HUMAN BODY, NUTRITION, AILMENT & CURES

By - Vipin K. Bansal
Knowledge about Human Body, System and parts, Food and Nutrition, Deficiency, Role of Water in body, Calorie and Weight Chart, Kind of Diseases, its symptoms, Warning Signs and Cures, Birth Control, Smoking and much more

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Table of Contents

Acknowledgement .............................................................................................................................. 3 Preface................................................................................................................................................... 4 Human Body............................................................................................................................................ 5 Composition ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Systems of the Body............................................................................................................................ 5 Parts of the Body................................................................................................................................. 6 Body statistics ...................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Food and Nutrition.................................................................................................................................. 7 Carbohydrates..................................................................................................................................... 7 Proteins ............................................................................................................................................... 8 Fats ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 Minerals .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Vitamins .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Vitamin-Mineral Sources, Functions and Deficiency Chart .................................................................... 9 Role of Water in the Human Body ........................................................................................................ 10 Calorie Chart ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Kinds of Diseases................................................................................................................................... 11 Warning Sign of Disease and its Cure ................................................................................................... 12 Heart Attack ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Diabetes ............................................................................................................................................ 12 Blood Pressure .................................................................................................................................. 13 Alzheimer .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Foot pain and care ............................................................................................................................ 13 Jet Lag ............................................................................................................................................... 14 Diseases and affected part of the body ................................................................................................ 14 Health and Weight Chart ...................................................................................................................... 16 Symptoms and Relief ............................................................................................................................ 16 Fever ................................................................................................................................................. 16 Headache and Bodyache................................................................................................................... 17 Flu (Influenza) ................................................................................................................................... 17 Diarrhea ............................................................................................................................................ 17

Cholesterol ........................................................................................................................................ 18 Thyroid .............................................................................................................................................. 18 Dental Problem ................................................................................................................................. 18 Birth Control and Care during Pregnancy ............................................................................................. 19 Birth Control...................................................................................................................................... 19 Care during Pregnancy ...................................................................................................................... 19 Smoking................................................................................................................................................. 20 First Aid ................................................................................................................................................. 20 Questions related to this chapter: ........................................................................................................ 21 Scoring System ................................................................................................................................... 23 Answers............................................................................................................................................... 23 Bibliography....................................................................................................................................... 24 Thank You! ........................................................................................................................................ 24

Acknowledgement

When a book like this comes into existence, it was very hard to name and thank all the people that helped me shape this book. It took me more than seven years to consolidate and format all the content in a manner that may benefit the readers.

However, I always thank my wife and my two sons for continued help and to design this book. I also express my sincere gratitude to my father who is my best teacher also for his continued encouragement and invaluable support.

Preface I started writing this book on various subjects so that it can offer the basic guidance to the people preparing for any type of competition in their life.

Everyone can get benefitted with this set of books. The Key to Success has been written for the people trying to prepare for such type of competitions. The scope of this book is not to deep dive on any subject rather swim across various layers but to qualify for winning in any field of life.

I hope everyone will be benefitted with this book. This book cannot be used to gain exhaustive knowledge on any given subject but it provides enough information that you can easily remember and be better prepared yourself.

At the end of the book, a multi-choice questionnaire is given that has only one correct answer. Try to attempt those questions on your own and then check the correct answers from the Answer sheet.

Thank You !!!

Human Body
Composition
A human body is system having millions of cells and have about 100 trillion cells. The human body is two-third full of water. Almost 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of the six elements oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus and only 1% is composed of potassium, sulphur, Magnesium, Sodium and chlorine. All are necessary to life. Body composition is made up of muscles, fat, bones, brain, nerves tissues, teeth (made up of Calcium), Air, Urine and Blood. The volume of the blood in human body is about 7% of the body weight.

Systems of the Body

The major organs of the body are Circulatory system, Digestive System, Integumentary system, Lymphatic system, Urinary System, Nervous System, Musculoskeletal system, Reproductive system, Respiratory system and Vestibular system. The cardiovascular system comprises the heart, veins, arteries and capillaries. The primary function of the heart is to circulate the blood through the body and oxygen and minerals are transferred to the tissues. The digestive system processes food and transforms nutrients into energy. It consists of stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The integumentary system is the largest organ system in the body i.e. Skin which is responsible for protecting the body from most physical and environmental factors. It also includes the sweat glands, hair, nails etc. The function of the lymphatic system is to extract, transport and fluid supply between cells. The human musculoskeletal system consists of the human skeleton, made by bones attached to other bones with joints. An adult human has approximately 206 bones. The nervous system communicates information. The Reproductive system takes place as internal fertilization by sexual intercourse. The respiratory system is the system that performs gas exchange. Disorders of the respiratory system are bronchitis, Tuberculosis (T.B.), pneumonia, Asthma, asbestosis etc. Coughing is the main method to remove dust, mucus, saliva and other debris from the lungs. The urinary system is the organ that produce, stores and eliminates urine. It includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder and the urethra. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that lie in the abdomen. o The kidneys receive their blood supply of 1.25 litres per minute. Kidneys main role is to filter water soluble waste products from the blood. It excretes and reabsorbs Sodium, Potassium and Calcium. o The pH balance is regulated by the excretion of bound acids and ammonium ions. The kidneys remove urea, a

nitrogenous waste. Humans produce about 2.9 litres of urine in a day.

