Istanbul

Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study
world heritage project

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Istanbul Project
UNESCO-WHC
Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Architecture and ITU Urban and Environmental Planning and Research Center Contract No: 700.624.0
PROJECT LEADER Nuran ZEREN GULERSOY, Prof., dipl.arch-urban planner, Istanbul Technical University (ITU) NATIONAL EXPERTS Zeynep AHUNBAY, President of ICOMOS Turkey Tulin Selmin OZDURAN, Representative of Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Turkey INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS Minja YANG, Deputy Director, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Former Manager for EU-Funded Feasibility Study on the Rehabilitation of Fatih District, Istanbul (1998) Yves DAUGE, Senator of Indre et Loire, Mayor of Chinon, France David MICHELMORE, Building Conservationist, Chair of ICOMOS Wood Committee, UK, Project Manager of EUFunded Project on the Rehabilitation of Fatih District of Historic Peninsula of Istanbul (starting in January 2003) STUDY GROUP Azime TEZER, Assist.Prof., urban planner, ITU Reyhan YIGITER, Assist.Prof., urban planner, ITU Kerem KORAMAZ, Res.Assist., urban planner, ITU Zeynep GUNAY, Res.Assist., urban planner, ITU
Istanbul Project
Cases of Zeyrek Suleymaniye Yenikapi
By Nuran ZEREN GULERSOY (Project Leader) Azime TEZER Reyhan YIGITER Kerem KORAMAZ Zeynep GUNAY
Buket ONEM, dipl.arch-urban planner, ITU Kerem Yavuz ARSLANLI, urban planner, ITU
Taskisla 114 34437 Taksim / Istanbul (Turkey) Tel: (+90) 212 249 28 34 Fax: (+90) 212 251 78 31 e-mail: gulersoy@itu.edu.tr web: http://atlas.cc.itu.edu.tr/~csuygar stanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture
Urban and Environmental Planning and Research Center
Istanbul Project: Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study
by Nuran Zeren Gulersoy, (Project Leader) Azime Tezer, Reyhan Yigiter, Kerem Koramaz, Zeynep Gunay
summary of entry
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MAIN FRAMES OF THE STUDY
Examples of Listed Monumental Architecture
Cultural heritage is living evidence of past that shapes future. There are two fundamental issues being discussed throughout Europe. One of these is the documentation of unique European Cultural Heritage and the other is the concept of conservation changing towards an understanding of revitalization which brings the issue of regaining economic value of cultural assets with the determination of spatial interventions required for use and reuse considering the socio-economic relations. These specific issues bring the question of documentation and integrated conservation planning approaches to provide continuity in heritage. Turkey has an important portion of cultural heritage reserve throughout centuries, that Istanbul is as sure the most important. Though, there still exist some fundamental issues in Turkish conservation system that must be considered. To summarize, these issues are lack of strategic approaches to enhance the socio-economic role of urban heritage and to consider conservation policies within planning process; insufficient tools and financial resources; and inconsistency of belief in the use and necessity of conservation. Istanbul Project leads in this manner an integrated approach of conservation with a comprehensive documentary in World Heritage Sites.
AIM OF THE STUDY Molla Zeyrek Mosque Suleymaniye Mosque Church of Surp Tartios Patihiminos Yenikapi
Istanbul Project
Cases of Zeyrek Suleymaniye Yenikapi

