex to the
OPORDs, and recommends employment of Ranger communications assets.
He makes sure redundant signal means are available to pass time-sensitive
command information from collectors to processors. Along with the S2 and
5-1
FM 3-05.10.1
S3, he supports EW operations focusing on electronic protection (EP). He

supervises the regiment’s frequency manager and COMSEC custodian.
REGIMENTAL SIGNAL DETACHMENT

5-4. The regimental SIGDET is task-organized into two teams. Each team
can provide communications for a separate TOC. The regimental SIGDET
has a base station section and an electronic maintenance section.
BATTALION SIGNAL ELEMENTS

5-5. The Ranger battalions have an S6 and a small communications section.
The battalion S6 is the principal staff officer for all matters concerning signal
security at the battalion level. His duties are similar to the regimental S6.
The battalion signal sections are also task-organized into two teams, each
capable of supporting separate TOCs.
RANGER COMMUNICATIONS
5-6. The mission of the Ranger regiment has global rather than regional
orientation. It is not designed for long-term employment. Ranger
communications must be rapid and able to support airborne, air assault, and
infantry-type operations at all echelons. When supporting conventional
forces, the Ranger regiment provides a Ranger liaison element to the
supported headquarters. Other liaison capabilities, such as the Air Force
weather officer, tactical air control party (TACP), and theater airlift
liaison officer (TALO), are permanently assigned to the Ranger regiment.
Additional communications requirements are task-organized to meet each
mission profile.
5-7. Rangers rely heavily on external fire support. Ranger fire support
personnel train extensively on the employment of close air support, attack
helicopters, naval gunfire, AC-130 gunships, and artillery. Redundant and
reliable communications to these fire support platforms are essential.
5-8. Single-channel UHF SATCOM is the backbone of Ranger
communications for links among the headquarters, battalions, companies,
and detachments. Other capabilities include International Maritime
Satellite (INMARSAT), UHF/VHF/FM/AM radios, and HF SSB ALE and
LPI/D. The Ranger regiment does not have organic multichannel SATCOM
and must be augmented. Figure 5-2, page 5-3, shows the configuration of
Ranger communications.
5-2
FM 3-05.10.1
Figure 5-2. Ranger Organic Communications
5-3
Chapter 6
Army Special Operations Aviation Regiment

ARSOA supports other SOF units by planning and conducting special air
operations in all operational environments. Its specially organized,
trained, and equipped aviation units provide the JFSOCC with the
capability to infiltrate, resupply, and exfiltrate SOF elements engaged in
all core missions and collateral activities.
ORGANIZATION
6-1. The ARSOA Regiment (Figure 6-1, page 6-2) is the Army’s only special
operations aviation (SOA) unit. It consists of an HHC, an assault battalion,
an aviation support battalion (with two forward-deployed companies), and an
aviation battalion (with one forward-deployed company). The ARSOA
Regiment has SO rotary-wing aircraft, including the AH/MH-6J Cayuse, the
MH-60L/K Blackhawk and Defensive Armed Penetrator (DAP), and the
MH-47D/E Chinook.
ARSOA COMMUNICATIONS ELEMENTS

6-2. The ARSOA Regiment has an S6 and a CE section located in the
regiment HHC. In addition, each aviation battalion has an S6 and a
CE section.
REGIMENTAL S6 AND CE SECTION

operations, network management, and information security. He heads a
small CE section that plans signal operations, prepares the signal annex to
the OPORDs, recommends employment of ARSOA communications assets,
and supports EW operations focusing on EP. The CE section includes the
regiment’s frequency manager and the regiment’s only COMSEC custodian.
The CE section mans a fixed-site base station at the regimental
headquarters. The base station may be augmented by the battalion CE
section as necessary. The regiment has a separate automatic data processing
(ADP) section for information management on the regiment staff that falls
directly under the executive officer.
BATTALION SIGNAL ELEMENTS

6-4. The ARSOA battalions have an S6 and a small CE section. The
battalion S6 is the principal staff officer for all matters concerning signal
security at the battalion level. His duties are similar to the regiment S6 with
the exception of COMSEC. The battalion CE section personnel can deploy
with a forward element or augment the fixed-site base station at the
regimental headquarters. All the separate forward-deployed companies have
a small communications section of several soldiers.
6-1
FM 3-05.10.1
Figure 6-1. ARSOA Organization
6-2
FM 3-05.10.1
TASK FORCE ORGANIZATIONS

6-5. ARSOA units plan, conduct, and support SO missions unilaterally or
jointly in all theaters and at all levels of conflict. To accomplish this mission,
ARSOA units are task-organized according to the supported unit, the theater
of operations, and expected missions. These organizations normally form
around a battalion. The ARSOA task force supports a specific mission based
on mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time
available, and civil considerations (METT-TC). Its size can range from as
small as two or three helicopters to support a team to a battlion-plus-sized
element supporting a battalion.
COMMAND AND CONTROL ORGANIZATIONS

6-6. ARSOA may be task-organized under a JFC commander, a joint force
air component commander (JFACC), a JFSOCC, a JSOACC, or an ARSOTF.
Doctrinally, ARSOA is never under OPCON or tactical control to conventional
forces. It is normally under OPCON to a JSOACC or JSOTF. The following
clarifies ARSOA’s C2 relationships.
• JFC. ARSOA normally does not come under the direct control of a
JFC commander as such control may encumber ARSOA’s ability to
support SOF.
• JFACC. The JFACC is the Service component commander who has the
preponderance of air assets to be used and the ability to C2 these
assets. The JFC designates the JFACC. When under OPCON to the
JFACC, ARSOA loses its identity as a SOF asset and does not support
SOF ground forces.
• JFSOCC. The JFSOCC is the functional SOF component commander
with the preponderance of SOF and the requisite C2 capabilities within
the joint force. OPCON of ARSOA by the JFSOCC is usually
delegated to the JSOACC or placed under OPCON to the SOF
ground commander.
• JSOACC. The JSOACC is the JFSOCC Service commander who either
has the preponderance of the aviation force or is most capable of
controlling special air operations within a given environment. The
JSOACC is designated by the JFSOCC. He is the single air manager.
The JSOACC allocates ARSOA to SOF missions as required to support
JFSOCC missions.
• ARSOTF. If ARSOA is under the OPCON of an ARSOTF, the command
relationship is normally OPCON.
LIAISON REQUIREMENTS
6-7. Liaison support is on an as-required basis. ARSOA liaison officers
(LNOs) can perform the following:
• Joint special operations liaison element (JSOLE). The JSOLE is a

special staff provided to the JFACC or appropriate Service component
air C2 element. The purpose of the JSOLE is to synchronize SOF air
and ground efforts with joint air operations. The JSOLE chief works
6-3
FM 3-05.10.1
directly for the JFSOCC. The JSOLE effects any required coordination
with the ARSOA unit and conversely provides the conduit for the
ARSOA unit to coordinate requirements, airspace, and deconfliction.
• Joint search and rescue center (JSRC). ARSOA support to the JSRC
occurs when the JSOLE and JSRC are not colocated at the JFACC.
Normally, the ARSOA LNO at the JSOLE can cover both requirements
when colocated. The LNO will coordinate and deconflict ARSOA assets
allocated to the JSRC force.
• JFSOCC. The configuration of the ARSOA LNO cell is based upon the
mission, the number of aircraft, and the intensity of the operation. The
ARSOA LNO coordinates mission support with the supported unit and
deconflicts airspace requirements. The ARSOA LNO also provides
expertise to the JSOTF commander on the tactical employment of
aviation assets.
• ARSOTF. LNO support to the ARSOTF is according to the mission and
C2 relationship between the ARSOTF and the ARSOA unit. If ARSOA
is in support by command, and control is retained by a JSOTF or
higher, then the LNO is primarily responsible for providing tactical
and technical advice and facilitating coordination with the supporting
ARSOA assets. The higher headquarters that retained C2 of the
ARSOA force provides airspace coordination and deconfliction. If the
ARSOA force is under OPCON or attached to the ARSOTF, then an
LNO cell forms to provide advice and to effect the airspace coordination
and deconfliction. Establishing the links between the Airspace Control
Authority and the LNO cell is very important in properly integrating
the ARSOTF’s airspace requirements within the area of operations.
• SF FOB. LNO support to an FOB is similar to the support provided to
an ARSOTF. If an FOB is part of an ARSOTF or JSOTF, the FOB
addresses its aviation concerns to the LNO in the ARSOTF or JSOTF.
The C2 relationship of the ARSOA unit determines the level of LNO
support. If ARSOA supports the FOB, it may provide an LNO for the
duration of the mission. If the ARSOA unit is under OPCON or
attached, then a cell forms to provide advice and to effect the airspace
coordination and deconfliction.
• SF SOCCE. The SOCCE should address its aviation concerns to the
ARSOA LNO in the JSOTF or FOB. The mission of the SOCCE is to
synchronize SF missions with the supported conventional force
command post. An ARSOA LNO should be available at limited times at
the SOCCE level. Generally, the SOCCE requests an LNO when—
The SOCCE has OPCON of the majority of the forward-deployed
SFODAs.
ARSOA LNO support at the FOB, ARSOTF, JSOTF, or JSOLE
is not in a position to enhance coordination in the SOCCE’s area
of operations.
6-4
FM 3-05.10.1
ARSOA COMMUNICATIONS
6-8. ARSOA communications must support covert aircraft communications
both air-to-air and air-to-ground for C2, mission deconfliction, and mission
support to SOF units. Figure 6-2 depicts the C2 networks of a deployed
ARSOA task force. The location of the JSOACC depends on the command
relationship between the supporting and supported units.
6-9. Capabilities of the regimental headquarters’ fixed-site base station
include UHF single-channel SATCOM, HF (ALE and LPI/D), and VHF or FM
radio. The regiment can also establish a forward element with the same
capabilities if augmented with one SOCA team from the ARSOF Signal
Battalion (A).
Figure 6-2. ARSOA Communications
6-5
FM 3-05.10.1
6-10. ARSOA aircraft employ multiband SATCOM, single-channel UHF