The vestibular system is the sensory system that provides the leading contribution about movement and sense of balance.

Parts of the Body

The entire body is divided into eight parts as Skeleton, Muscles, Circulatory and Respiratory system, Digestive system, Urinary system, Glandular system, Nervous system and Skin. It has about 9 metre long tube for food intake and excretes. Intestine process speed is one inch per minute. During a life span of 70 years, a person intake is approximately 40 tonnes of food and approximately 3 lac litres of water. Skin weight is about 3 kg. which covers about 2 sq.metre surface of the body. Human Brain at the time of birth weighs 400 gms. which till adulthood weighs about 1.4 Kg. in man and 1.3 Kg. in woman. The brain consumes approx. 20% of Oxygen, 20% of Calories and 15% of body blood. The brain stores infinite information that comes to its contact. The speed of any message reaches to brain within 0.001 seconds. Nerves length in the body is approx. 72.5 Km. The nerve impulses travels at a speed of 100 metre/sec. Heart has 96000 blood vessels. In a day approx. 28000 Litres of blood is pumped through the above blood vessels. The Heart and Kidney never take rest. However when we sneeze, heart also stops functioning. Blood comprises Plasma, Red Blood Cells (RBC), White Blood Cells (WBC) and Platelets. Plasma is made up of 90% water, 7% proteins and nutrients, salt, nitrogen waste, carbon dioxide and hormones. Approximately 80 Lacs RBC are produced in bone marrow every second. WBC count normally ranges between 4500 to 11000 per cu. Mm. and Platelets normally ranges between 15000 and 3 Lacs per cu. Mm. Those persons who live in high altitude have 2 litres more blood than live on Ground. Human Lungs weighs about 1 kg. each. A man breathes 13-17 times per minutes at the Rest time and 80 times during exercise. On an average a man breathes 21600 times a day. A Liver has more than thousand functions. It regulates hormonal balances, cholesterol, blood clotting and poisons. The liver is the only organ that can be regenerated. If 2/3rd portion is removed, a whole liver can be grown up back. It stores Glycogen which converts into glucose and burns to provide energy. Stomach is the main part of the body. It produces 2 litres of hydrochloric acid (HCl) daily to burn the food in stomach. 5 lac cells of stomach inner walls are replaced every minute to protect from damage the walls of stomach from acid. There are 639 muscles in the whole body which is equal to 40% of the body weight of a person. If we smile, 17 muscles take part and when we stare, 42 muscles take part. The strongest muscle

is masseter which is located in jaw. A mans ear can detect 1500 different tones, 350 decibel loudness and trace the direction of a sound within 3 degree. Tongue can contain more than 10000 taste buds which are renewed weekly. However, it can distinguish 500 different tastes. There are 4 taste zones i.e. bitter, salty, sweet and sour. A nose can smell more than 2000 different smells. When we sneeze, air passes at the rate of 150 km. per sec. A human eye can detect 10000 colours. A normal person blinks his eyes every 4-6 seconds. The retinas sense the Yellow color faster than any other colours. Hence the school buses are painted yellow to catch faster by the school goers. An average person take approx. 1000 millions foot steps in his full life span. A person has more than a lac of hairs on his scalp. 45 hairs are lost every day. Each follicle is

capable to produce 9 metre in full life. About 2 billion body cells wear out and are replaced every day. The outer most layer of the skin is replaced every 15 to 30 days. Bones give shape to the body and size and thickness of the bones depend on the health and height of each human being. Femur, the largest bone, Tibia (Shin Bone) and Calf bone are three largest bones of the body located in the thigh or leg. Humerus bone connects shoulder with elbow in the arm. Sternum is also 10th largest bone located in the chest. Stirrup is the smallest bone found in the ear which is just cm. long and 2-5 mg. weight. Out of total 206 bones, 27 bones in each hand and leg i.e. 106 bones and rest 100 bones cover the entire body. A new born baby take birth with 300 bones which fuses together comes to 206 bones after a short period of years.

Food and Nutrition

The food is very essential material for the growth of human body. It provides Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Minerals, Vitamins and water.

Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are rich in fruits, dairy products, sugar etc. Whole Grains are one of the best source of carbohydrates because it contains Fiber, Minerals and Vitamins also. Starch is a carbohydrate which has a large quantity of glucose. It cannot be dissolved in cold water. The other items such as Beans, Peanuts, Maize, Whet, Rice, Barley, Carrots, Cauliflower, Corn, Peas, Potato, Soy Beans, Coconut, Date, Grapes, Lemon, Mango, Banana, Melon, tomato, Broccoli, Lettuce, Spinach, ginger, Radish and Pulses (Arhar, Chana, Motth, Rajma, Sesame) are rich in carbohydrates.