Zeyrekhane Madrasa of Kirmasti Suleymaniye By Nuran ZEREN GULERSOY (Project Leader) Azime TEZER Reyhan YIGITER Kerem KORAMAZ Zeynep GUNAY
The aim of the study is to formulate general planning determinants and to propose the conservation strategies that maintain the appropriate and contemporary development of the social and physical/environmental fabric of the chosen areas of Istanbul Historic Peninsula, namely Zeyrek, Suleymaniye and Yenikapi while preserving their historical, archaeological, natural, architectural and functional values.
METHOD OF THE STUDY
The study contains four volumes. The first volume presents a brief summary of the conservation approach to cultural assets in Turkey. The other three volumes contain detailed physical and social survey, evaluation and conservation proposals of the case studies. The cases are three of the scarce historic districts where the original settlement pattern have been preserved. Zeyrek and Suleymaniye all bearing importance from historical, aesthetic and architectural perspectives, are such that those areas have been included in the List of World Heritage Sites in 1985, but today, they are unfortunately under the threat to be included in List of World Heritage in Danger because of lack of effective and continuous conservation attempts by competent institutions. Each Case Study contains a brief definition of the area and its history; goals and objectives of the conservation and development activity. It also includes physical analysis as related to transportation, land use and building use, building condition, storey height, construction material, land ownership, building occupancy, building compatibility with the physical structure of the area, and listed buildings. In addition, the study comprises social studies aimed at displaying the demographic, social and cultural aspects of the residents of the listed and non-listed buildings in the area. The evaluation of the study in dimensions of fieldwork and conservation and planning decisions related to land use and buildings, transportation and urban fabric, listed and non-listed properties and socio-cultural development considering the goal and objectives. Each case is complemented with implementation financial management framework.
ARGUMENTS AND FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
Examples of Listed Civil Architecture
Zeyrek
Suleymaniye
Yenikapi
Street Views
Istanbul Project is an outstanding example for conservation of cultural assets in Turkey. At the heart, there is an integrated approach to urban conservation and historic revitalization combining a number of actions that address environmental, social and economic concerns facing world heritage sites of universal concern. The need to balance physical, social and economic elements and to assure implementation and financial strategy are new attempts for the Historic Peninsula, also for Turkey of building common basis within the content of European Union membership. Secondly, it provides a comprehensive documentary of cultural assets including three-dimensional evaluation. Finally, it brings concrete evidence that Turkey is attempting to be active in conservation of World Cultural Heritage, at the time to be excluded from the List. It is hoped that Istanbul Project will be a successful example, a guideline for future conservation projects to be developed in Turkey.
Zeyrek Suleymaniye Yenikapi
stanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture

introduction to world heritage project

Methodology for Istanbul Project
Historic Peninsula of Istanbul has always been the focal point of the Greater City of Istanbul containing citys principal historical, architectural and archeological sites. Historic Areas of Peninsula, including Zeyrek and Suleymaniye, were included in List of World Heritage in 1985 to promote those significant surroundings. By 2000s, this outstanding area is being threatened to be excluded from the List by UNESCO experts, because of the lack of effective and continuous conservation attempts by competent institutions. However, the conservation of urban fabric of Zeyrek, Suleymaniye and Yenikapi for future generations represents not only national but also universal responsibility. Istanbul Project leads in this manner, an outstanding example for conservation of cultural assets in Turkey of; a world heritage project, a comprehensive documentary of cultural assets, an integrated conservation and development approach.
General Assessment of General Assessment of Conservation Approach in Conservation Approach in Turkey Turkey
A brief summary of conservation approach to cultural assets in Turkey and Historic Peninsula.
Brief Definition Brief Definition

A brief account of the chosen site and its history
Development of Goal and Development of Goal and Objectives Objectives

Appropriate and contemporary goals and objectives for modern urbanization, transportation, townscape and landscaping imperatives are developed while taking into account the prospects for conservation and development.
Survey and Analysis Survey and Analysis

Physical analysis related to transportation, land and building use, building conditions, storey heights, construction materials, land ownership, building occupancy, building compatibility, listed lots and buildings. Social studies aimed at displaying the demographic, social and cultural aspects of the residents. Source: World Heritage Center
The Aim:
To formulate general planning determinants and to propose the conservation strategies that maintain the appropriate and contemporary development of the social and physical/environmental fabric of the chosen areas, namely Zeyrek, Suleymaniye and Yenikapi, while preserving their historical, archaeological, natural, architectural and functional values.
The Methodology:
The study contains four volumes. First volume presents a brief summary of the conservation approach to cultural assets in Turkey. Other three volumes contain detailed physical and social survey, evaluation, conservation and planning decisions of the case studies; Zeyrek, Suleymaniye and Yenikapi. Each Case Study contains: a brief definition of the chosen site. a set of goals and objectives. detailed survey and analysis. evaluation of survey and analysis. conservation decisions. and planning financial
world heritage historic areas of istanbul

Located on the Bosphorus Peninsula between Balkans and Anatolia, the Black Sea and Marmara, Istanbul has been associated with major political, religious and artistic events for more than two thousand years. Represents a masterpiece of human creative genious. Exhibits an important interchange of human values. Bears a unique or exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition. Outstanding examples of buildings illustrates signigicant stages of human history.
Evaluation of Survey and Evaluation of Survey and Analysis Analysis

