Works Cited Primary sources:

Letters:
Du Pont, S.F. Letter to Gideon Welles, Secretary of the U.S. Navy. 14 May 1862. MS. N.p. In this letter Admiral Du Pont praises Robert's bravery and intelligence to the Secretary of the U.S. Navy. Intelligence, City. "The Steamer Planter." Charleston Daily Courier [Charleston, South Carolina] 14 May 1862: n. pag. Print. This is the Southern perspective of the treasonous act of the theft of the Planter.

Newspaper Articles:
Ravenel, F.G. "Memorandum." Letter to Roswell S. Ripley. 13 May 1862. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies, Series 1, vol. 12, 821. Web. 25 Feb. 2013. Brevet Lieutenant F.G. Ravenel wrote a letter to the officer in charge of the Confederate defenses informing him of the theft of the Planter. "The Steamer Planter and Her Captor." Harper's Weekly [New York, New York] 14 June 1862: 372. Print. This is the perspective of the Union side that portrayed Robert as a hero.

Secondary Sources:

Websites:
"Abduction of the Confederate Steamer Planter from Charleston, S. C., May 13, 1862." The Civil War Gazette. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2013. This website consists of how Robert Smalls stole The Planter from the South and delivered it to the North. They did it by

waiting till 4a.m. while the captain and the crew were on the shore. Robert Smalls and the rest of the slaves steered the ship north and arrived safely in Union hands. S.F. DuPont comments on Roberts superior intelligence.

Blain Roberts Ethan J. Kytle. "Robert Smalls' Great Escape." Opinionator Robert Smalls' Great Escape Comments. New York times, 12 May 2012. Web. 05 Jan. 2013.

Celliana, Miss. "Neatorama." Neatorama. N.p., 15 Feb. 2012. Web. 05 Jan. 2013. In this website it talks how Robert Smalls became a worker on The Planter and how he stole it.

Hall, Andy. "Dead Confederates, A Civil War Era Blog." Dead Confederates A Civil War Era Blog. N.p., 17 May 2012. Web. 26 Jan. 2013. Here we found a copy of the communication that the Brevet Lieutenant wrote to the naval superiors regarding the abduction of the Planter. Hall, Andy. "Dead Confederates, A Civil War Era Blog." Dead Confederates A Civil War Era Blog. N.p., 18 May 2012. Web. 25 Feb. 2013.This blog contains information regarding the reward and what the reward amount actually should have been.

Hall, Andy. "Dead Confederates, A Civil War Era Blog." Web log post. Dead Confederates A Civil War Era Blog. N.p., 13 May 2012. Web. 16 Feb. 2013. <http://deadconfederates.com/2012/05/13/one-of-the-most-daring-and-heroic-adventuressince-the-war-commenced/>. On this website we discovered the letter written by the officer of the Planter to the Confederate commanders explaining the theft of the ship.

McLeod, Harriet. "South Carolina Marks Ex-slave's Daring Sail to Freedom." Reuters. Thomson Reuters, 14 May 2012. Web. 06 Jan. 2013.

Paul Zummo, Donald R. McClarey. "Almost Chosen People." Almost Chosen People. N.p., 13 May 2012. Web. 05 Jan. 2013.

PBS. PBS, 2004. Web. 06 Jan. 2013. This website talks a little about his early life up until the Civil War and how he was forced to work for the place he longed to escape. It also spoke of how he served on the ship The Planter later in his life.

"Robert Smalls." - New World Encyclopedia. New World Encyclopedia, 4 May 2008. Web. 05 Jan. 2013. This website speaks of his early life and what it was like. It's also about how he escaped and how he became a big naval hero and the first Black Congressman. "Robertsmalls.org." The Commonwealth, Boston Saturday, March 25, 1865. Robertsmalls.org, 25 Mar. 1865. Web. 05 Jan. 2013. This is a newspaper article from the day he brought The Planter to the North.

"SC Events Mark Little-known Civil War Incident." The Augusta Chronicle. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2013. This website is about all of his life from when he was born to when he became the first Black Congressman.

U.S. Department of Education Underground Railroad Educational and Cultural (URR) Program.

"Robert Smalls, People of the Underground Railroad in America: National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in Cincinnati, Ohio." Robert Smalls, People of the Underground Railroad in America : National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, n.d. Web. 05 Jan. 2013.

Uya, Okon Edet. From Slavery to Public Service: Robert Smalls : 1839-1915. New York: Oxford UP, 1971. Print.

Books:
Burton, Orville Vernon. The Age of Lincoln. New York: Hill and Wang, 2007. 39+. Print. From this book we learned about the early life as a slave and his life after he got the reward for the boat and his service as a Congressmen for the Republican party. Cooper, Michael L. From Slave to Civil War Hero: The Life and times of Robert Smalls. New York: Lodestar, 1994. Print.