SATCOM, HF burst and data, and AM and FM LOS radios that are
interoperable with supported SOF units. ARSOA does not have organic GMF
SATCOM assets and requires augmentation by the ARSOF Signal Battalion
(A) or a theater-based signal unit.
6-11. Additionally, ARSOA does not have the organic communications
personnel or equipment to establish a headquarters at a remote location. This
situation also requires augmentation from the ARSOF Signal Battalion (A) or
a theater-based signal unit. Figure 6-3 depicts the minimum communications
support package for establishing a remote site.
Figure 6-3. Communications Requirements for ARSOA at Remote Location
6-6
Chapter 7
Civil Affairs
CA units provide the commander an important tool to assist in planning
and executing civil-military operations (CMO). CMO encompass the
activities military commanders take to establish and maintain relations
between their forces and the civil authorities, general population,
resources, and institutions in friendly, neutral, or hostile areas where their
forces are employed. CA units are designed to provide support to SOF and
conventional forces at the tactical, operational, and strategic levels. (Refer
to FM 41-10, Civil Affairs Operations.)
ORGANIZATION
7-1. The majority of the Army’s CA units are in the USAR. The Army’s AC CA
battalion can rapidly deploy one of its four regionally aligned CA companies to
meet initial CA support requirements, with transition to USAR units beginning
as soon as Presidential Selected Reserve Call-up (PSRC) or mobilization
permits. When deployed, CA forces attach to the supported maneuver
command.
CA COMMANDS
7-2. The USACAPOC has four regionally aligned USAR commands. These
commands plan, manage, and conduct CA activities that support the
geographical CINCs.
CA BRIGADES
7-3. CA brigades support the corps, theater support command, Theater Army
Area Commands, and designated JTFs. They are the lowest level unit with
representation of all 16 CA functional specialties.
CA BATTALIONS
7-4. CA has two types of battalions: the CA battalion and the CA battalion,
SO. There are currently 24 USAR and 1 active duty CA battalions and 4 USAR
CA battalions (SO). The CA battalions are responsible for planning and
conducting CA activities in support of military operations for a division,
separate brigade, or JTF of comparable size. The active duty CA battalion
provides immediate operational access to regionally aligned companies while
the USAR CA battalions provide regionally aligned follow-on forces able to
sustain planning, operations, and coordination. They include functional area
specialists in public administration, dislocated civilian matters, civilian supply,
public communications, public health, and public works and utilities. SO
7-1
FM 3-05.10.1
battalions support the theater SOC, the JSOTF, and the SFG(A) headquarters.
They can also provide support to conventional forces as required.
CA COMMUNICATIONS
7-5. CA units have SINCGARS radios and computer terminals capable of
exchanging data and sharing resources as part of a computer network, but are
otherwise limited in their organic military and nonmilitary communication and
data transmittal equipment. CA units require all other communications
support from supported units or from commercial sources. CA personnel must
be able to communicate by both secure and nonsecure means: communications
with nonmilitary organizations require telephonic and broadband multimedia
capabilities.
CA COMMUNICATIONS NODES
7-6. CA forces normally operate from as many as three primary locations and
many secondary sites:
• A CMO cell within or near the main command post (CP). It coordinates
current operations, plans, and technical support.
• A CMO cell within or near the rear CP. It coordinates foreign nation
support, dislocated civilian operations, and transition planning.
• One or more civil-military operations centers (CMOCs). These

coordinate requests for assistance from government organizations,
nongovernmental organizations, international organizations, and
civilians.
• Various nonmilitary locations where CA liaison duties or planning

expertise are required.
CA INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
7-7. CA units may use the Civil Affairs Data Base (CADB) as a repository for
CA assessment, area studies, and other mission-related information. The CADB
resides on one of the Psychological Operations Automated System (POAS) file
servers located at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. The system provides CA teams
the capability to download pertinent mission information before deployment or
through a remote, dial-in capability. Deployed teams can also provide input to
the CADB through remote replication to the file server.
7-2
Chapter 8
Psychological Operations
PSYOP forces plan and execute the JFC’s PSYOP activities at the
strategic, operational, and tactical levels; support SO missions; and
conduct PSYOP in support of consolidation missions. This support ranges
from area and target analysis, product development, and media
production at the strategic and operational levels to information
collection and product dissemination at the lowest tactical level.
ORGANIZATION
8-1. The majority of the Army’s PSYOP forces are in the USAR. The AC POG
(Figure 8-1) plans and conducts PSYOP activities and implements them
worldwide in support of unified commanders, coalition forces, or other
government agencies as directed. The AC POG (A) consists of four regional
support battalions, a tactical PSYOP battalion (TPB), and a dissemination
battalion. The two USAR POGs consist of a mixture of tactical, dissemination,
and enemy prisoner of war battalions. See FM 33-1, Psychological Operations,
for further organization of PSYOP units.
Figure 8-1. Organization of the AC POG (A)
8-1
FM 3-05.10.1
REGIONAL PSYOP BATTALION

8-2. The orientation of the regional PSYOP battalions is toward four of the
major combatant commands: Southern Command, European Command,
Central Command, and Pacific Command. The regional PSYOP battalions
provide peacetime PSYOP support in coordination with U.S. ambassadors,
country teams, and other U.S. Government agencies. They also provide
contingency and wartime PSYOP support to both SOF and conventional forces
in their respective areas of operations. A regional PSYOP battalion consists of a
headquarters and support company (HSC) and PSYOP development centers
(PDCs). A PDC consists of four detachments responsible for plans and
programs, product development, testing and evaluation, and target audience
analysis. The PDC develops audio, visual, and audiovisual products in support
of a geographical CINC’s campaign plan, U.S. country teams, other government
agencies, coalition partners, and international organizations.
TACTICAL PSYOP BATTALION

8-3. The TPB provides short-notice tactical PSYOP support to deployed corps-
sized units and below. It can also support select SO or conventional JTFs. The
TPB provides the geographical CINCs and CONUS-based rapid deployment
forces a responsive, linguistically capable, and culturally attuned tactical
PSYOP force. Each of the battalion’s companies focuses on a specific theater
and aligns with specific units. The TPB supports corps-level JTFs and units. It
assigns its subordinate tactical PSYOP companies (TPCs) to support division-
sized units. Each TPC has one tactical PSYOP development detachment
(TPDD) and three tactical PSYOP detachments (TPDs). The TPDs provide
tactical PSYOP support to brigade-sized units. Each TPD consists of three
tactical PSYOP teams (TPTs), which provide planning and dissemination
support to battalion-sized units.
PSYOP DISSEMINATION BATTALION

8-4. The AC and USAR PSYOP dissemination battalions produce, distribute,
and disseminate print, audio, and audiovisual products and provide
communications and electronic maintenance in support of regional and
worldwide PSYOP forces. The AC dissemination battalion has an HSC, a print
company, a broadcast company, and a PSYOP support (signal) company. The
USAR dissemination battalion has one print company, one broadcast company,
and a separate strategic dissemination company. The PSYOP support (signal)
company provides all levels of C2 communications, as well as PSYOP product
distribution using common military communications assets and SOF-unique,
military-compatible SATCOM.
PSYOP COMMUNICATIONS ELEMENTS

8-5. The POG has an S6 who heads the information management section. In
addition, the dissemination battalion supports all of the group’s production and
communications requirements.
8-6. The PSYOP Group S6 is the principal staff officer for all matters
concerning signal operations, automation management, network management,
and information security. The S6 plans signal operations, prepares the signal
8-2
FM 3-05.10.1
annex to OPORDs, and recommends employment of PSYOP communications

assets. He coordinates with theater J6 elements to integrate PSYOP signal
assets into existing theater C4I architectures. The S6 makes sure adequate and
redundant signal means are available to pass time-sensitive command
information and to distribute PSYOP products from intelligence collectors to
PSYOP developers to PSYOP disseminators. Along with the S2 and S3, the S6
supports EW operations, focusing on EP. The S6 supervises the element’s
frequency manager and COMSEC custodian.
8-7. The PSYOP Group Information Management Section under the S6
procures all automation equipment and manages classified and unclassified
networks. The information management officer (IMO) is responsible for the
operation, maintenance, mission readiness, and capability of the POAS, an
automated repository of PSYOP studies and regional analyses. The IMO also
maintains secure and nonsecure web pages pertaining to PSYOP operations,
intelligence, analyses, and products. The section also provides maintenance and
software support to assigned and attached PSYOP units.
8-8. The mission of the PSYOP support (signal) company is to—

• Provide tactical and operational C4 and electronic PSYOP distribution
in support of the AC POG (A) and worldwide PSYOP forces.
• Provide organizational maintenance in support of the PSYOP tactical
communications equipment.
• Manage the COMSEC account.
8-9. The print company supports the deployed PSYOP forces. It—
• Produces, in high volume at the heavy print facility, printed products
(leaflets, newspapers, magazines, books, posters) to be transported to
supported commands for dissemination.
• Deploys globally up to three light and three modular print systems
with operators or up to three platoons capable of operating local
national or HN printing equipment or any combination thereof,
simultaneously, as required.
8-10. The broadcast company provides media production and broadcast support
to the deployed PSYOP forces. It provides the personnel needed for routine staff
functions for the fixed media production center and the deployed media
production and broadcast teams. The broadcast company—
• Provides broadcast-quality video and audio PSYOP products
for worldwide dissemination to deployed media production and
broadcast personnel.
• Deploys electronic news-gathering teams with mobile editing
equipment capable of producing high-quality audio and video products.
• Deploys media production and broadcast personnel who can operate
local national or HN media production and broadcast facilities.
• Deploys media production and broadcast personnel to support airborne
or seaborne broadcast platforms.
• Deploys mobile television broadcast facilities, including power-
generation equipment.
8-3
FM 3-05.10.1
• Deploys frequency-agile, mobile AM, FM, and shortwave (SW)

radio stations, including their supporting antenna and power-
generation equipment.
PSYOP COMMUNICATIONS
8-11. The goal of communications support to PSYOP missions is to make sure
C4I and product distribution assets are available to CONUS-based
and -deployed PSYOP forces. Achieving this goal allows the AC POG (A) to
reduce the footprint of personnel and equipment forward in the theater of
operations. The communications architecture necessary to support the forward-
deployed PSYOP forces is known as reachback. Under ideal conditions,
reachback allows PSYOP commanders to reduce the number of people deployed
overseas. Those personnel deployed plan, coordinate, and disseminate PSYOP
products. Under this concept, many of the PDC personnel remain at Fort
Bragg, North Carolina, where they can—
• Operate in their state-of-the-art facilities.
• Access intelligence readily from various sources.
• Develop PSYOP products based on mission requirements.
• Distribute the products to deployed PSYOP forces for dissemination in
the theater of operations.
8-12. The current Area Common User System (ACUS) does not provide
sufficient bandwidth to support reachback. Current and emerging
technologies—both military and commercial, including the PSYOP product
distribution system (PDS) and the Global Broadcast Service (GBS)—will
support the reachback concept by providing secure, digital communications
paths for transferring PSYOP products between Fort Bragg, North Carolina,
and deployed PSYOP units (Figure 8-2, page 8-5). The establishment of these
communications pathways must be coordinated in advance with the CINC J6
and integrated into the theater communications plan. This effort is critical to
the success of the PSYOP mission. If these paths are not coordinated,
established, or large enough to distribute PSYOP products adequately within
the theater or back to Fort Bragg, North Carolina, substantially more personnel
or equipment must be deployed to the theater to accomplish the PSYOP
mission. Lack of adequate communications capabilities also adversely affects
the timeliness and responsiveness of PSYOP support to the CINC. Reachback
testing is ongoing, focusing on compression techniques, approval processes, and
a communications architecture that will provide the most efficient use of
bandwidth for the distribution of PSYOP products.
8-4
FM 3-05.10.1
Figure 8-2. PDS Support of Reachback Concept
8-13. The current PSYOP communications architecture consists of INMARSAT,