Proteins
Protein is necessary for built up repair of body tissues. It produces enzymes, hormones and other substances. It regulates body balancing, transporting nutrients and making muscles contract. It keeps the body healthy by resisting diseases. Protein is found in muscles, bones, haemoglobin, hormones, antibodies and enzymes. Since the muscles are made up of Protein and water, it is necessary to have more water to increase muscle mass. Complete protein foods are beef, chicken, fish, eggs, milk, grains, seed and nuts, vegetables, barley, beans, lentils, broccoli, rice, seafood etc.

Fats
Fat is a nutrient that is necessary for health and a major source of energy. It is important for proper growth and development. Foods from animal sources that are rich in saturated fats include beef, lamb, pork, butter, cream, milk, cheeses and other dairy products. All these foods also contain dietary cholesterol. Foods from plant sources that contain saturated fat include coconut oil, palm oil etc. Butter is rich in both saturated fat and cholesterol and is highly harmful to cause arteries to be blocked.

Minerals
All minerals are metals that come from the plants grown on earth. Since human cannot digest mineral rocks, hence plant base food is digested to have minerals in the body. There are 14 minerals in the body either in less or in large percentage. They are called Macro minerals and Trace minerals. Macro Minerals are Calcium, Chloride, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Sodium and Sulphur. The Trace Minerals are Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Copper, Iodine and Chromium. Red meat, eggs, fish, pork, sea salt, green vegetables, beans, cabbage, garlic, spinach, lentils, nuts, Fruits, Milk products etc. are rich in minerals.

Vitamins
Vitamins are essential for vision, skin health and to fight with ailments. A deficiency in any type of vitamin can lead to viral infection etc. Over consumption of vitamin can also lead to jaundice, nausea,

loss

of

appetite,

irritability,

vomiting and even hair loss.

Vitamin-Mineral Sources, Functions and Deficiency Chart

Name of Item Vitamin A Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Vitamin B3 Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K

Food Source
Eggs, Milk and Dairy Products, Green Vegetables, Yellow Fruits Meat, Liver, Green Peas, whole grains, Oranges Chicken, Green Vegetable, Eggs, Whole grain etc. Fish, Nuts, Milk, Green Vegetable and Whole grains. Whole grains, Poultry products, Corn, Banana, Fish, Nuts etc. Egg Yolk, Dairy product Fish Sprouts, Orange, Grapes, Tomato, Pepper, Cabbage etc. Milk, Egg yolk, Cereals and Sun Light Green vegetable, Nuts, Egg yolks, Fruits, whole grains. Cabbage, Milk, Egg Yolks, Vegetable etc. M I N E R

Functions
Healthy Skin, Hair and tooth development Proper functioning of Heart and Nervous System

Deficiency
Night Blindness, Dryness of Eyes and Skin, Poor Tooth Enamel etc. Beriberi, Mental confusion, muscle weakness, Leg cramps etc. Skin disorder, crack at mouth, nose and lips, hypersensitivity to light, Cornea and digestion Skin disorder in sun light, digestive disturbance like Diarrhea, Depression etc. Depression, Dizziness, Anemia. Tingling in Fingers, Degeneration of Nerves, Brain and spinal Cord. Scurvy, Weight Loss, Risk of Infection, Bleeding Gums, Aching Joints etc. Rickets, Muscle Weakness, etc.

Healthy skin

Healthy Skin Formation of Red Blood Cells. Sodium-Potassium Balance. Formation of Red Blood Cells. Normal growth and development. Maintains blood vessels, bones, teeth, Heal wounds etc. Protect from Cancer.

Formation of Red Blood Cells Formation of Blood Clotting Proteins. A L S

Muscle Weakness.

Tendency to haemorrhage, delayed blood clotting.

Calcium Chromium Copper Iodine

Dairy Products, Citrus Fruits, Leafy vegetables, Pizza, Soyabean etc. Meat, whole grains, cheese, nuts Fish, Fruit and vegetables. Iodized Salt, Seasalt, Sea Food, etc.

Building strong bones and teeth. Works with Insulin to take sugar into cells.

Stunted growth in children. Osteoporosis disease. Impaired glucose metabolism.

Needed for Haemoglobin.

Bone defects. Enlarged thyroid glands, weight gain, Can cause pregnancy problem.

Part of Thyroxide hormones

Iron Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium Zinc

Red meat, Fish, Poultry, Bread and Cereals, Dry fruits and Green vegetables. Whole grains, Nuts, Seafood, Chocolate etc. Milk and Dairy Products, Fish, Meat, Egg yolks, Soft Drink etc. Fruits, Vegetables, Milk and Dairy Products, Nuts etc. Salt, Soya Sauce, Soups, Milk and Dairy Products. Liver, Egg yolk, Fish, Poultry products, Vegetable etc.