Physical and social data gathered from area is reviewed according to goal and objectives and functionality in accordance with total urban fabric is evaluated.
Development of Conservation Development of Conservation and Planning Decisions and Planning Decisions
Planning decisions related to land use and buildings, transportation and urban fabric, listed and nonlisted properties and socio-cultural development considering the goal and objectives
implementation and management framework.
Identification of Identification of Implementation and Financial Implementation and Financial Management Model Management Model

a world heritage project

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zeyrek
Zeyrek is situated on the fourth hill of Historic Peninsula. One of the most significant example of Byzantion Architecture, Pantokrator Monastery founded by Empress Eirene in the 12th century, and timber houses of Ottoman Architecture gives the unique identity to Zeyrek. Included in WHL in 1985. Conservation Planning Area: 11.33 hectar Population: 6000
Zeyrek, Suleymaniye and Yenikapi are three of the historic districts of Istanbul Historic Peninsula, where the original settlement pattern have been preserved. In Zeyrek, attempts are presently directed towards upgrading the surroundings of the Pantokrator with the intention of raising public awareness for the preservation of the area and attracting the attention of investors or sponsors. In Suleymaniye, Greater Municipality has initiated work towards developing a rehabilitation project that will in the long run help the area to attain its old and respectable status. Yenikapi has never attracted the public attention as Zeyrek or Suleymaniye did in the sense of protection. However, Greater Municipality of Istanbul included Yenikapi in the content of Historic Area Revitalisation Projects in 2001.
suleymaniye
Suleymaniye is situated on the third hill of Historic Peninsula. One of the finest examples of Islamic Architecture built by Architect Sinan between 1550-1557 is Suleymaniye Mosque. Included in WHL in 1985. Conservation Planning Area: 43.5 hectar Population: 9217
YENIKAPI
Yenikapi is located at south shores of Historic Peninsula. Until 1960s, successed in conserving its unique architectural characteristics. Church of Surp Tartios Partihiminios is the only monumental structure in the area. After the construction of Kennedy Street through the sea shore, has changed both physically and socially. Conservation Planning Area: 4.7 hectar Population: 1400
a world heritage project

PLANNING GOAL
To formulate general planning determinations that maintain the appropriate and contemporary development of the environmental fabric of Urban Sites and that support economic regeneration while preserving its historical and architectural and functional values; and to improve detailed development plans beyond these decisions.
PLANNING OBJECTIVES
To emphasize the functional role in relation to the integration with other neighboring residential, labor, recreational areas, Historic Peninsula and the city center of Istanbul. To utilize new functions while changing the character of existing unsuitable socio-economic functions to provide continuity in economic progress while preserving the historic urban pattern. To create new distribution network for existing services while integrating them with new achievements. To provide functionally sufficient and efficient places for both inhabitants and visitors, while improving living standards. To arrange the pedestrian routes and vehicle transportation network sufficiently for the needs of the existing and proposed activities. To connect sites of various activities having importance with a hierarchy of pedestrianization, parking lots and bus stops. To provide parking lots for residents and for long or short period visitors. To raise public awareness on conservation of cultural heritage by providing an education milieu. To enhance the understanding of conservation study to provide development in social structure. To emphasize the conservation, planning and implementation process with full participation of inhabitants. To promote an environmental network that puts emphasis on the influential role in the urban fabric of natural, historic, monumental and civil architectural values. To improve the architectural quality by preserving, repairing, upgrading, demolishing unfitting structures and harmonizing them with the character and scale of the site consistent with contemporary architecture. To generate new housing opportunities to constitute new social structure in the sense of conservation. To prevent historic urban pattern and infrastructure to be ruined and to eliminate insufficiencies. To provide optimal conditions by climate control both indoors and outdoors. To provide optimum lighting conditions indoors and outdoors using natural and artificial light. To ensure the cleanliness of the environment by reconsidering garbage collection, and by placing garbage bins and containers at suitable locations. To utilize the resources of the country, organizations charged with implementation, volunteers and those of the local people to ensure optimum cost/quality ratios at every stage of planning. To assist in finding financial resources in the process of implementation. To provide economic inputs to manage continuity in urban heritage to live. The creation of new distribution network for services by supporting interventions and encouragements to raise the density of activities that provide new job opportunities. To find flexible solutions to provide opportunity to change and further development in time and space.
Functional Qualification
Optimal Communications
Social and Cultural Integration A Positive Environment for the Architectural and Urban Quality
Zeyrek
Suleymaniye
Yenikapi
A Positive Environment Depends on Conditions of Health and Comfort Optimum Cost and Economic Support
goal and objectives