TACSAT, SIPRNET, and secure phone (Figure 8-3, page 8-6). PSYOP forces use
the communications of the supported units whenever possible. Elements of the
TPBs have organic AM and FM radios or rely on teams from the PSYOP
support company for communications support. Current organic communications
capabilities include single-channel UHF SATCOM, INMARSAT, and AM and
FM radios. Figure 8-4, page 8-7, shows PSYOP communications links for C2.
8-14. In addition to C2 communications, PSYOP forces require communications
channels for the distribution of PSYOP products. Figure 8-5, page 8-8, shows
the communications links required for PSYOP product distribution. Because of
the high-bandwidth requirements for the distribution of broadcast-quality
video, audio, and print-quality graphics and data files, these links must be
capable of supporting daily transfers of 500 megabytes or more of data.
8-15. Current communications capabilities, in many cases, are insufficient to
support the high-bandwidth requirements for the distribution of PSYOP video,
audio, and data. Because sufficient communications capabilities are unavailable
to implement the communications architecture in Figure 8-5, the theater often
uses ground or air couriers to deliver PSYOP products physically to tactical
PSYOP units for dissemination. This technique often causes the PSYOP
products to be untimely and, consequently, ineffective. PSYOP forces must have
regular access to emerging technologies, such as Global Broadcast Satellite;
proliferation of fiber-optic cable and high-bandwidth technologies, including
Asynchronous Transfer Mode and Synchronous Optical Network; and high-
8-5
FM 3-05.10.1
bandwidth military and commercial satellite systems. These enable PSYOP

forces to plan and implement a more robust reachback capability for the
efficient distribution of PSYOP products.
Figure 8-3. PSYOP Communications Architecture Concept
8-16. The PDS, currently under development, will provide PSYOP forces an
organic, high-bandwidth-capable, secure and nonsecure, fully interoperable,
multichannel, tri-band SATCOM system for product distribution to link all
PSYOP elements on a real-time basis. The PDS will enable battlefield
commanders to receive timely, situation-specific PSYOP products, including
video production units to craft required products and disseminators to receive
and relay commercial broadcast-quality products quickly to the intended target
audience. To meet PSYOP requirements, the PDS must integrate into the
existing theater communications architecture. The basis of the PDS is the
existing Downsized Deployable Satellite Terminal (DDST), which is already in
use by SOF communications units.
8-17. PSYOP communications planners are studying a wide variety of

techniques to develop a single, flexible communications architecture for the
efficient, timely distribution of PSYOP products using the reachback concept.
The main capabilities required by the deployed PSYOP element to implement
reachback are—
• Access to the POAS.
• Access to the AC POG (A) web servers on SIPRNET and the USASOC
unclassified network.
8-6
FM 3-05.10.1
Figure 8-4. PSYOP C2 Architecture
8-7
FM 3-05.10.1
• Point-to-point file transfer.

• Access to SIPRNET and NIPRNET for file transfer and E-mail.
• Intertheater and intratheater distribution of PSYOP products.
• Integration of the PDS into the theater C4I architecture.
8-18. In addition to developing the communications links for PSYOP product

distribution, PSYOP communications planners are studying other
techniques to increase efficiency and to reduce bandwidth requirements. These
techniques include—
• Hardware and software data-compression techniques.
• Alternate and multiple concurrent communications means.
• Choice of software packages and file formats.
• Refinement of product distribution and approval requirements
and processes.
Figure 8-5. PSYOP Product Distribution Architecture
8-8
Chapter 9
Special Operations Support Command

The Special Operations Support Command (SOSCOM) is the parent unit
of the ARSOF Signal Battalion, the ARSOF Support Battalion, and the
Special Operations Materiel Management Center (MMC). SOSCOM
provides combat signal support and limited direct combat service support
to ARSOF.
ASSISTANT THEATER SIGNAL OFFICE

9-1. The Assistant Theater Signal Office (ATSO) falls under HHC, ARSOF
Signal Battalion, but functions as a signal brigade-level signal planning and
operations section for SOSCOM. The ATSO has a management section and
two planning sections and is the principal office for all SOSCOM signal
planning; automation, network, and frequency management; information
security; and special operations logistics communications doctrine. The ATSO
also performs these functions for other ARSOF forces when requested:
• Signal Planning. The ATSO planning sections conduct signal planning
and operations for all SOSCOM exercises or for up to two simultaneous
theaters of war. Planning includes signal operations, development of
Annex H (Signal) to OPORDs, and testing and evaluation of force
modernization signal equipment.
• Automation, network, and frequency management. The ATSO
management section is responsible for all SOSCOM automation
acquisition, upgrades, maintenance, and software/hardware
management. In concert with the planning teams, the management
section also develops recommended communications networks for
exercises and operations, and, as needed, assists the ARSOF Signal
Battalion’s system controller in their operational management and
control. The management section has two spectrum managers who
focus on planning and managing SOF EHF systems and frequency
deconfliction issues prior to and during operations.
• Information security. The ATSO follows USASOC policy on information
security and develops and monitors SOSCOM policy and procedures as
required. The ATSO also works with the COMSEC managers of the
ARSOF Signal Battalion and ARSOF Support Battalion to ensure all
exercise and operational plans meet Army COMSEC requirements.
• Special operations logistics communications policy. The ATSO, in
coordination with the ARSOF Support Battalion and the MMC’s
Combat Service Support Automation Management Office, writes and
validates communications policy and procedures for SOF logistics.
This includes Standard Army Multicommand Management Information
9-1
FM 3-05.10.1
System information flow and operations, and OCONUS-to-CONUS

logistics reachback and reporting systems.
ARSOF SUPPORT BATTALION

9-2. The ARSOF Support Battalion provides limited, direct CSS and health
service support to ARSOF.
ORGANIZATION
9-3. The ARSOF Support Battalion (Figure 9-1) consists of a headquarters
and main support company and three forward support companies (two AC
and one in the USAR). The theater army may augment the ARSOF
Support Battalion.
Figure 9-1. SOSB Organization
SOSB COMMUNICATIONS SECTION

9-4. The SOSB has a communications section under the S3. The
communications section—
• Plans signal operations.
• Requests communications support.
• Prepares the signal annex to the OPORDs.
• Recommends employment of SOSB communications assets.
• Includes the battalion’s frequency manager and the COMSEC
custodian.
9-5. The ARSOF Support Battalion deploys rapidly in its entirety or is task-
organized as required. Once deployed, a unit can provide support to multiple
locations. The ARSOF Support Battalion has organic SINCGARS FM CNRs.
The unit receives single-channel UHF SATCOM (SOCA) support from the
ARSOF Signal Battalion (A) or uses commercial systems.
9-2
Appendix A
SCAMPI
SCAMPI is a telecommunications system created to allow dissemination
of command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I)
information between the USSOCOM, its components and their major
subordinate units, the theater SOCs, and selected government agencies
and activities directly associated with the SO community. SCAMPI is a
closed-community system of communications nodes and is the principal
C4I medium for the Commander in Chief, Special Operations Command.
SCAMPI provides gateway service for SOF to external DOD classified
voice, data, and VTC systems. Voice and data information on the
SCAMPI system integrates into data streams using Integrated Digital
Network Exchange smart multiplexers. These smart multiplexers allow
bandwidth, via programmable software, to be shifted automatically
between user services based on priorities determined by the commander.
In the SCAMPI system, SCI, collateral, and unclassified information is
separately encrypted and transmitted over a single integrated-
transmission path.
SECURITY GUIDANCE
A-1. The classification level of Top Secret fully secures information transmitted
over SCAMPI. Classification categories of collateral information (sometimes
used synonymously with general service) and SCI are available on SCAMPI.
SCI and collateral information are separately encrypted and transmitted over a
single integrated transmission path.
A-2. SCAMPI site locations are, for the most part, unclassified. Linkage of
SCAMPI capability with certain SOF, however, is classified Secret. Most
references to SCAMPI locations are to the site rather than the involved activity.
Full details regarding classification are in the USSOCOM SCAMPI Security
Classification Guide, December 1998. Figure A-1, page A-2, shows the SCAMPI
network and site locations.
SCAMPI NETWORK
A-3. SCAMPI can transmit C4I information at multiple security classification
levels and provide multimedia services, including voice, data, facsimile, and
VTC over a single integrated transmission path. Information transmitted over
SCAMPI is in digital form on leased fiber-optic circuits. SCAMPI signals
conform to the T-carrier format used by the public switched-data networks.
SCAMPI consists of the circuits, the suites of off-the-shelf equipment that
terminate the T-carrier data streams, and the equipment that then splits and
reformats the information so user terminal equipment can use it.
A-1
FM 3-05.10.1
Figure A-1. SCAMPI System Interconnections
A-2
FM 3-05.10.1
A-4. The SCAMPI system interconnects many sites, also called nodes. Four of
the sites are hubs—two at Fort Bragg, North Carolina; one at the Pentagon;
and one at MacDill AFB, Florida. The SCAMPI node designated Fort Bragg
Main serves as the controlling hub (CHUB) that provides system management
and controls the flow of information within the network. Most nodes connect
directly to the hubs. Some nodes connect to the hubs through an intermediate
node. To minimize circuit costs, signals of two nodes are combined on the same
circuit. When these services are combined, the first node separates its data
stream from that of the second node and routes the remaining information on to
the second node. These indirectly connected nodes are drop-and-insert nodes.
Figure A-2 shows the SCAMPI system interconnection with service
descriptions, as well as the services provided at each type of node.
Node Type Services
CHUB SCI, Collateral, Test, System Control, Switching, Broadcast

HUB SCI, Collateral, Test, Switching, Broadcast
ABT SCI, Collateral, Test
AT SCI, Test
BT Collateral, Test
CAB Limited SCI, Collateral, Test
CA Limited SCI, Test
CB Limited Collateral, Test
D Limited SCI or Collateral
Figure A-2. SCAMPI Services by Node Type
A-5. For a complete guide to SCAMPI services, see USSOCOM SCAMPI

Services Summary, December 1998.
DEPLOYABLE SCAMPI
A-6. Deployable SCAMPI can provide deployed SOF with simultaneous
multimedia capability and interlocking connectivity among national, DOD
common user, and theater communications links over nonrestrictive SCAMPI
tactical gateways. Service is provided at data rates up to T1 (1544 kbps) over
landline or over government or commercial satellite using X, C, or Ku bands.
Deployable SCAMPI provides the SOF commander and his staff the capability
to access, from deployed locations anywhere in the world, the same SCI,
collateral, and unclassified C4I services available in garrison.
C4I services possible via deployable SCAMPI include—
• GCCS.
• VTC.
• SIPRNET.
• NIPRNET.
A-3
FM 3-05.10.1
• JWICS.
• Classified voice.
• Unclassified voice.
A-7. For a complete guide to deployable SCAMPI services, see USSOCOM
Deployable SCAMPI New Equipment Training and Fielding Plan,
20 February 1996.
A-4
Appendix B
Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) MIL-STD-188-141A

ALE is a means of automatically establishing a radio link between two
HF stations or a group of stations. Radios using ALE operate in the
HF band and all characteristics of HF propagation still apply.
Establishing ALE communications is similar to using a telephone. An
operator selects the desired station address and initiates the call. The
ALE system automatically establishes a two-way communications link.
Once a link is established, the HF ALE system operates the same as a
conventional HF system.
ALE FEATURES
B-1. Prior to ALE, an operator’s knowledge of RF signal propagation and the
ability to apply that knowledge to select usable frequencies were crucial to
the success of HF communication. ALE has enhanced HF radio operation and
made it easier for the operator. ALE improves HF communications quality
and connectivity. It also reduces the operator tasks required to communicate
under changing propagation conditions. ALE operators require no special
training or knowledge of HF signal propagation. Following are the differences
between conventional HF and ALE HF:
• ALE allows selective calling to other similarly equipped HF stations.