Part of haemoglobin Builds Proteins which needed to relax energy from food. Builds strong bone and teeth. Needed for Muscles and Heart action.

Muscle weakness, Headache and inability to concentrate. Confusion, Nervousness, Muscle weakness. Bone Pain, Muscle Weakness etc. Irregular Heartbeat, Loss of Appetite. Deficiency of diarrhea, sweating etc. Weakness, Mental apathy etc. Slow sexual development, loss of taste etc.

Normal fluid balance. Needed for reproductive hormones and wound healing.

Role of Water in the Human Body

The human body contains about 65% of water. It is found and stored in body cells and blood. Water is a carrier who distributes minerals, vitamins and glucose to the cells of the body. It works as an effective lubricant around joints and works as shock absorbers for Eyes, Brain and Spinal Cord. Safe drinking water is very essential to humans. It contains No Calorie and Organic nutrients. It regulates body temperature. It removes waste products in the form of urine, faeces, tears, perspiration etc. If body loses only 2% of water, it may be a symptom of dehydration. Sign and symptoms of severe dehydration include faintness, low blood pressure, rapid breathing etc. Once diagnosed, dehydration requires immediate attention with water and electrolyte replacement. Slow sips of water and oral rehydration solutions replace the loss of the body. Drinking too much of water each day may also lead to a condition known as hyponatremia, a kind of condition of Coma.

Calorie Chart
It is essential to eat nutritional food regularly for the health. Eating high Item Apple, Mango Calorie 70-100 calorie food is not recommended in daily meal. Avoid deep frying items. Item Boiled Rice Calorie 110

Chickoo Date Papaya, Water melon, Carrot, Spinach Potato, Peas etc. Cucumber Sugar Jaggery Bajra Gram Roasted Peanut (Roasted) Nan Khatai Paneer Pakora Chapati Sliced Bread Paratha Nan Roomali Roti Roti (Plain) Missi Roti

75 280 15-30 25-40 100 10 400 360 370 550 150 375 120 60 275 325 200 60 125

Banana Atta Milk Cheese Ghee & Oil Butter Cream Mawa (Khoya) Ice Cream Sweets Egg Cabbage, Cauliflower Coffee Tea Coconut Palak Paneer Rogan Josh Butter Chicken Fish

80 340 70-120 350 900 750 210 200 200 350 400 35 40 30 450 190 700 450 250

Kinds of Diseases
Non-infectious Disease is caused due to malfunctions of the body. Disturbances of stomach and intestine, urinary problem, tissue degeneration, erratic cell growth etc. Infectious Diseases are caused by virus, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. o Diseases caused by Virus are Chicken Pox, Rabbies, Measles, A.I.D.S., Mumps, Influenza, Hepatitis, Herpes, Viral Encephalitis etc. o Diseases caused by Bacteria are Cholera, Cough, Leprosy, Tetanus, Diphtheria, Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Plague, Sore Throat, Whooping Pneumonia, dysentery, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Botulism etc. o Diseases caused by Fungi are Ringworm, Dhobie itch, Athletes foot etc. Diseases caused by Protozoans are Malaria, Amoebiasis, Kalazaar, Sleeping Sickness, Diarrhea. o Diseases caused by Worms are Filaria, Tapeworm, Hookworm. Degenerative diseases occur due to malfunctioning of some organs in the body. They are Heart Attack, Diabetes, Arthritis etc. Eye diseases are Cataract in which normal vision is hampered. Blindless may be caused. Lens is removed and artificial lens is used. o Glaucoma can cause also blindness and aqueous humour pressure increases. o Hypermetropia also called Far sightedness in which Distance objects is seen clearly but near objects is unable to see clearly and Image formed behind o

Retina. Biconvex lens is used. Strabismus disease where Eye ball turns to any of the sides.

Trachoma, a disease in which Redness in the eye is seen.

Warning Sign of Disease and its Cure

Heart Attack
A heart attack occurs when the flow of oxygen to a section of heart muscle suddenly becomes blocked. If it is not restored quickly, heart muscle begins to die. Since the heart attack most often occurs as a result of coronary heart disease, it is also called Coronary Artery Disease CHD. CHD is a condition in which a waxy substance (plaque) is deposited slowly inside the coronary arteries. To avoid Heart Disease, the following suggestions may be kept in mind. Have your blood pressure and diabetes checked regularly. Maintain body weight. Quit smoking. Prefer to consume a low diet food and cholesterol. Get some exercise daily. The following are warning signs, Discomfort in the centre of the chest for a few minutes. Uncomfortable Pressure, Pain or squeezing, discomfort in upper body, arms, back, neck, jaw or stomach, shortness of breath with or without chest discomfort. In these warning signs, please dont wait for more than five minutes to call the doctor.