Appropriate and contemporary goals and objectives for modern urbanization, transportation, townscape and landscaping imperatives are developed in the second stage of the study, while taking into account the prospects for conservation and development.
Flexibility and Applicability

Zeyrek
a comprehensive documentary
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Condition of the Building
Occupancy of the Buildings
Construction Material
Zeyrek is one of the historical settlement areas in the city of Istanbul that has an urban fabric being worthy of preservation. However, most of the listed buildings are deteriorated and in bad physical condition. Under the pressures of other functions spreading through out the area, the dominant residential function is being transformed to commercial, office and hotel functions. The Manifaturaclar Bazaar (shop district selling fabrics) is another impact of this transformation.
Use of Land and Building Ground Floor
ZEYREK survey and analysis

Zeyrek Conservation Area boundaries were first determined in 1974 and ratified by General Statute in 1987. A total of 469 buildings are surveyed in the study, that 51% of them are listed. 86% of the listed buildings, are defined as civil architecture. Molla Zeyrek Mosque is one of the most important monumental structures in the region, and the most symbolic of it.
stanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture Land Ownership Harmony With the Architectural Character Overlapping Existing Situation to 1933 J. Pervititch Cadastral Map Listed Structures
Zeyrek
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SOCIAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS IN ZEYREK

Changes in social structure and the lack of interest in conservation studies create more deterioration within the general framework of the Zeyrek district. As well as restoration of listed buildings, the precautions to enhance environmental quality are vital. Effective conservation and integrated conservation approaches are necessary to enhance the environs and to create better income opportunities for the people living in the area by re-functioning regulations along with residential use. These regulations are essential for creating alive historical environments. The social structure of the area changed completely after the 1950s. This change has been reflected in the spatial structure, too. Prior usersve been moved outwards and immigrants from Eastern and South-Eastern Anatolia settled in the area. Migrant families are mainly in the lowincome level. The lack of interest in conservation and lack of feeling of possession accelerate the deterioration of timber buildings. Multi-storey reinforced concrete buildings were built after the demolition of traditional ones resulting in a lack of harmony with the traditional urban texture. Demographic Structure Most of the families are extended families of more than 5 people in Zeyrek. This stems from the increasing immigration rates from economically undeveloped settlements of Southeast or East Anatolia regions. Zeyrek has not much commercial potential that it is more of a housing district. The major population of residents in the planning area are housewives and self-employees. The number of fathers with no income is high in Zeyrek. A higher percentage of fathers earn between 62-124 USD in Zeyrek concentrating on marginal sector. Building-User Relationship Most of the families are tenants in the district. There is a small portion of families living in the building free of charge. Almost half of the residents have lived in that residence for a period of less than 5 years. The continuous immigration from economically undeveloped regions of Turkey creates a dynamic mobile population profile. Social Communication Interaction Levels 52% of the inhabitants surveyed in the study have relatives in the same district. This is a general issue in historic areas used as primary migration nodes. There are nearly no common places for neighbourhood gatherings in Zeyrek, neither green areas. Newly opened cafes as Zeyrekhane are inefficient in serving inhabitants. Users Opinions About Urban Conservation It was determined that a small portion of residents, especially tenants, has a true understanding of conservation area for Zeyrek. However, the residents thoughts are in the direction of the preservation of listed buildings to beautify the district. The willingness to participate in neighborhood beautification efforts with their neighbors is 64%, giving the evidence for active public for future conservation efforts.
Playground in Zeyrek
Social Life in Zeyrek
ZEYREK social structure analysis

Street Life in Zeyrek
Social structure analysis covers the demographic and socio-economic aspects of the inhabitants of the planning area, as well as their interactions with their environment and their expectations, their approach to urban conservation and the historical environment. Information was gathered from households in both listed and non-listed buildings. One hundred questionnaires were prepared with 50 applied to each of listed and non-listed buildings.
Zeyrek
an integrated conservation approach