• ALE automatically chooses the best available frequency from a
preprogrammed list of frequencies to make the call.
• All the operator needs to know is the address (ALE call sign) of the
distant station.
ALE OPERATION
B-2. The operator creates a datafill file containing preset frequencies, scan
lists, addresses, data messages, and other parameters required for ALE or EP
operation. The type and amount vary depending on the communications plan.
Datafill information is stored in the receiver-transmitter memory.
B-3. During receive, microprocessor circuits provide frequency control to
scan several preset frequencies. Receive audio output from the receiver-
transmitter is muted during scanning. During scanning, the ALE system
listens for soundings and calls from other ALE stations. The radio receives
ALE signals, analyzes them, and automatically transmits an ALE response as
required. Once a link is established, the radio-transmitter sends a linked
advisory to the radio set control. It also sends the identity of the calling
station. The receive audio output is unmuted to alert the operator that the
system is linked. This prevents the operator from having to continuously
monitor the radio set control display.
B-1
FM 3-05.10.1
B-4. During receive electronic counter-countermeasure (ECCM) operation,

the receiver hops from one frequency to another in synchronization with
other like-configured HF stations. The hopping rate varies depending on the
type of ECCM used. Frequency hopping requires extremely accurate time
synchronization between all ECCM stations. The global positioning system
(GPS) time synchronization input to the receiver-transmitter synchronizes
the clocks of all ECCM stations automatically upon power-up.
B-5. During transmit, when an operator initiates an ALE call, receiver-
transmitter microprocessor circuits choose the best frequency from a
preprogrammed list of frequencies to place the call. Digital Signal Processor
(DSP) circuits control the linking process by transmitting the appropriate call
and acknowledgment data handshake signals. Once a link is established, the
radio operates conventionally and voice or data transmission can begin.
Linked operators must agree to return to ALE scan mode if the frequency
starts to degrade or communication is lost.
B-6. To initiate an ALE call, an operator selects the desired station address
and keys the HF system. The ALE system reviews frequency Link Quality
Analysis values for the desired address (which represent real-time
propagation conditions). It establishes a data handshake between the two
stations on the best available frequency. Once the two-way link is
established, receive audio is restored and normal voice or data
communications can begin. If a link attempt is not successful on the first
frequency selected, or if the frequency is busy, alternate frequencies are
automatically selected. The operator repeats the call until either a link is
established, all active frequencies are tried at least once, or he aborts the
call attempt.
B-7. During ECCM transmission, the transmitter hops frequencies. During
frequency hopping, microprocessor circuits cause the transmitter to tune to a
specific frequency and transmit for a short time. The transmitter then tunes
to a new frequency and transmits again. This procedure continues until the
complete message (voice or data) is transmitted. Before ECCM operation, the
operator must pretune all frequencies in the selected ECCM net (hop set).
ALE SILENT OPERATION

B-8. ALE systems respond automatically to ALE calls without operator
action as part of the automatic linking process. ALE systems also periodically
transmit short bursts (typically 8 seconds) of data known as sounding. During
automatic sounding or automatic response to ALE calls, the ALE system
transmits RF signals from the antenna, often without the HF operator
knowing that it is happening. When the operator does not want the ALE
system to automatically transmit RF signals, he uses the receive-only (silent)
mode. During silent operation, the ALE system scans receive frequencies but
does not respond to ALE calls or transmit soundings accordingly.
B-2
Appendix C
Joint Base Station

The Joint Base Station (Variant 1) (JBS[V1]) is the ARSOF variant of the
USSOCOM JBS. Also referred to by its original name, the Special Forces
Base Station (SFBS), the JBS(V1) is an integrated, air-transportable,
ground-mobile system that allows deployed ARSOF headquarters
C2 elements to communicate with deployed Special Forces operational
detachments (SFODs) operating in remote locations, at distances up to
4,000 kilometers. It is air-transportable by a single C-130 or larger
military aircraft, surface ships, or flatbed truck, and can traverse
primary, secondary, and unimproved roadways when deployed. The JBS
Transit Case System (V1) capability, in a transit case-based package, is
available for situations where cargo space on intertheater airlift is
extremely limited. In this configuration, the entire system can be
deployed on one standard USAF 463L pallet. Through a series of
interconnecting cables, the crew assembles the cases into an operational
system providing the same communications and automation capabilities
as the vehicle-based system, less environmental control and a prime
mover.
C-1. The JBS(V1) can operate from single-phase commercial (90–240 Volts
alternating current [Vac], 47–63 Hertz [Hz], military tactical (90–125 Vac, 47–
63 Hz), or vehicular (28 Volts direct current [Vdc]) power. The system is capable
of deployment worldwide in all environments and operating conditions.
C-2. The JBS(V1) vehicle-based system consists of three subsystems: a prime
mover, a fifth-wheel packhorse trailer with integral power generation and
environmental control equipment, and a base station assemblage. The base
station assemblage houses the communications and automation components,
and supports secure and nonsecure voice and data communications
interoperable with current and planned SF long-range communications
systems.
COMMUNICATIONS COMPONENT
C-3. The communications component provides HF, VHF, and UHF TACSAT
communications to support the C2 of a minimum of 20 deployed operational
detachments. The JBS(V1) supports the transmission and reception of secure
and nonsecure voice, data, imagery, and continuous wave Morse code traffic.
The system is capable of simultaneously providing up to four HF, two UHF
TACSAT, one HF LPI/D, and one VHF SINCGARS networks. All nets are
securable through the use of National Security Agency (NSA)-approved
COMSEC devices with the capability for Over the Air Rekeying (OTAR).
C-1
FM 3-05.10.1
All COMSEC devices comply with the Electronic Key Management System
(EKMS). Specific communications capabilities currently include—
• Five HF SSB networks for secure or nonsecure voice and data
communications at distances up to 4,000 kilometers. All HF circuits
operate in accordance with the single-channel modes for both ALE and
non-ALE. One of these circuits also supports the SOF-unique LPI/D
waveform. A variety of broadband, multimode antennas and telescopic
masts supports the HF circuits, providing a high degree of antenna
construction and employment flexibility.
• Two UHF TACSAT circuits for secure voice, data, and imagery
communications. Both circuits support 5 kilohertz (kHz) and 25 kHz,
DAMA, and non-DAMA operation. Two high-gain deployable antennas
and one omnidirectional hatch-mount SATCOM antenna support the
UHF circuits.
• Up to four separate advanced data controller (ADC) networks for use
over any combination of HF and UHF circuits. The system is
preconfigured for one UHF ADC data circuit and two HF ADC data
circuits, which also provide ADC to IP conversion.
• One VHF SINCGARS circuit with both vehicle-mounted and fixed-site
antennas, primarily for local base operations, tactical internet working
with conventional Army forces, and convoy control.
• VINSON and Advanced Narrowband Digital Voice Terminal (ANDVT)
COMSEC, KY-99A or integrated COMSEC (ICOM), capability on all
RF circuits.
• A fiber-optic intercom system that allows incoming and outgoing voice
and data traffic to be easily accessible at remote locations throughout
the C2 node.
C-4. In addition to the HF/VHF/UHF RF circuits, the JBS(V1) provides voice
and data interfaces to interoperate with SOF and Army field headquarters
communications systems (MSE and TRI-TAC switches, ABCS/ATCCS,
SOFTACS, STAR-T, plus others). Specific capabilities include—
• One digital secure voice terminal (DSVT), KY-68.
• One tactical secure terminal equipment (STE).
• One KIV-7 with wire-line adapter.
• X.25 ports.
• 802.3 LAN interface via an Ethernet router.
AUTOMATION COMPONENT
C-5. The automation component provides network planning, systems
management, and control functions in addition to message generation, routing,
logging, and archiving functions. The JBS(V1) is capable of processing incoming
and outgoing messages in a stand-alone configuration or passing traffic on to a
LAN. In a stand-alone configuration, the JBS(V1) prints or copies to disk all
incoming and outgoing data traffic. When connected to a LAN, the JBS(V1)
serves as a throughput terminal. If desired by the commander, deployed
operational detachments can pass data traffic (via the JBS[V1]) directly to the
C-2
FM 3-05.10.1
workstation of the person requiring the information. To ensure these messages

are accurately logged and archived, the JBS(V1)’s message gateway computer is
configured to log and archive all message traffic, even though the final
destination may be elsewhere. If the JBS(V1) internal LAN is connected to an
external gateway, such as SOFTACS, STAR-T, or commercial leased telephone
lines, message traffic can be seamlessly routed throughout the theater of
operations. In addition to the message gateway computer, the JBS(V1) includes
two ancillary laptop computer terminals that can be used to input and extract
messages from the system when operating in a stand-alone configuration.
Specific automation capabilities include—
• Message generation and translation functions, including SAVSERSUP,
United States Message Text Format (USMTF), Joint Army Navy Allied
Procedures (JANAP) 128 formatted messages, and support of DMS
integration.
• Seamless routing of all types of data message traffic from
deployed operational detachments to workstations on a local or wide
area network.
• Internal 802.3 LAN.
• Unformatted message capability.
• Frequency management and prediction.
• Real-time management and dynamic control of three data networks
and six RF circuits.
• Automatic logging, routing, and archiving of team data traffic.
• E-mail and mailbox application that processes all team data-message
traffic.
• File transfer protocol (FTP) service between the JBS(V1) and deployed
outstations.
• Commercial, ruggedized palmtop computing devices for outstation
access to the JBS(V1) automation system.
• Secure fax capability.
• Networked laser printer.
C-6. Figure C-1, page C-4, depicts the layout of the JBS(V1) automation
subsystem.
C-3
FM 3-05.10.1
Figure C-1. Automation Subsystem Diagram
C-4
Appendix D
Special Operations Forces Tactical Assured