Diabetes
When the Insulin destroys, the High glucose levels are developed due to a lack of insulin. The cells of the body are unable to get glucose. The following signs are an indication of diabetes. Urination frequently because there is too much glucose in the blood and insulin is not effective, kidney cant filter glucose back to the blood and they try to draw extra water out of the blood to dilute the glucose. This keeps your bladder full and keeps you running to the bathroom. You feel more thirst because your body is pulling extra water out of your blood and feel to drink more and more water. Losing Weight because the pancreas stops making insulin and the body starts to break down muscle tissue and fat for energy. Weakness and Fatigue. Tingling or Numbness in hands, legs or feet. Blurred vision, skin that is dry or itchy, frequent infections or cuts and bruises that take a long time to heal are also signs of diabetes.

Blood Pressure
There is no specific symptom of High Blood Pressure except you feel nervousness, sweating, difficulty in sleeping etc. Dont ignore to check your blood pressure frequently. Everybody should know their high and low blood pressure numbers. To control the Blood pressure, try to lose weight, quit smoking, dont be habitual of alcohol, consume low salt diet, get regular exercise and take prescribed medicines only.

Alzheimer
Alzheimer's is a brain related disease and the most common form of dementia. There is no cure for the disease and eventually leads to death. Since it was first described by a German psychiatrist Alzheimer, it was named after him. This disease is most commonly diagnosed in people over 65 years of age. There are many common symptoms which include memory lapses, forgetting location of objects and vocabulary, forgetting recent events, unable to recall own address and telephone number, need help dressing properly, making mistakes in putting shoes on the wrong feet, sleeping during day time and restless at night, need help in toileting, trouble controlling their bladder or bowels, lose the ability to conversation and movement etc. It destroys a large area of the brain. As the disease advances, patient becomes incontinent, bedridden and unable to feed himself. The disease runs its course in 2 to 15 years but 7 year is the average extent. It always ends in death.

Foot pain and care

The human foot is made up of 26 bones, 33 joints and more than 100 muscles etc. A common disease Calluses (Thick and hard skin) appears on the heel or side of toes which later turns into Corns. Athlete's foot is a fungal infection which grow in warm and moist area of the body. It makes the skin itchy, red and sore. In absence of treatment, the skin becomes soggy and starts to crack and peel. It also spread to the toenails. To get relief from it, pay attention to drying the toes after bathing. Dub the toenails with spirit and cotton wool regularly. Allow your shoes to dry out for at least 24 hours after you've worn them i.e. not wearing the same shoes every day. Never use cream between your toes. Avoid pointing anything sharp down the sides of a toenail because it can become infected and will be swollen, red and painful. Keep them dry. Wear clean cotton socks each day.

Wear correctly fitting footwear. Rotate your feet in a circular

motion in one direction then in others.

Jet Lag
Jet lag is a chrono biological problem which results from rapid long distance trans-meridian travel from East to West or West to East in a jet aircraft. The condition of jet lag may last several days until it is fully adjusted to the new time zone. When traveling across a number of time zones, the body clock may be out of synchronization. It experiences daylight and darkness contrary to the rhythms. The natural pattern of the body i.e. food time, sleeping time, body temperature, hormones etc. are upset. The degree that the body cannot immediately realign the rhythm is called jet lag. It is not linked with the length of flight. If you are passing three time zones, you may feel Jet lag. To prevent from Jet lag, just follow the few tips. Change your bed time three nights before you leave. If you are going towards East, one hour earlier and if going towards West, one hour later for each time zone you will cross. Take food with high protein like chicken, cheese etc. for 3 days earlier. Limit your Tea or Coffee between 3.00 and 5.00 p.m. While travelling towards East, dont take any food on the day of departure and consume Tea or coffee between 6.00 and 11.00 p.m. After reaching the destination, take high protein breakfast and lunch and dinner with high carbohydrate food. Avoid sleeping pills, alcohol and Coffee during the flight. Take plenty of water or juice because the aircraft has a very dry air. Dont go to bed until evening. If you arrive at destination during day time, plan to spend some time outdoors.

Diseases and affected part of the body

Part of the Body Disease Name Cough Asthma Pneumonia Bronchitis Cancer Tuberculosis AIDS/HIV Drumstick Dandruf Migraine Part of the Body Disease Name Eczema Psoriasis Chicken Pox Small Pox Scurvy Tinea, Ringworm Kawasaki D. Athlete Foot Leukemia Bone Marrow

Lungs

Skin

Scalp

WBC/RBC Related

Eye

Conjunctivitis Cataract Glaucoma Color Blindness Myopia Trachoma

Muscles

Heart

Cholesterol Diabetes Heart Attack Ulcer Crohns D. Dehydration Melena Cholera Typhoid SARS Liver Cancer Malaria Jaundice Hepatitis Leprosy Beri Beri Breast Cancer Rabies Herpes Zoster Spondylitis Thyroid Mumps Tonsillitis Root Canal Pyorrhea Plaque Cavity Halitosis Piles