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In Zeyrek, the efforts are directed towards the elimination of land uses not in accordance with the traditional urban fabric of the area and the replacement of these land uses with more harmonious functions as it was envisaged in the upper-level plans. Planning decisions are considered related to:
Development Plan
Evaluation
Type of Proposed Action
population density transportation
and
ZEYREK evaluation and planning decisions

This stage of the Study comprises of comprehensive conservation approaches within the planning strategies help to provide the revitalisation of the district with respect to traditional urban character.
Planning Decisions stanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture
land use and building functions conservation listed property of
non-listed buildings
Zeyrek

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Three Dimensional Evaluation of Historic Townscape in Zeyrek
Visual Quality in Fazilet Street
Townscape Analysis of Visual Quality
Townscape Analysis of Accessibility
Townscape Analysis of Accessibility
ZEYREK urban design project

Visual potential in urban historic quarter to regain authentic architectural and urban characteristics is evaluated in this stage.
Harmony with the Architectural Character in Fazlet Street
In the survey and townscape analysis of Zeyrek urban historic quarter, threedimensional data is used. Each townscape parameter framed on conceptual evaluation of urban space is considered on the model.
stanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture Harmony with the Architectural Character
Urban Design Project
Zeyrek

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Existing Uses of Zeyrek
Proposed Uses of Zeyrek Urban Design Project
EXISTING
ZEYREK urban design project

The 1/500 scale Urban Design Project is developed in the surrounding of Molla Zeyrek Mosque. This area forms the heart of the district, with the streets of city blocks that are open to the Mosque.
PROPOSED
Molla Zeyrek Mosque and Zeyrekhane
Zeyrekhane
Facade of Fazilet Street
Suleymaniye
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Occupancy of the Buildings
Suleymaniye is an important node for historical townscape of Istanbul. Monumental buildings constitute an important defining role of the historic area. Though, there seen an important decay in the listed timber structures. It is Istanbuls one of the most important distribution node of goods and services. Manufaturaclar Bazaar on Atatrk Boulevard has an important impact on the development of commercial and manufactural facilities and on the type of residents, with the replacement of previous housing units by warehouses or manufactural units. The university has much effect on shaping the functional reuse of the listed structures.
SULEYMANIYE survey and analysis

Suleymaniye Conservation Area boundaries were first declared in 1977 and ratified in 1987. According to survey analysis, 405 of total 1557 buildings in the area are listedbuildings. Suleymaniye Mosque, Kalenderhane and Vefa Mosque are significant examples for monumental buildings of which constitute 15.3% of the listed-buildings.

Land Ownership
Harmony with the Architectural Character
Historic Monuments (Muller Map)
Listed Structures
Suleymaniye
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SOCIAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS IN SULEYMANIYE

The site was a place where the rich and elegant society of Ottoman administrative class were living in 17th century, unfortunately, in the 20th century, the structures were left to worker immigrants and their families from eastern regions of Turkey in order to be used for housing, manufacture or wholesale ateliers with the industrialization and development competition of Istanbul metropolis. This situation brings new discussions of gentrification in the case that the original social layout has changed competely as in Suleymaniye. The existence of Istanbul University in the core of the planning area gives an important impact on social restructuring. The student population brings new socio-economic functions and creates a socially active environment indirectly. This potential cannot be ignored when considering development in socio-cultural dimensions. Demographic Structure Most of the families are extended families of more than 5 or 7 people. This stems from the increasing immigration rates from economically undeveloped settlements of Southeast or East Anatolia regions. 42.1% of the mothers and 43.9% of the fathers in the region were born in cities of South-East Anatolia, generally from Adyaman or Mardin. Bachelor dwellings which house 8 to 10 men in one room are one of the most important problems Suleymaniye faces. Suleymaniye is a center where most of Istanbuls European sides distribution of goods is supplied, therefore, it houses the basic young labour force in its content. The inhabitants mostly work in the manufacture and commercial sector and in marginal jobs. The number of fathers with no income is rather higher in Suleymaniye compared to Zeyrek and Yenikapi. Majority of the fathers earn between 124-186 USD a month. Building-User Relationship Most of the families are tenants. There is a small portion of families living in the building free of charge. The continuous immigration from economically undeveloped regions of Turkey creates a dynamic mobile population profile. Thus, almost half of the residents have lived in their residences for a period of less than 5 years. Social Communication Interaction Levels There are a number of common places for neighbourhood gatherings in Suleymaniye, because of its functional role as a tourism, religious and education. Users Opinions About Urban Conservation It was determined that a small portion of residents has a true understanding of conservation area for Suleymaniye. The residents thoughts are in the direction of the replacement of the listed house with a modern, multi-storey building beautifies the district.
Street Life in Suleymaniye
Social Life in Suleymaniye
SULEYMANIYE social structure analysis