Connectivity System
SOFTACS is a communications program with the following components:
• Multiband, multichannel SHF SATCOM terminals.
• Digital circuit switches.
• Troposphere Satellite Support Radio (TSSR) systems.
• Remote trunking systems (RTS).
• Deployable LAN equipment.
• MGS.
• Towed external tri-band antenna.
D-1. The SOFTACS multiband satellite terminal, with its associated digital
circuit switch, operates over military and commercial satellite space segments
and provides high-capacity communications links to support voice, data,
imagery, and VTC. It interfaces with both military and commercial switching
systems such as the DSN, Defense Data Network (DDN), and commercial
dial-central offices.
D-2. The HHMMWV-based system consists of a communications component
and a power component. The communications component will be an
assemblage of base band and RF communications equipment. The power
component consists of power generation equipment. The system provides the
capability to support point-to-point, mesh, and hub-spoke network topologies.
It supports up to six spokes when operating in the mesh and hub-spoke
modes. The system, when using an external antenna, provides X band
performance equal to or greater than that achieved by the AN/TSC-85B/OE-
361; and provides C band and Ku band performance equal to or greater than
that achieved with the integral antenna.
D-3. The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) circuit switch provides
a tandem-switching capability that is interoperable with commercial dial
central offices, DSN, and analog and digital military switched networks
deployed at echelons above corps (TRI-TAC) and echelons corps and below
(MSE). The ISDN complies with the DOD Joint Technical Architecture and
the Army Warfighter Information Network Architecture. In addition, the
ISDN is interoperable with tactical Circuit Switch Routing Task Execution
Plan switches.
D-4. The TSSR provides the extension of SOFTACS services from the tactical
C2 node to locally remote sites. A TSSR is provided to extend communications
services to geographically dispersed sections of a deployed SOF C2
headquarters that are within radio LOS of the satellite terminal. The TSSR
D-1
FM 3-05.10.1
operates in the SHF band and supports up to four T-1 circuits. It includes the
appropriate base band and radio equipment required at both ends of the
TSSR communications link. The TSSR is capable of operating off the same
types of power sources as those required by the SOFTACS satellite terminal.
The TSSR and its associated equipment (base band, COMSEC) are packaged
in transit cases.
D-5. The RTS allows mobile subscribers to access the circuit switch capability
through a wireless interconnect. The RTS provides mobile and remote
subscribers with secure wireless access to the circuit switch services. It
supports access by remote subscribers using encrypted wireless terminals.
The RTS network supports remote subscribers at distances up to six
kilometers (nominal) from the RTS base station. The RTS equipment includes
portable terminals, a base station, and a network control capability to
manage subscriber access, channel assignment, and class marks. All RTS
base station equipment is packaged in two-man lift transit cases.
D-6. The deployable LAN automates the C2 environment consistent with
SOF garrison automation systems and is interoperable with garrison and
theater-deployed LANs. The deployable LAN consists of an unclassified
segment with a network server and a classified segment with a network
server operating at the Secret level. The unclassified segment includes an
Internet Protocol Router (IPR) that can access tactical and commercial
common-carrier telecommunications networks. An Inline Network Encryptor
is provided to interconnect the two LAN segments and allow the Secret
segment to access the IPR network capabilities.
D-7. The MGS provides an interface to the AUTODIN to support deployed
SOF record traffic requirements. It is capable of storing, forwarding, and
switching “R” and “Y” record traffic between the SOF community and other
tactical and worldwide locations. The server is certified for AUTODIN
Category III operation and supports MTF/JINTACCS and JANAP-128
message formats.
D-2
Glossary
A airborne
ABCS Army Battle Command System
AC Active Component
ACUS Area Common User System
ADC advanced data controller
ADP automatic data processing
adversary Anyone who contends with, opposes, or acts against one’s interest.
Is not necessarily an enemy.
AFB Air Force Base
AFFOR Air Force Forces
AFSOB Air Force Special Operations Base
AFSOF Air Force Special Operations Forces
AGCCS Army global command and control system
ALE automatic link establishment
AM amplitude modulation
AMS audio monitoring system
ANDVT Advanced Narrowband Digital Voice Terminal
antiterrorism Defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of
individuals and property to terrorist acts, to include limited
response and containment by local military forces. (JP 1-02)
AOB advanced operational base
area of responsibility 1. The geographical area associated with a combatant command
within which a CINC has authority to plan and conduct
operations.
2. In naval usage, a predefined area of enemy terrain for which
supporting ships are responsible for covering by fire on known
targets or targets of opportunity and by observation. (JP 1-02)
ARFOR Army Forces
Army special operations Those active and reserve component Army forces designated by
forces (ARSOF) the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained,
and equipped to conduct and support special operations. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-1
FM 3-05.10.1
Army special operations A temporary or semipermanent grouping of ARSOF units under

task force (ARSOTF) one commander, formed to carry out a specific operation or a
continuing mission.
ARNG Army National Guard
ARSOA Army Special Operations Aviation
ARSOF Army special operations forces
ARSOTF Army special operations task force
ASCC Army Service Component Command
assign 1. To place units or personnel in an organization where such
placement is relatively permanent, and/or where such
organization controls and administers the units or personnel for
the primary function, or greater portion of the function, of the
unit or personnel.
2. To detail individuals to specific duties or functions where such
duties or functions are primary and/or relatively permanent.
(JP 1-02)
Asynchronous Standardized by the ITTCC (International Telegraphic and
Transfer Mode Telephone Consultative Committee) in 1988, ATM is a
communications protocol based on small fixed-length data packets
called “cells.” Each cell contains 48 bytes of digital data and a
five-byte header containing addressing and (optionally)
prioritization information. ATM is designed to operate over
Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) links at data rates up to
45 mbps. It can also operate over DS3 satellite links.
(C4I Handbook)
ATCCS Army Tactical Command and Control System
ATSO Assistant Theater Signal Office
attach 1. The placement of units or personnel in an organization where
such placement is relatively temporary.
2. The detailing of individuals to specific functions where such
functions are secondary or relatively temporary; for example,
attached for quarters and rations, attached for flying duty.
JP 1-02)
authentication 1. A security measure designed to protect a communications
system against acceptance of a fraudulent transmission or
simulation by establishing the validity of a transmission,
message, or originator.
2. A means of identifying individuals and verifying their
eligibility to receive specific categories of information. (JP 1-02)
authenticator A symbol or group of symbols, or a series of bits, selected or derived
in a prearranged manner and usually inserted at a predetermined
point within a message or transmission for the purpose of attesting
to the validity of the message or transmission. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-2
FM 3-05.10.1
AUTODIN automatic digital network

automatic data Data processing largely performed by automatic means. (JP 1-02)
processing
automation The implementation of processes by automatic means. The
conversion of a procedure, a process, or equipment to automatic
operation. (JP 1-02)
AVUM aviation unit maintenance
bandwidth The width of a band of frequencies used for a particular purpose.
(FM 24-18)
BLK black
bn battalion
C2 command and control
C2W command and control warfare
C3 command, control, and communications
C4 command, control, communications, and computers
C4I command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence
C4I2 command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, and
information
CA Civil Affairs
capability The ability to execute a specified course of action. (A capability
may or may not be accompanied by an intention.) (JP 1-02)
CADB Civil Affairs Data Base
CBT combatting terrorism
CD counterdrug
CD-RW compact disc – read write
CE communications-electronics
channel An assigned band of frequencies for a radio or television over
which transmissions can be made from one station to another.
(FM 24-18)
CHUB controlling hub
CINC commander in chief
circuit An arrangement of one or more complete paths for current flow.
(FM 24-18)
Civil Affairs The activities of a commander that establish, maintain, influence,
or exploit relations between military forces and civil authorities,
both governmental and nongovernmental, and the civilian
populace in a friendly, neutral, or hostile area of operations in
order to facilitate military operations and consolidate operational
objectives. Civil Affairs may include performance by military
Glossary-3
FM 3-05.10.1
forces of activities and functions normally the responsibility of

local government. These activities may occur prior to, during, or
subsequent to other military actions. They may also occur, if
directed, in the absence of other military operations. (JP 1-02)
civil assistance Military necessity may require a commander to provide life-
sustaining services, maintain order, or control distribution of
goods and services within his assigned operational area. Civil
assistance differs from other forms of civil administration because
it is based on the commander’s decision. All other forms of civil
administration require NCA approval. (FM 41-10)
CJCS Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
CM countermine
CMO civil-military operations
CMOC civil-military operations center
CNN Cable News Network
CNR combat net radio
co company
coalition An ad hoc arrangement between two or more nations for common
action. (JP 1-02)
COCOM combatant command
collateral activities The inherent capabilities of all military forces may periodically be
applied to accomplish missions other than those for which the
forces are principally organized, trained, and equipped. Collateral
activities in which Special Operations Forces, by virtue of
inherent capabilities, may be tasked to participate include
humanitarian assistance, security assistance, search and rescue,
counterdrug, antiterrorism and other security activities, and
special activities. (JP 3-05)
combatant command A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission
under a single commander established and so designated by the
President, through the Secretary of Defense and with the advice
and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Combatant commands typically have geographic or functional
responsibilities. (JP 1-02)
combatant command Nontransferable command authority established by title 10
(command authority) (“Armed Forces”), United States Code, section 164, exercised only
by commanders of unified or specified combatant commands
unless otherwise directed by the President or the Secretary of
Defense. Combatant command (command authority) cannot be
delegated and is the authority of a combatant commander to
perform those functions of command over assigned forces
involving organizing and employing command and forces,
assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative
direction over all aspects of military operations, joint training,
Glossary-4
FM 3-05.10.1
and logistics necessary to accomplish the missions assigned to the

command. Combatant command (command authority) should be
exercised through the commanders of subordinate organizations.
Normally this authority is exercised through subordinate joint
force commanders and Service and/or functional component
commanders. Combatant command (command authority) provides
full authority to organize and employ commands and forces as the
combatant commander considers necessary to accomplish
assigned missions. Operational control is inherent in combatant
command (command authority). (JP 1-02)
combat net radio (CNR) Single-channel and frequency hopping radios organic to many
types of units. Their primary role is voice transmission for battle
command. The CNR network can assume a secondary role for
data transmission when needed. The family of CNRs includes
AN/VRCIZ series, SINCGARS, single-channel TACSAT, and
improved high-frequency radio (IHFR). (FM 11-43)
combat search A specific task performed by rescue forces to effect the recovery of
and rescue distressed personnel during wartime or contingency operations.
combined Between two or more forces or agencies of two or more allies.
(JP 1-02)
COMCEN communications center
COMJSOTF Commander, Joint Special Operations Task Force
COMJTF commander, joint task force
command 1. The authority that a commander in the Armed Forces lawfully
exercises over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment.
Command includes the authority and responsibility for effectively
using available resources and for planning the employment of,
organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling military forces
for the accomplishment of assigned missions. It also includes
responsibility for health, welfare, morale, and discipline of
assigned personnel.
2. An order given by a commander; that is, the will of the
commander expressed for the purpose of bringing about a
particular action.
3. A unit or units, an organization, or an area under the command
of one individual. (JP 1-02)
command and control The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated
commander over assigned and attached forces in the
accomplishment of the mission. Command and control functions
are performed through an arrangement of personnel, equipment,
communications, facilities, and procedures employed by a
commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling
forces and operations in the accomplishment of the mission.
(JP 1-02)
Glossary-5
FM 3-05.10.1
command and control The facilities, equipment, communications, procedures, and