Brain

Polio Tetanus Yellow Fever Spinal D. Diarrhea Parkinson D. Minamata D. Flu Rickets Alzheimer Dementia

Intestine

Joints

Arthritis Gout Chikumgunya Dengue

Liver

Abdomen

Prostate Hernia Pancreas Sinus Swine Flu Measles Influenza Diphtheria AIDS HIV Gonorrhea Hepatitis Warts Syphilis

Nerves

Respiratory

Neck

Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)

Tooth and Gums

Health and Weight Chart

The following is a Standard Chart of Height in cms. and Weight in kgs. of persons. HT. Cm. ... 150 152 155 157 160 162 165 167 170 172 175 177 180 182 185 187 15-19 51 52 53 54 56 58 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 76 78

A 20-24 54 54 56 57 59 60 62 64 66 68 69 71 73 76 78 80

G 25-29 56 57 58 59 60 62 64 66 68 69 71 73 76 79 81 83

E 30-34 57 58 59 60 62 63 65 67 69 71 73 76 78 81 84 86

G 35-39 59 59 60 61 63 65 67 68 71 73 75 77 80 83 86 89

O 40-44 59 60 61 63 64 66 68 69 72 74 76 79 81 84 87 90

U 45-49 60 61 62 63 65 67 68 70 72 75 77 80 82 86 89 92

P. 50-54 61 62 63 64 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 80 83 86 89 92 +55 61 62 63 64 66 68 69 71 73 76 78 81 83 86 90 93

Symptoms and Relief

Fever
If the body temperature is raised over 99oF, it is considered that you are suffering from fever. To cool a fever, drink water and juice, take a sponge bath, take appropriate dose of Aspirin thrice a day, get plenty of bed rest.

Dont bundle up in heavy blankets or clothing. Avoid exercise. Call doctor immediately either in case of children aged

below six months or if it lasts 4-5 days or accompanied by sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, cough etc. in case of adults.

Headache and Bodyache

Tension or Muscular pain is a common factor of headache. Migraine originates in one side of head and sinus is a pain which characterised on the cheekbones, forehead and the bridge of nose. For the relief from ache, take rest in a quiet and dark room with your eyes closed, massage the skull with thumbs, take hot bath, cold wash of eyes, take recommended dose of medicines etc. To prevent headache, try to anticipate when it occurs, Note the early symptoms when it occurs. Exercise regularly. Avoid those food which triggers the headache such as Alcohol, banana, Tea, coffee, Chocolate, Citrus fruits, frozen cheese, Peanuts, Onion, Vinegar etc.

Flu (Influenza)
Flu symptoms are Dry cough, sore throat, severe headache, backache, extreme fatigue, chills, fever up to 104oF and pain in eyes. To minimise the discomfort, get plenty of rest, take plenty of hot liquids, gargle with warm salt water, avoid milk as it can thicken phlegm or sputum, wash your hands frequently, take medicine as prescribed by the doctor.

Diarrhea
Diarrhea is the condition of having liquid bowel movements. The loss of fluids through diarrhea can cause dehydration. Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) with modest amounts of salts and zinc tablets are the treatment to recover from diarrhea. The diarrhea can cause from infections by parasites, bacteria or virus, drinking contaminated water or food while travelling, food poisoning, allergic reactions, emotional upset, over use of laxatives or drugs etc. It can cause death if not treated property and timely. Even it is a second most common cause of infant deaths worldwide. To control diarrhea, take little or liquid food for few days. Take banana, rice and toast. Avoid high fibre food, raw fruits and vegetable, fried food, sweet, coffee etc.

Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a fat like substance in human blood. It is a lipid (fat) that serves many important functions in the body. It is necessary for healthy cell membranes and nerves. It is also essential for the production of bile and vitamin D. Cholesterol is primarily produced in the liver and intestines, with smaller amount made in cells throughout the body. Extra Cholesterol builds up a wall into arteries. High Blood cholesterol means that there is too much cholesterol in your blood. A fatty deposit can be seen around the eyes and eyelids, palms, soles, elbows or knees. Your risk for getting Heart disease goes up when your cholesterol level is too high. If the arteries that carry blood to your heart are affected, less blood and oxygen can get to your heart. This can cause chest pain and heart attacks. The first symptom is chest pain, a heart attack or stroke. The main cause of High Blood cholesterol is eating a large amount of fat food especially saturated fat which is found in meat, milk, dairy products etc. Fried fast foods and snack foods often have a lot of fat. To get fit from cholesterol, change your diet to low fat. Lose weight. Regular exercise. Take egg yolks only. Egg whites contain no fat or cholesterol and can be eaten often. Eat fruits and vegetables as well as cereals, breads, rice, and pasta made from enriched or whole grains.