Social structure analysis includes the demographic and socio-economic aspects of the inhabitants of the planning area, as well as their interactions with the environment, their expectations and their perspectives in defining urban conservation and historical environment. Information was gathered from 100 households equally shared in between both listed and non-listed buildings.
Traditional Wedding Ceremony

Suleymaniye

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5 Block No Lot No Building No Construction Mtrl. Storey Height Use Ow nership Building Condition Harmony Listing Status Action type 6 Block No Lot No Building No Construction Mtrl. Storey Height Use Ow nership Building Condition Harmony Listing Status Action type 7 Block No Lot No Building No Construction Mtrl. Storey Height Use Ow nership Building Condition Harmony Listing Status Action type 8 Block No Lot No Building No Construction Mtrl. Storey Height Use Ow nership Building Condition Harmony Listing Status Action type 496 24-25 8-9 Exis ting Situation Concrete 3 Residential Private Partners Very Good Condition Harmonious Not Listed Listed Existing Building 3 Residential Proposal 494 10 7 Existing Situation Timber 2 Residential Private Individual Bad Condition Harmonious Listed Restoration 2 Residential Proposal 496 11 6 Exis ting Situation timber 3 Residential Private Individual Avarage Condition Harmonious Listed Restoration 3 Residential Proposal 496 16 5 Exis ting Situation Timber 3 Residential Private Partners Ruined Harmonious Listed Restoration 3 Residential Proposal
Example of the Evaluation List
The efforts are directed towards the prevention of the economic role of Suleymaniye as a distribution node of goods to eliminate the landuse not in accordance with the traditional urban fabric of the area and the replacement of these land uses with more harmonious functions. Planning decisions are considered related to:
Development Plan
Evaluation
urban fabric and transportation land use and building functions conservation of listed property non-listed buildings socio-cultural development
Planning Decisions
SULEYMANIYE evaluation and planning decisions


Suleymaniye

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Historic quarter on the south of Suleymaniye Mosque is considered as a pilot area to develop the 1/1000 scale urban design project. This zone is chosen for preserving the traditional architectural character and urban fabric of Suleymaniye Urban Historic Site. While verifying proposals for building forms, structural additions on listed buildings are firstly removed. Infill applications on building forms are designed according to original structural conditions and story height of buildings.
Urban Design Project Interventions for Listed Buildings
SULEYMANIYE urban design project

Within this step of the study, proposals for listed structures, land and building uses, transportation system and open urban spaces are figured out in a design scheme with three dimensional interventions for listed buildings.
Yenikapi
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Occupancy of the Building
Yenikapi-Yali Mahallesi is a typical historic urban quarter of old Istanbul with its masonry and timber civil architecture and its cultural inheritance. It has always been a residential area. However, the increasing density of manufactural sector, warehouses, car repairing activities has been damaging the residential character of the traditional physical and social layout of Yali Mahallesi recently. Such developments on main boulevards create job opportunities for residents, but does not effect the economical development of Yali Mahallesi as a whole. However, it still manages in preserving its urban fabric with original architectural character.
YENIKAPI survey and analysis

The boundary for the Yenikapi Conservation Area is determined to cover the historic core of Yali Mahallesi. There is only one monumental building in the area, which is Church of Surp Tartios Partihiminios. The church is still in use, and surrounded by newly built disharmonious structures that hide the monumental character. Being an intersection node of main transportation modes of Anatolian and European sides of Istanbul brings a significant impact on the area for future.
Land Ownership
Harmony with the Architectural Character
Pervititch Map
Listed Structures
Yenikapi
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SOCIAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS IN YENIKAPI-YALI MAHALLESI