system personnel essential to a commander for planning, directing, and
controlling operations of assigned forces pursuant to the missions
assigned. (JP 1-02)
command, control, Integrated systems of doctrine, procedures, organizational
communications, and structures, personnel, equipment, facilities, and communications
computer systems designed to support a commander’s exercise of command and
control across the range of military operations. (JP 1-02)
COMMS communications
communications A method or means of conveying information of any kind from one
person or place to another. (JP 1-02)
communications center An agency charged with the responsibility for handling and
controlling communications traffic. The center normally includes
message center, transmitting, and receiving facilities. (JP 1-02)
communications net An organization of stations capable of direct communications on a
common channel or frequency. (JP 1-02)
communications An organization of stations capable of intercommunications, but
network not necessarily on the same channel. (JP 1-02)
communications An orbiting vehicle that relays signals between communications
satellite stations. There are two types: a. Active Communications
Satellite. A satellite that receives, regenerates, and retransmits
signals between stations; b. Passive Communications
Satellite. A satellite that reflects communications signals
between stations.
communications The protection resulting from all measures designed to deny
security (COMSEC) unauthorized persons information of value which might be
derived from the possession and study of telecommunications, or
to mislead unauthorized persons in their interpretation of the
results of such possession and study. (JP 1-02)
communications Terminus of a communications circuit at which data can be either
terminal entered or received; located with the originator or ultimate
addressee. (JP 1-02)
COMSEC communications security
CON controller
CONUS continental United States
conventional forces Those forces capable of conducting operations using nonnuclear
weapons. (JP 1-02)
COS code-operated switch
CP command post
CPWMD counterproliferation of weapons of mass destruction
CSAR combat search and rescue
CSS combat service support
Glossary-6
FM 3-05.10.1
DA direct action
DAMA Demand Assigned Multiple Access
DAP Defensive Armed Penetrator
data Representation of facts, concepts, or instruction in a formalized
manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing
by humans or by automatic means. Any representations such as
characters or analog quantities to which meaning is or might be
assigned. (JP 1-02)
DB Direct Broadcast
DCS Defense Communications System
DDN Defense Data Network
DDST Downsized Deployable Satellite Terminal
defense switched Component of the Defense Communications System that handles
network (DSN) Department of Defense voice, data, and video communications.
(JP 1-02)
demand assigned A family of dynamic multiple access techniques where each user
multiple access (DAMA) reserves channel space based upon individual need. (C4I
Handbook)
det detachment
DII Defense Information Infrastructure
direct support (DS) A mission requiring a force to support another specific force and
authorizing it to answer directly to the supported force’s request
for assistance. (JP 1-02)
DISA Defense Information Systems Agency
DISN Defense Information Systems Network
div division
DMS Defense Message System
DOD Department of Defense
DRSN Defense Red Switched Network
DS direct support
DSCS Defense Satellite Communications System
DSN Defense Switched Network
DSP Digital Signal Processor
DSVT Digital Secure Voice Terminal
ECCM electronic counter-countermeasure
EHF extremely high frequency
EKMS Electronic Key Management System
Glossary-7
FM 3-05.10.1
electronic protection That division of electronic warfare involving actions taken to

protect personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of
friendly or enemy employment of electronic warfare that degrade,
neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability. (JP 1-02)
E-mail electronic mail
emission security The component of communications security that results from all
measures taken to deny unauthorized persons information of
value that might be derived from intercept and analysis of
compromising emanations from crypto-equipment and
telecommunications systems.
EP electronic protection
ES electronic warfare support
EW electronic warfare
EXT external
Fax facsimile
FID foreign internal defense
FIWC Fleet Information Warfare Center
FM field manual; frequency modulation
FO fiber optic
FOB forward operational base
forward operations In special operations, a base usually located in friendly territory
(operational) base (FOB) or afloat that is established to extend command and control or
communications or to provide support for training and tactical
operations. Facilities may be established for temporary or longer
duration operations and may include an airfield or an
unimproved airstrip, an anchorage, or a pier. A forward
operations base may be the location of special operations
component headquarters or a smaller unit that is controlled
and/or supported by a main operations base. (JP 1-02)
FTP file transfer protocol
functional component A command normally, but not necessarily, composed of forces of
command two or more Military Departments which may be established
across the range of military operations to perform particular
operational missions that may be of short duration or may extend
over a period of time. (JP 1-02)
fwd forward
GBS Global Broadcast Service
GCCS global command and control system
general support (GS) 1. Support that is given to the supported force as a whole and not
to any particular subdivision thereof. (FM 101-5-1)
Glossary-8
FM 3-05.10.1
2. That support which is given to the supported force as a whole

and not to any particular subdivision thereof. (JP 1-02)
Global Broadcast A multicast system that allows simultaneous broadcasts of a
Service (GBS) variety of data and video products. It is designed to provide a
system of information sources, uplink sites, broadcast satellites,
and receiver terminals, as well as management processes, for
requesting and coordinating the distribution of information
products. (GBS is under development.)
GMF ground mobile forces
GMFSC ground mobile forces satellite communication
GPS global positioning system
GS general support
GSC group support company
HA humanitarian assistance
HF high frequency
HHC headquarters and headquarters company
HHMMWV Heavy High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle
HMSC headquarters and main support company
HN host nation
host nation A nation which receives the forces and/or supplies of allied
nations and/or NATO organizations to be located on, or operate
in, or to transit through its territory. (JP 1-02)
HQ headquarters
HSC headquarters and support company
Hz hertz
ICOM integrated COMSEC
IHFR improved high-frequency radio
IMO information management officer
information Unprocessed data of every description that may be used in the
production of intelligence.
infosphere A theoretical global network of military and commercial
communications systems and networks that link databases and
fusion centers. The concept includes the ability of the warrior to
“plug-in and plug-out” regardless of location, time and mission.
(C4I Handbook)
INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite
interoperability 1. The ability of systems, units, or forces to provide services to
and accept services from other systems, units, or forces and to use
Glossary-9
FM 3-05.10.1
the services so exchanged to enable them to operate effectively

together. (DOD)
2. The condition achieved among communications-electronics
systems or items of communications-electronics equipment when
information or services can be exchanged directly and
satisfactorily between them and/or their users. The degree of
interoperability should be defined when referring to specific
cases. (JP 1-02)
I/O input/output
IO information operations
IP Internet Protocol
IPR Internet Protocol Router
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISOCA Improved Special Operations Communications Assemblage
ISOFAC isolation facility
ITSDN Integrated Tactical Strategic Data Network
J6 command, control, and communications systems directorate of a
joint staff
JANAP Joint Army Navy Allied Procedures
JBS Joint Base Station
JBS(V1) Joint Base Station (Variant 1)
JCCC joint communications control center
JCSE Joint Communications Support Element
JCSS Joint Communications Support Squadron
JCU Joint Communications Unit
JDISS Joint Deployable Intelligence Support System
JFACC joint force air component commander
JFC Joint Force Command
JFSOCC Joint Force Special Operations Component Commander
joint Connotes activities, operations, organizations in which elements
of two or more Military Departments participate. (JP 1-02)
joint communications An element of the J6 established to support a joint force
control center (JCCC) commander. The joint communications control center (JCCC)
serves as the single control agency for the management and
direction of the joint force command, control, communications,
and computers systems. The JCCC may include plans and
operations administration, system control, and frequency
management systems. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-10
FM 3-05.10.1
joint doctrine Fundamental principles that guide the employment of forces of

two or more Services in coordinated action toward a common
objective. It will be promulgated by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in
coordination with the combatant commands, Services, and Joint
Staff. (JP 1-02)
joint force A general term applied to a force composed of significant
elements, assigned or attached, of two or more Military
Departments, operating under a single joint force commander.
(JP 1-02)
joint operations A general term to describe military actions conducted by joint
forces, or by Service forces in relationships (e.g., support,
coordinating authority), which, of themselves, do not create joint
forces. (JP 1-02)
joint search and A primary search and rescue facility suitably staffed by
rescue center (JSRC) supervisory personnel and equipped for planning, coordinating,
and executing joint search and rescue and combat search and
rescue operations within the geographical area assigned to the
joint force. The facility is operated jointly by personnel from two
or more Services or functional components or it may have a
multinational staff of personnel from two or more allied or
coalition nations (multinational search and rescue center). The
joint search and rescue center should be staffed equitably by
trained personnel drawn from each joint force component,
including U.S. Coast Guard participation where practical.
joint task force (JTF) A joint force that is constituted and so designated by the
Secretary of Defense, a combatant commander, a subunified
commander, or an existing joint task force commander. (JP 1-02)
Joint Worldwide A secure, high-capacity, TS-SCI-level telecommunications
Intelligence network that can handle digitized products, such as voice,
Communications imagery, graphics, and near-full-motion video. JWICS
System (JWICS) interconnects CINC J2s with the component intelligence
organizations and any deployed intelligence elements.
JP joint publication
JPOTF joint psychological operations task force
JSOACC Joint Special Operations Air Component Commander
JSOLE joint special operations liaison element
JSOTF joint special operations task force
JSRC joint search and rescue center
JTF joint task force
JWICS Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System
kbps kilobits per second
kHz kilohertz
LAN local area network
Glossary-11
FM 3-05.10.1
LNO liaison officer

local area network A group of computers, usually connected over short distances (less
(LAN) than 1,000 feet), to exchange information and share resources.
(C4I Handbook)
LOS line-of-sight
LPI/D low probability of intercept/detection
LTU line termination unit
MARFOR Marine Forces
MBMMR Multiband Multi-Mission Radio
mbps megabits per second
METT-TC mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support
available, time available, and civil considerations
MGS message gateway system
MHz megahertz
MID military intelligence detachment
MIL-STD Military Standard
MMC Materiel Management Center
MMT multimedia terminal
MSE mobile subscriber equipment
NAS Naval Air Station
National Command The President and the Secretary of Defense or their duly
Authorities (NCA) deputized alternates or successors. (JP 1-02)
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NAVFOR Navy Forces
N/C no channel
NC North Carolina
NCA National Command Authorities
NCS Net Control Station
NIPRNET N-level (unclassified but sensitive) Internet Protocol Router
Network
N-level (unclassified The unclassified portion of the Defense Information Systems
but sensitive) Internet Network. Replaces MILNET portion of the Defense Data
Protocol Router Network. SIPRNET users transmit and receive unclassified data
Network (NIPRNET) from a variety of subsystems and applications. (C4I Handbook)
NSA National Security Agency
NSWTG Navy Special Warfare Task Group
OCONUS outside the continental United States
Glossary-12
FM 3-05.10.1
OPCEN operations center

OPCON operational control
operational control Transferable command authority that may be exercised by
(OPCON) commanders at any echelon at or below the level of combatant
command. Operational control is inherent in combatant command
(command authority). Operational control may be delegated and
is the authority to perform those functions of command over
subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands
and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving
authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission.
Operational control includes authoritative direction over aspects
of military operations and joint training necessary to accomplish
missions assigned to the command. Operational control should be
exercised through the commanders of subordinate organizations.
Normally this authority is exercised through subordinate joint
force commanders and Service and/or functional component
commanders. Operational control normally provides full authority
to organize commands and forces and to employ those forces as
the commander in operational control considers necessary to
accomplish assigned missions. Operational control does not, in
and of itself, include authoritative direction for logistics or
matters of administration, discipline, internal organization, or
unit training. (JP 1-02)
OPORD operations order
OTAR Over the Air Rekeying
OTC over-the-counter
paramilitary forces Forces or groups which are distinct from the regular armed forces
of any country, but resembling them in organization, equipment,
training, or mission. (JP 1-02)
PC personal computer
PDC PSYOP development center; personal data controller
PDS product distribution system
POAS Psychological Operations Automated System
POG Psychological Operations Group
prod production
product Any visual, audio, or audiovisual item generated and
disseminated in support of a PSYOP program. (FM 33-1)
PSRC Presidential Selected Reserve Call-up
Psychological Planned operations to convey selected information and indicators
Operations to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives,
(PSYOP) objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign
governments, organizations, groups, and individuals. The purpose
of Psychological Operations is to induce or reinforce foreign
Glossary-13
FM 3-05.10.1
attitudes and behavior favorable to the originator’s objectives.