Dray, Philip. Capitol Men: The Epic Story of Reconstruction through the Lives of the First Black Congressmen. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2008. 3+. Print. From this book we learned about the early life as a slave and his life after he got the reward for the boat and him as a congressman for the Republican Party.

Franklin, John Hope, and Alfred A. Moss. From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans. New York: A.A Knopf, 2000. 235+. Print. From this book we learned about

the 1st Black men working at the Capitol, one of which was Robert Smalls.

Halfmann, Janet, and Duane Smith. Seven Miles to Freedom: The Robert Smalls Story. New York: Lee & Low, 2008. Print. This book was about his slave life, but states more about the 7 miles he traveled in The Planter to the Union ships on post outside Charleston Harbor.

Kennedy, Robert Francis, and Patrick Faricy. Robert Smalls: The Boat Thief. New York: Hyperion for Children, 2008. Print. American Heroes series for children discussing Robert Smalls' story, his congressional life, and his contributions to public education.

Meriwether, Louise, and Lee Jack Morton. The Freedom Ship of Robert Smalls. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1971. Print. From this book we learned about the life of Robert Smalls from when he was hired out to his buying his wife's freedom to when he stole The Planter.

Sterling, Dorothy. Captain of the Planter: The Story of Robert Smalls. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1958. Print.

Sterling, Philip, Rayford Whittingham Logan, and Charles White. "Robert Smalls." Four Took Freedom: The Lives of Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, Robert Smalls, and Blanche K. Bruce. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1967. 68-95. Print. From this book we learned about Robert Smalls hiring himself out and the stealing of The Planter.

Audio:
D. A. French. "Sixty-Three Is The Jubilee." Rec. 1863. Cws35. D. A. French. Root&Cady, 1863. Pdmusic.org. Benjamin Robert Tubb, 3 Feb. 2011. Web. 16 Feb. 2013. <http://www.pdmusic.org/civilwar/cws36.mid>. This song is an emancipation song from 1863.

Howe, Julia W. Battle Hymn Of The Republic. Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, 1862. Web. 16 Feb. 2013. <lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200000858/default.html>. A Union song during the Civil War.

Videos:
"Http://video.scetv.org/video/2238996688." The Big Picture: Robert Smalls. PBS Etv. South Carolina, 24 May 2012. Television. Robert Smalls - an enslaved African American, a Union hero of the Civil War, and a US Congressman representing South Carolina. From Charleston, special guest host, Judge Alex Sanders discusses this South Carolinian's life and the impact he had on the state's history with various guests.

E-Mails:
"Materials on Congressman Robert Smalls." Message to the author. 3 Dec. 2012. E-mail. Helen B. Moore, the great-granddaughter of Robert Smalls gave us a connection for where to get curriculum on Robert Smalls. She also gave us her phone number and said we could

call with questions.

"Materials on Congressman Robert Smalls." Message to Jane Lagos. 24 Feb. 2013. E-mail. Helen Boulware Moore answered four questions we had regarding her great-grandfather, Robert Smalls. We asked about reward money, the idea for the white sheet, how families got to the wharf, and how Robert became wheelmaster.

"Primary Sources about Robert Smalls." Message to the author. 3 Dec. 2012. E-mail. The Beaufort District Collection Manager suggested books from the Beaufort County Library and the importance of education to Robert Smalls.

"Robert Smalls and SS Planter." Message to the author. 5 Dec. 2012. E-mail. Dennis Cannady of Beaufort, SC gave us a treasure trove of information. He has done extensive research on Robert Smalls and made a scale model of the Planter. He gave permission to use his research in our project. "Robert Smalls." Message to the author. 3 Dec. 2012. E-mail. Mr. Dulaney, of the University of Texas at Arlington suggested we look at the Library of Congress for an online version of Harper's Weekly and The National American Review.

"Robert Smalls." Message to the author. 4 Dec. 2012. E-mail. Jeff Powley, Education Manager at The South Carolina State Museum, suggested we look at the Harper's Weekly article. He also sent us a copy of the Planter's escape route.

"Robert Smalls." Message to the author. 8 Dec. 2012. E-mail. Bernard Powers of the College of Charleston, who was in the PBS documentary we watched, suggested that we check archives of the New York Times and Ira Berlin's Southern Freedmen and Society Project.

"Robert Smalls." Message to the author. 8 Dec. 2012. E-mail. Vernon Burton of Clemson University suggested that the US Park Service, a little book on Robert Smalls probably about 45 pages would be a good place to start.