Yenikapi-Yali Mahallesi has been succeeded in preserving its unique architectural characteristics, and housed Istanbuls important nightclubs of high-level society till 1960s. After 1960s, with the construction of Kennedy Street through the seashore, it has changed both physically and socially. The increase in non-residential activities caused Yenikapi-Yali Mahallesis own residents to leave the settlement. The empty places, generally listed buildings, were filled by the immigrants of low income coming from the economically undeveloped regions of Turkey, especially from Southeast and East Anatolia regions. The new families of low income groups in Yenikapi-Yali Mahallesi, mostly working in the service sector and in marginal jobs, generally settle down the area in for a temporary period, as a step in between better conditions which will be provided by higher incomes. This temporary approach causes lack of care of the buildings or surrounding. Moreover, the low-income level of residents hardens the preservation of historic urban character of the area. When high maintenance costs added on the population who are mainly tenants, the listed buildings are left to become dilapidation. Demographic Structure Most of the families are extended families of more than 5 people in Yenikapi-Yali Mahallesi. This stems from the increasing immigration rates from economically undeveloped settlements of East, Southeast Anatolia or Black Sea regions. Yenikapi-Yali Mahallesi houses the labour force working in near commercial centers and entertainment business. The major population of residents in the planning areas are housewives and self-employees. The number of fathers with no income is rather high. Majority earn between more than 284 USD with the benefit of working in entertainment business. Building-User Relationship Most of the families are tenants. There is a small portion of families living in the building free of charge. Almost half of the residents have lived in that residence for a period of less than 5 years. The continuous immigration from economically undeveloped regions of Turkey creates a dynamic mobile population profile. Social Communication Interaction Levels Majority of the inhabitants have relatives in near surrounding. Yenikapi-Yali Mahallesi is fortunate by the fact that green areas surrounding the settlement create breathing spaces for residents. However, outdoor and indoor settings are insufficient in number. Users Opinions About Urban Conservation It was determined that a small portion of residents has a true understanding of conservation area. The residents thoughts of Yenikapi-Yali Mahallesi are in the direction of the replacement of the listed house with a modern, multi-storey building beautifies the district, thus rapid demolishment activities show the reality.
Playground in YenikapiYali Mahallesi Street Life in YenikapiYali Mahallesi
YENIKAPI social structure analysis

The survey includes the demographic and socio-economic aspects of the inhabitants of the planning area, as well as their interactions with the environment, their expectations and their perspectives in defining urban conservation and historical environment. Information was gathered from 70 households equally shared in between both listed and non-listed buildings.
Social Life in YenikapiYali Mahallesi

Yenikapi

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7 Block No Lot No Building No Construction Mtrl. Storey Height Use Ow nership Building Condition Harmony Listing Status Action type Block No Lot No Building No Construction Mtrl. Storey Height Use Ow nership Building Condition Harmony Listing Status Action type Block No Lot No Building No Construction Mtrl. Storey Height Use Ow nership Building Condition Harmony Listing Status Action type Block No Lot No Building No Construction Mtrl. Storey Height Use Ow nership Building Condition Harmony Listing Status Action type 831 10 7 Exis ting Situation Timber 3 Residential Private Individual Good Condition Harmonious Listed Liberation Residential Proposal 831 6;7 5 Exis ting Situation Masonry 3 Residential Private Partners Good Condition Harmonious Listed Liberasyon 2 Residential Proposal 831 5 4 Exis ting Situation Timber+Masonry 3 Unoccupied House Private Individual Ruin Harmonious Listed Consolidation Residential Proposal 830 12 27 Exis ting Situation Timber+Masonry 3 Residential Private Partners Bad Condition Harmonious Listed Liberation Residential Proposal
Example of the Evaluation List
Planning efforts are directed towards the reorganization of the role of Yenikapi-Yali mahallesi to be in accordance with the traditional urban fabric of the area and to serve in its hinterland. New economic functioning is proposed to provide new job opportunities reflecting the potential to increase the income level of inhabitants. Planning decisions are considered related to:
Development Plan
Evaluation
urban fabric and transportation land use and building functions conservaton of listed property non-listed buildings socio-cultural development
Planning Decisions
YENIKAPI evaluation and planning decisions


Yenikapi

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In the study area, 1/1000 scale urban design project is developed with proposals for both land and building levels. While verifying proposals for building forms, structural additions on listed buildings are firstly removed. Infill applications on building forms are designed according to original structural conditions and story height of buildings.
Urban Design Project Interventions for Listed Buildings
YENIKAPI urban design project

Within this step of the study, proposals for listed structures, land and building uses, transportation system and open urban spaces are figured out in a design scheme with three dimensional interventions for listed buildings.