(JP 1-02)
PSYOP Psychological Operations
RCC remote controller
RF radio frequency
RGR Ranger
RIB radio interface box
RSSC Regional Space Support Center
RTS remote trunking systems
S2 intelligence officer
S3 operations officer
S6 signal officer
SA security assistance
SATCOM satellite communications
SAVSERSUP Signal Audio Visual Service Supplement
SCAMPI (Is not an acronym)
SCI sensitive compartmented information
SCIF sensitive compartmented information facility
Secret Internet Protocol The Secret-level packet data portion of the Defense Information
Router Network Systems Network. Replaces DSNET 1 portion of the Defense
(SIPRNET) Data Network. SIPRNET users transmit and receive classified
data up to the Secret/NOFORN level from a variety of subsystems
and applications. (C4I Handbook)
security assistance Group of programs authorized by the Foreign Assistance Act of
1961, as amended, and the Arms Export Control Act of 1976, as
amended, or other related statutes by which the United States
provides defense articles, military training, and other defense-
related services, by grant, loan, credit, or cash sales in
furtherance of national policies and objectives. (JP 1-02)
sensitive All information and materials bearing special community controls
compartmented indicating restricted handling within present and future
information (SCI) community intelligence collection programs and their end
products for which community systems of compartmentation have
been or will be formally established. These controls are over and
above the provisions of DOD 5200.1-R, Information Security
Program Regulation. (JP 1-02)
SER server
Service Component A command consisting of the Service component commander and
Command all those Service forces, such as individuals, units, detachments,
organizations, and installations under the command, including
Glossary-14
FM 3-05.10.1
the support forces that have been assigned to a combatant

command, or further assigned to a subordinate unified command
or joint task force. (JP 1-02)
SF Special Forces
SFBS Special Forces Base Station
SFG(A) Special Forces Group (Airborne)
SFOB Special Forces operational base
SFOD Special Forces operational detachment
SFODA Special Forces operational detachment A
SFODB Special Forces operational detachment B
SHF super high frequency
sig signal
SIGCEN signal center
SIGDET signal detachment
SIGINT signals intelligence
signals intelligence 1. A category of intelligence comprising either individually or in
(SIGINT) combination all communications intelligence, electronics
intelligence, and foreign instrumentation signals intelligence,
however transmitted.
2. Intelligence derived from communications, electronics and
foreign instrumentation signals. (JP 1-02)
SIMO Systems Integration and Maintenance Office
SINCGARS Single-Channel and Ground Airborne Radio System
single side band A system of radio communications in which the carrier and either
the upper or lower sideband is removed from AM transmission to
reduce the channel width and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
(FM 24-18)
SIPRNET Secret Internet Protocol Router Network
SMRS Special Mission Radio System
SO special operations
SOA special operations aviation
SOATC Special Operations Aviation Training Company
SOC Special Operations Command
SOCA special operations communications assemblage
SOCCE special operations command and control element
SOCCENT Special Operations Command Central
SOCEUR Special Operations Command Europe
Glossary-15
FM 3-05.10.1
SOCKOR Special Operations Command Korea

SOCPAC Special Operations Command Pacific
SOCSOUTH Special Operations Command South
SOF special operations forces
SOFTACS Special Operations Forces Tactical Assured Connectivity System
SOI signal operating instruction
SOSB Special Operations Support Battalion
SOSCOM Special Operations Support Command
SOTA support operations team Alpha
Spitfire Alternate name for the PSC-5, a UHF single-channel SATCOM
system.
SPT support
SPTCEN support center
SR special reconnaissance
SSB single side band
STE secure terminal equipment
STEP standard tactical entry point
STU-III Secure Telephone Unit-III
subordinate unified A command established by commanders of unified commands,
command when so authorized through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff, to conduct operations on a continuing basis in accordance
with the criteria set forth for unified commands. A subordinate
unified command may be established on an area or functional
basis. Commanders of subordinate unified commands have
functions and responsibilities similar to those of the commanders
of unified commands and exercise operational control of assigned
commands and forces within the assigned joint operations area.
Also called subunified command. (JP 1-02)
supported commander The commander having primary responsibility for all aspects of a
task assigned by the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan or other
joint operation planning authority. In the context of joint
operation planning, this term refers to the commander who
prepares operation plans or operation orders in response to
requirements of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
(JP 1-02)
supporting commander A commander who provides augmentation forces or other support
to a supported commander or who develops a supporting plan.
Includes the designated combatant commands and Defense
agencies as appropriate. (JP 1-02)
SW shortwave
Glossary-16
FM 3-05.10.1
Synchronous Optical An American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard

Network defining a set of very high-speed fiber-optic communications
protocols, ranging from 51.84 mbps (equivalent to 28 T-1 circuits)
to 13219.2 mbps (equivalent to 7140 T-1 circuits). (C4I Handbook)
TA traffic analysis
tac tactical
TACON tactical control
TACP tactical air control party
TACSAT tactical satellite
tactical control (TACON) Command authority over assigned or attached forces or
commands, or military capability or forces made available for
tasking, that is limited to the detailed and, usually, local direction
and control of movements or maneuvers necessary to accomplish
missions or tasks assigned. Tactical control is inherent in
operational control. Tactical control may be delegated to and
exercised at any level at or below the level of combatant
command. (JP 1-02)
TALO theater airlift liaison officer
TBD to be determined
TCAE technical control and analysis element
TCS theater communications system
technical control The executive authority to regulate and supervise technical
activities by providing specialized or professional guidance and
direction.
TOC tactical operations center
tm team
TOE table of organization and equipment
TPA tactical packet adapter
TPB tactical PSYOP battalion
TPC tactical PSYOP company
TPD tactical PSYOP detachment
TPDD tactical PSYOP development detachment
TPN tactical packet network
TPT tactical PSYOP team
transmission See authentication.
authentication
transmission security The component of communications security that results from all
measures designed to protect transmissions from interception and
exploitation by means other than cryptanalysis. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-17
FM 3-05.10.1
TRI-TAC tri-service tactical communications

T-SCIF tactical SCI facility
TSSR Troposphere Satellite Support Radio
UHF ultra high frequency
unified command plan The document, approved by the President, which sets forth basic
guidance to all unified combatant commanders; establishes their
missions, responsibilities, and force structure; delineates the
general geographical area of responsibility for geographical
combatant commanders; and specifies functional responsibilities
for functional combatant commanders. (JP 1-02)
UPS uninterrupted power supply
U.S. United States
USACAPOC United States Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations
Command
USAJFKSWCS United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center
and School
USAR United States Army Reserve
USASFC United States Army Special Forces Command
USASOC United States Army Special Operations Command
USJFCOM United States Joint Forces Command
USMTF United States Message Text Format
USSOCOM United States Special Operations Command
UW unconventional warfare
Vac Volts alternating current
Vdc Volts direct current
VHF very high frequency
VINSON A communications security device for combat net radios.
VTC video teleconferencing
WAN wide area network
wide area network A group of computers or local area networks connected over
(WAN) relatively long distances (between buildings, cities, or even
continents) to exchange information and share resources. (C4I
Handbook)
WWMCCS Worldwide Military Command and Control System
XCVR transceiver
Glossary-18
Bibliography
C4I. Handbook for Integrated Planning, Appendix C: U.S. Atlantic Command, C4I Systems
and Networks. May 1996.
C4ISR. Handbook for Integrated Planning. 17 April 1998.
CJCSI 6212.01A. Compatibility, Interoperability, and Integration of Command, Control,

Communications, Computers, and Intelligence Systems. 30 June 1995.
FM 1-108. Doctrine for Army Special Operations Aviation Forces. 3 November 1993.
FM 7-85. Ranger Unit Operations. 9 June 1987.
FM 11-43. The Signal Leader’s Guide. 12 June 1995.
FM 24-18. Tactical Single-Channel Radio Communications Techniques. 30 September 1987.
FM 31-20. Doctrine for Special Forces Operations. 20 April 1990.
FM 33-1. Psychological Operations. 18 February 1993.
FM 34-36. Special Operations Forces Intelligence and Electronic Warfare Operations.

30 September 1991.
FM 41-10. Civil Affairs Operations. 14 February 2000.
FM 63-24. Special Operations Support Battalion. 3 October 1995.
FM 100-6. Information Operations. 27 August 1996.
FM 100-25. Doctrine for Army Special Operations Forces. 1 August 1999.
FM 101-5-1. Operational Terms and Graphics. 30 September 1997.
JP 0-2. Unified Action Armed Forces (UNAAF). 24 February 1995.
JP 1-02. Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. June 1999.
JP 3-05. Doctrine for Joint Special Operations. 17 April 1998.
JP 3-05.3. Joint Special Operations Operational Procedures. 25 August 1993.
JP 3-13. Joint Doctrine for Information Operations. 9 October 1998.
JP 3-53. Doctrine for Joint Psychological Operations. 10 July 1996.
JP 3-57. Doctrine for Joint Civil Affairs. 21 June 1995.
JP 6-0. Doctrine for Command, Control, Communications, and Computer (C4) Systems
Support to Joint Operations. 30 May 1995.
JP 6-02. (S) Joint Doctrine for Employment of Operational/Tactical Command, Control,

Communications, and Computer Systems (U). 1 October 1996.
Bibliography-1
FM 3-05.10.1
The Army Satellite Communications (SATCOM) Architecture. April 1997.
TM 11-5821-357-12. Operator’s and Aviation Unit Maintenance Manual, Radio Set AN/ARC
220(V)1 and AN/ARC-220(V)2. 12 April 1996.
USAJFKSWCS Pub 525-5-15. Psychological Operations: Capabilities and Employment.