Thyroid
The thyroid gland in vertebrate anatomy is one of the largest endocrine glands. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, below the thyroid cartilage. It controls use of energy, protein control and hormones. Thyroid symptoms are weakness, diarrhea, heat intolerance, menstrual period disorder, rapid pulse, nervousness, dry skin and hairs etc.

Dental Problem
The teeth of humans are small, calcified, hard and whitish structures found in the mouth. Their function is to crush or break down the food for preparation for digestion. The roots of teeth are embedded in the maxilla (upper jaw) and mandible (lower jaw) and are covered by gums. Teeth are made of multiple tissues of various density and hardness. A dentist diagnoses and treats the teeth diseases which includes tooth decay and gum disease i.e. pyorrhea, restoration of teeth by fillings, root canaling, extraction of teeth, scaling etc.

Birth Control and Care during Pregnancy

Birth Control
Birth control refers to methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy. Planning and provision of birth control is called family planning. Safe sex such as the use of condoms can help prevent transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. Effective birth control methods include barriers such as condoms (only 3% users in India and the worst states are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Meghalaya), Intrauterine Device (IUD, a copper device), Diaphragms, Spermicides like Jelly and Creams, Oral Pills, Patches, Vaginal Rings and Injectable contraceptives. Sterilization such as Vasectomy and Tubal Ligation is permanent contraception. Discuss the method with your family doctor who will also advise you about the protection of HIV or Sexually Transmitted Diseases etc. Vasectomy can be reversed with surgery, if needed.

Care during Pregnancy

Some common factors during pregnancy may include the age of parents, Smoking, drug addiction, complications during previous pregnancy, Low weight, etc. These conditions include Cancer, Chronic hypertension, Cirrhosis, Diabetes, Kidney disorders and mental health. A Pregnant lady should have a balanced diet. Intake of Vitamin A must be controlled because it may cause damage to embryo. Bread, Cereal, Rice, pasta etc. provides Carbohydrates which are an important source of energy, vitamins and minerals. Vegetables provide Vitamin A & C and minerals such as Iron and Magnesium, are low in fat and contain fibre. A balance diet should be taken with consultation of the doctor which may include Carrots, Spinach, Lettuce, Broccoli, Corn Peas, fruits like banana, apple, orange, milk or dairy products provides Vitamins, Calcium, Protein, Phosphorous etc. Meat, Eggs, Beans and nuts provide Protein, Iron and Zinc to develop the fetus (baby). Should be reduced brinjal, papaya, onion, chilli, asofoetida, mustard, caromseed, jaggery from your diet. Black grapes, banana, ripe mango, dates, cashewnuts, apricot, rice products and chapati are very beneficial. Avoid to have Bakery items, Dhokla, Pizza, Curd, Chicken, smoking, alcoholic beverages, etc. as they increase swellings and acidity. The symptoms during pregnancy may be bodyache, dizziness, fatigue, sleep problem, itching, indigestion, leg cramps, morning sickness, swelling, frequent urine etc.

Smoking
Smoking is the biggest cause of death due to cancer. It accounts more than 50 lac deaths every year globally. The diseases caused by smoking are lung cancer, heart attacks and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It has also a risk factor in Alzheimer's Disease. Extreme smoking per day may be arisen the symptoms of Crohn's Disease. To quit smoking, follow few points for a week or two. o Every time when you have an urge to smoke, wait for 10 minutes each time and then smoke. It may be a good practice to command over your habits. o Change your schedule of movement and involve into other works. o o o Substitute with candy, mint, toothpick etc. instead of smoking. Beware of other smokers and make Non-smoking friends. Create a Piggy bank and put all your money.

Many smokers continue to smoke despite the fact that Smoking is harmful. Even their popular excuses regarding quitting the smoking are o I will gain weight if I quit; o I need cigarette to relax; o Lots of people smoke and still they are healthy; o It will not hurt me; o I have tried to quit so many times but failed; o It is difficult to quit, o I cant imagine life without cigarette; and o It is a Status symbol.

First Aid
First aid is the provision of an initial care for an illness or injury. It is usually performed by non-experts. The key aim of first aid is to preserve life, promote recovery and prevent further harm. A first aid kit is a collection of equipment for use in giving first aid. The items include scissors, Lighter, alcoholic pads for sanitizing, syringe, torch, antiseptic hand wipes, thermometer, Burn gel, antifungal cream, cotton swab, medicines, antiseptic ointment, Iodine etc. Aloevera Gel is used in skin problems including burns, sunburn, itching, dry skin etc.