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Under the roof of Conservation Study, the following structures were set up to implement the plan: An expert in both national and international levels is promoted as Project Leader, dealing with the true functioning of the whole management scheme and operating financial resources. The secondary partners are the Project Coordinators doing the plan and the Project Consultants contributing in evaluation and decision-making processes. Consultative bodies ensure the effective and efficient continuity of the study between diverse groups and organizations mentioned above, community, tourism interests, arts, cultural interests, business and trade groups. The full participation of public in evaluation and decision-making processes is supported, so as private enterprises. To ease the implementation process, each sub-project is run by a Project Team. Sub-project groups are established under the themes of physical, socio-cultural and economic dimensions. A Vision Center served as a vital means of communication and publicity, ensure the cooperation between various sub-projects raising the profile of the historic district. A Monitoring Committee is proposed to be established in order to monitor the implementation process. To maintain financial support for the implementation is surely the most important problems the conservation studies face. The study looks for the consistent and appropriate solutions to ease the difficulties run by the scarce resources. A self-processed funding scheme is settled inbetween national and international partners of public and private sectors to fill the capital pool. European Union and UNESCO are the main international supporting organizations in the financial management scheme. In national level, a multi-partnership mechanism is set up with the contribution of Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Greater Municipality, District Municipalities, Foundations, Universities and private sector. Financial aid, besides incentives, from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and foundations is ensured by the fact that only if the proposed project on a land is on their ownership. The Ministry can support the study by funds and incentives such as tax relief and subsidies on tourist activities that are proposed on tourist-cultural facility zones. Local bodies of Greater Municipality and district municipalities help to restore historic buildings and provide consultancy to maintain a Community Center. University Foundation having an effect on social development of the area is responsible for the establishment of Training Center for capacity building and dormitory opportunities for students. The district has to be successful in levering private sector investment, in particular, significant investment from the service sector: private offices, restaurant and other entertainment businesses. The Financial support from private entrepreneurs can be maintained in commercial corridors. It is important to state that public participation in the process will guarantee the continuity of efforts.
Yenikapi Zeyrek
implementation and financial management

To provide a management process defining a cooperated participation between administrative units during the implementation process is determined in the Study.
Suleymaniye
It is recognized that the local authority could not achieve the comprehensive plan acting alone. A new approach was therefore proposed, involving a partnership of public and private bodies, including local and central government, as well as private enterprises. Because of its global role, the project is handled with the contribution of national and especially of international partners.

Istanbul

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Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

world heritage project

Cases of Zeyrek Suleymaniye Yenikapi

Istanbul Project: Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

MAIN FRAMES OF THE STUDY

Examples of Listed Monumental Architecture

Cases of Zeyrek Suleymaniye Yenikapi

Examples of Listed Civil Architecture

stanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture

Istanbul Project: Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

introduction to world heritage project

Brief Definition Brief Definition

Development of Goal and Development of Goal and Objectives Objectives

Survey and Analysis Survey and Analysis

world heritage historic areas of istanbul

Evaluation of Survey and Evaluation of Survey and Analysis Analysis

implementation and management framework.

stanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture

Istanbul Project: Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

a world heritage project

Istanbul Project: Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

a world heritage project

goal and objectives

Flexibility and Applicability

Istanbul Project: Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

Condition of the Building

Occupancy of the Buildings

Use of Land and Building Ground Floor

ZEYREK survey and analysis

Istanbul Project: Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

SOCIAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS IN ZEYREK

Social Life in Zeyrek

ZEYREK social structure analysis

Istanbul Project: Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

an integrated conservation approach

Type of Proposed Action

population density transportation

ZEYREK evaluation and planning decisions

land use and building functions conservation listed property of

Istanbul Project: Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

an integrated conservation approach

Visual Quality in Fazilet Street

Townscape Analysis of Visual Quality

Townscape Analysis of Accessibility

Townscape Analysis of Accessibility

ZEYREK urban design project

Urban Design Project

Istanbul Project: Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study

an integrated conservation approach

Existing Uses of Zeyrek

Proposed Uses of Zeyrek Urban Design Project

ZEYREK urban design project

Molla Zeyrek Mosque and Zeyrekhane

Facade of Fazilet Street

Istanbul Project: Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study