January 1999.
USSOCOM Pub. C4I Architecture. May 1994.
USSOCOM Pub. C4I Strategy Into the 21st Century. March 1996.
USSOCOM Pub. Deployable SCAMPI New Equipment Training and Fielding Plan. 20
February 1996.
USSOCOM Pub. The Enchiridion, Network Engineering and Operation Guidelines

Handbook. July 1997.
USSOCOM Pub. SCAMPI Security Classification Guide. December 1998.
USSOCOM Pub. SCAMPI Services Summary. December 1998.
USSOCOM Pub. Special Operations Command and Control Element (SOCCE) Handbook.
USAJFKSWCS. 1 February 1994.
USSOCOM Pub. Special Operations Forces Reference Manual. January 1998.
Bibliography-2
Index
A Defense Information Systems File transfer protocol
Network (DISN), 2-1–2-2 (FTP), C-3
Air Force Special Operations
Forces (AFSOF), 3-2, 3-3 Defense Message System Internal 802.3 LAN, C-3
(DMS), 2-1, 2-3 Joint Army Navy Allied
architectural tenets, 1-2,
1-4–1-5 Defense Red Switched Procedures (JANAP)
Network (DRSN), 2-2, 2-3 128, C-3
Army global command and
control system (AGCCS), Defense Satellite Joint Base Station
2-2 Communications System (Variant 1) (JBS[V1]),
(DSCS), 2-2, 4-7 C-1–C-5
Army Service Component
Command (ASCC), 2-6 Defense Switched Network Over the Air Rekeying
(DSN), 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, D-1 (OTAR), C-1
Army Special Operations
Aviation (ARSOA), 5-3, Demand Assigned Multiple SAVSERSUP, C-3
6-1–6-6 Access (DAMA), 4-6, C-2 SOFTACS, C-3
task force, 6-3, 6-5 doctrinal principles, 1-2, STAR-T, C-3
1-3–1-4
Army special operations forces United States Message
(ARSOF) Signal Battalion, Text Format (USMTF),
2-4, 2-5, 3-1–3-4, 4-7, 6-5, E C-3
6-6, 9-2 electronic counter- Joint Communications Support
Army special operations task countermeasure (ECCM), Element (JCSE), 2-4, 2-5
force (ARSOTF), 2-4, 2-6, B-2 Joint Deployable Intelligence
3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 5-3, 6-3, 6-4, Support System (JDISS),
6-5 3-2, 6-6
G
automatic digital network joint force air component
(AUTODIN), 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, global command and control
system (GCCS), 2-2, 2-3, commander (JFACC), 6-3,
D-2 6-4
3-2, A-3
automatic link establishment Joint Force Command (JFC),
(ALE), 1-5, 4-6, 4-7, 6-5, ground mobile forces (GMF),
2-2, 4-7, 6-6 2-5, 6-3, 8-1
B-1–B-2, C-2
Joint Force Special Operations
Component Commander
C I
(JFSOCC), 2-3, 3-4, 3-5,
Civil Affairs (CA), 1-3, 7-1–7-2 International Maritime Satellite 6-1, 6-3, 6-4
(INMARSAT), 5-2, 8-5, 8-6
communications center joint search and rescue center
(COMCEN) services, 3-2 (JSRC), 6-4
J Joint Special Operations Air
communications security
(COMSEC), 4-3, 6-1, 8-3, Joint Base Station (JBS), 4-6– Component Commander
9-2, C-1, C-2, D-2 4-7, C-1–C-5 (JSOACC), 3-2, 3-3, 6-3, 6-5
concept of employment, Communications joint special operations liaison
3-2–3-4, 4-5–4-7 Gateway System element (JSOLE), 6-3–6-4
crashout package, 3-4 (CGS)-100, C-2
COMSEC, C-1 M
D Electronic Key message gateway system
Management System (MGS), 3-2
Defense Information (EKMS), C-2
Infrastructure (DII), 2-2, 2-4, mobile subscriber equipment
2-5, 2-6 (MSE), 4-7, 8-6, C-2, D-2
Index-1
FM 3-05.10.1
multichannel satellite Synchronous Optical Special Forces (SF), 4-1–4-7

communications (SATCOM), Network, 8-5 SF FOB, 6-4
2-2, 3-2, 5-2 TACSAT, 8-5 SF SOCCE, 6-4
PSYOP Communications Special Operations Aviation,
N elements, 8-2–8-4 6-1
Navy Special Warfare Task broadcast company, special operations command
Group (NSWTG), 3-2, 3-3 8-1, 8-2, 8-3 and control element
N-level (unclassified but Information (SOCCE), 3-3, 4-2, 4-5, 6-4
sensitive) Internet Protocol Management, 8-2, 8-3 special operations
Router Network (NIPRNET), print company, 8-1, 8-2, communications
2-1–2-2, 2-3, 3-2, 3-4, 8-6, 8-3 assemblage (SOCA), 3-2,
8-8, A-4 3-4, 4-6, 4-7, 6-5, 9-2
PSYOP support (signal)
company, 8-1, 8-2, 8-3 Special Operations Forces
O Tactical Assured
operations center (OPCEN), Connectivity System
R
4-5, 4-6 (SOFTACS), 4-4, 4-6, 4-7,
Ranger regiment, 5-1–5-2, 6-5 C-2, D-1–D-2
HF SSB ALE, 5-2 AUTODIN, D-2
P
INMARSAT, 5-2 deployable LAN, D-2
Regimental S6, 5-1–5-2 Integrated Servides
Automated System (POAS),
7-2, 8-3, 8-6 SATCOM, 5-2 Digital Network (ISDN),
SIGDET, 5-2 D-2
(PSYOP), 8-1–8-8 UHF/VHF/FM/AM, 5-2 JINTACCS, D-2
PSYOP Dissemination message gateway
Battalion, 8-1, 8-2 server, D-2
S
Regional PSYOP remote trunking
SCAMPI, A-1–A-4 systems (RTS), D-1,
Battalion, 8-1, 8-2
ABT, A-3 D-2
Tactical PSYOP
Battalion, 8-1, 8-2 controlling hub (CHUB), Troposphere Satellite
A-3 Support Radio (TSSR),
PSYOP Communications,
GCCS, A-3 D-1, D-2
8-4–8-8
HUB, A-3 Special Operations Support
Area Common User
Command (SOSCOM),
System (ACUS), 8-4 JWICS, A-4
9-1–9-2
Asynchronous Transfer NIPRNET, A-4
ARSOF Support
Mode, 8-5 SIPRNET, A-3 Battalion, 9-2
Downsized Deployable VTC, A-1, A-3 Assistant Theater
Satellite Terminal
Secret Internet Protocol Router Signal Office (ATSO),
(DDST), 8-6
Network (SIPRNET), 2-2, 9-1
Global Broadcast 2-3, 3-2, 3-4, 8-5, 8-6, 8-8, standard tactical entry point
Service (GBS), 8-4 A-3 (STEP), 2-2, 2-3
INMARSAT, 8-5, 8-6 SHF tri-band, 4-4, 4-7 support center (SPTCEN), 4-5
product distribution signal center (SIGCEN), 3-2,
architecture, 8-8 4-5, 4-6
T
product distribution signal detachment (SIGDET),
system (PDS), 8-4, 8-6 tactical LAN, 4-4, 4-7
4-2–4-4, 4-6, 5-2
Reachback, 8-4, 8-5, Theater Special Operations
Single-Channel and Ground
8-6 Command, 2-3–2-4
Airborne Radio System
SIPRNET, 8-5, 8-6, 8-8 (SINCGARS), 4-7, 7-2, 9-2,
C-1
Index-2
FM 3-05.10.1
tri-service tactical
communications (TRI-TAC),
3-2, 4-7, C-2, D-2
U
USSOCOM, A-1
V
video teleconferencing (VTC),
3-2, 6-6, A-1, A-3, D-1
voice and message switching,
3-2
Index-3
PIN: 078359-000

fm3 05

Transféré par

Informations du document

Description originale:

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

fm3 05

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

FM 3-05.10.

Headquarters, Department of the Army

Army Special Operations Forces

Chapter 2 THEATER COMMUNICATIONS ............................................................................ 2-1

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their

Chapter 4 SPECIAL FORCES ................................................................................................. 4-1

Chapter 5 RANGER REGIMENT ............................................................................................. 5-1

Chapter 6 ARMY SPECIAL OPERATIONS AVIATION REGIMENT....................................... 6-1

Chapter 7 CIVIL AFFAIRS ....................................................................................................... 7-1

Chapter 8 PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS......................................................................... 8-1

Chapter 9 SPECIAL OPERATIONS SUPPORT COMMAND.................................................. 9-1

Appendix A SCAMPI .................................................................................................................. A-1

The Role of C4 Systems in Support of ARSOF

ARSOF MISSIONS AND COLLATERAL ACTIVITIES

interagency in nature, conducted unilaterally with allied forces, as a

ARSOF C4 DOCTRINAL PRINCIPLES AND ARCHITECTURAL TENETS

Figure 1-1. USASOC Organization

Missions Collateral Activities

Counterproliferation of weapons of mass Coalition support

Figure 1-2. ARSOF Missions and Collateral Activities

• C4 support must depend on national systems to the maximum extent

architecture that provides transparent connectivity at all echelons.

THEATER COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACES TO DOD NETWORKS

(NIPRNET), the Secret Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNET),

THEATER SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND

Figure 2-1. Strategic and Tactical Systems Interfacing

Figure 2-2. Theater SOCs

SOF THEATER COMMUNICATIONS ASSETS

THEATER ARMY COMMUNICATIONS COMMAND

THE ARSOF SIGNAL BATTALION (A)

THEATER COMMUNICATIONS FOR THE JSOTF

The Army Special Operations Signal Battalion (Airborne)

ORGANIZATION AND MISSION

Figure 3-1. Organization of ARSOF Signal Battalion (A)

Figure 3-2. Initial Theater Support

Figure 3-3. Full Theater Support

3-7. COMCEN teams provide over-the-counter (OTC) message service, up to

Figure 3-4. Example of a Crashout Package

COMMAND AND CONTROL

Figure 4-1. SFG(A) Organization

4-2. An SF battalion consists of a headquarters detachment, a support

has an S6 located in the battalion headquarters and battalion SIGDET

GROUP SIGDET, GSC

Figure 4-2. Group SIGDET Organization

BATTALION SIGDET, BATTALION SUPPORT COMPANY

Figure 4-3. Battalion SIGDET Organization

4-17. The S6 is the SIGCEN director. The SIGCEN director—

• Five HF circuits (four SSB/ALE and one SSB/ALE LPI/D).

Figure 4-4. JBS Communications Employment Concept

Figure 5-1. Organization of Ranger Regiment

RANGER COMMUNICATIONS ELEMENTS

S3, he supports EW operations focusing on electronic protection (EP). He

REGIMENTAL SIGNAL DETACHMENT

BATTALION SIGNAL ELEMENTS

Figure 5-2. Ranger Organic Communications

Army Special Operations Aviation Regiment

ARSOA COMMUNICATIONS ELEMENTS

REGIMENTAL S6 AND CE SECTION

BATTALION SIGNAL ELEMENTS

Figure 6-1. ARSOA Organization

TASK FORCE ORGANIZATIONS

COMMAND AND CONTROL ORGANIZATIONS