Questions related to this chapter:

1-B. Which States of India is worst in fertility rate? (a) Bihar (b) Madhya Pradesh (c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Rajasthan 2-O. Which organ helps in maintaining human body temperature? (a) Liver (b) Hair (c) Skin (d) Nails 3-B. Which is the largest organ of the human body? (a) Kidney (b) Liver (c) Urinary gland (d) Stomach 4-G. weak, (a) (b) (c) (d) When near sight of a person is he is suffering from? Myopia Cataract Long sightedness Night blindness (a) (c) Capsule Injection (b) (d) Tablet Syrup

10-B. What is Starch in human body? (a) Fat (b) Protein (c) Mineral (d) Carbohydrates 11-O. How Malaria is detected in a person? (a) Through Urine Test (b) Through Blood Test (c) Through X-ray/Ultrasound (d) Through Stool Test 12-G. Which type of ailment causes due to lead particles in polluted water? (a) Hair Loss (b) Kidney disease (c) Eye damage (d) Arthiritis 13-L. Which country first used to mark the warning sign against smoking on Cigarette packs? (a) South Korea (b) United States of America (c) New Zealand (d) Brazil 14-A. In how many seconds, blood circulates through whole body in human? (a) 15 seconds (b) 31 seconds (c) 12 seconds (d) 23 seconds 15-O. Which is the most common cancer in the Indian population? (a) Mouth (b) Breast (c) Lungs (d) Uterus 16-B. Which organ of the body purify the blood? (a) Liver (b) Kidney (c) Heart (d) Lungs 17-N. is the (a) (c) Which Organ of the human body largest one? Stomach (b) Heart Liver (d) Kidney

5-L. Which infectious diseases are caused by viruses? (a) Ringworm, Malaria, Diarrhea (b) Cholera, Tetanus, Pneumonia (c) Heart Attack, Diabetes, Arthritis (d) Rabbies, Hepatitis, AIDS 6-L. How much volume of blood is pumped out per minute by Heart in a normal man? (a) One Litre (b) Three litre (c) Four litre (d) Five litre 7-N. Cough, fever, watering of eyes and bodyache are the symptoms of which disease? (a) Measles (b) Influenze (c) Typhoid (d) Malaria 8-B. Caffeine, a harmful element, is present in? (a) Whisky (b) Coffee (c) Tea (d) Beer 9-N. How Insulin is administered to a Diabetic patient?

18-O. Which disease is not related to human eyes? (a) Glaucoma (b) Parkinsons Disease (c) Trachoma (d) Myopia 19-N. Which substance is not present in human body? (a) Chloride (b) Mercury (c) Manganese (d) Chromium 20-L. Bronchitis disease is caused by mis-function of? (a) Cardiovascular System (b) Respiratory System (c) Musculoskeletal System (d) Integumentary System 21-A. If each Nerve of the human body is put in a straight line, how long it will go approximately? (a) 1000 mtrs. (b) 20 kms. (c) 50 kms. (d) 70 kms. 22-G. With how many bones, a new baby born? (a) 206 (b) 120 (c) 300 (d) only 25 23-D. bones (a) (c) Which is not one of the largest of the human body? Shin bone (b) Stirrup Femur (d) Calf Bone

(a) (b) (c) (d)

as equal as intake of water approx. 80% of intake water approx. 2 litres approx.. 3 litres

25-N. At what speed, the food goes down to intestine in human body? (a) 1 cm. per minute (b) 2.5 cms. per minute (c) 2.5 cms. per hour (d) at random 26-S. Which part of our body do not take rest for a single moment in any condition? (a) Heart (b) Kidney (c) Brain (d) Liver 27-D. How much volume of blood, a resident of High Altitude have comperative to residents on the ground? (a) same volume of blood (b) About 2 litres less blood (c) About 2 litres more blood (d) same volume with more RBC 28-L. Which colour is more attractive to human retina (eyes) rather than other colours? (a) White (b) Black (c) Red (d) Yellow 29-N. Which part of the body control the quantity of cholesterol? (a) Kidney (b) Liver (c) Lungs (d) Heart

24-D. What quantity of urine, an adult discharges per day?

Scoring System
The questions are divided into ten slabs of rating, as usual which has a numeral value. These letters are A, B, D, E, G, H, L, N, O and S.

Answers
1-a 9-c 17-c 25-b 2-c 10-d 18-b 26-b 3-b 11-b 19-b 27-c 4-c 12-a 20-b 28-d 5-d 13-b 21-d 29-b 6-d 14-d 22-c 7-b 15-c 23-b 8-b 16-b 24-d

Bibliography

When I compiled this chapter, I took help of some websites related to it. The following quotes and references were visited. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_control http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer's_disease http://www.preservearticles.com/201101022318/role-of-water-in-human-body.html

Manorama Guide Book upto the years 2012.

Thank You!
Hope you enjoyed to read the book The Key to Success From Part I to Part 13 on different topics

Now in this part of book you will find knowledge regarding Human Body, Food & Nutrition, Human Diseases, its Warning Signs, Care and cures etc..

I tried to give you as much information as possible regarding the above subject keeping in view that there is too much to write on this topic but I tried my best to provide only the most relevant information.

Again I will request you all to share it with your friends too. You may buy the complete book with all the issues together at a discounted rate as well from various online services released separately.