Name:

Section #: Active Learning Module: Chemistry of Life 1. The stable isotope (normal version) of an atom possesses 6 electrons. a. How many protons does it possess? Neutrons? b. Draw the electron configuration of this atom on the back of this sheet. c. Which element does this atom represent? 2. In your own words, define hydrocarbon. 3. Methane, a greenhouse gas, has a molecular formula of CH4. Draw this in a structural formula format (Cs and Hs connected by lines representing covalent bonds) on the back of this sheet. 4. Draw a hydrocarbon chain composed of 5 carbons on the back of this sheet. a. Draw it both as a stick model, AND by drawing each of the atoms in the molecule. b. Is this a polar or non-polar molecule? Why? 5. Draw three water molecules and hydrogen bonds holding them together on the back of this sheet. 6. Provide a definition (in your own words, not the books) for each of the following types of chemical bonds: a. ionic bond b. covalent bond c. hydrogen bond 8. Answer these questions related to pH (acids and bases). a. Beaker A, which contains a solution in which the concentration of hydrogen ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions, is said to be what? b. What is the pH of the liquid in beaker B, which contains 100 times more hydrogen ions in the solution than beaker A? 9. What are the four major properties and of water? What are the consequences (effects on life) of each of these properties? #1 #2 #3 #4

 Functional Groups and Macromolecules 1. Name the functional groups in the following table.

Circle and label the functional groups on these organic molecules

2.

Niacin (vitamin B3)

Glycine (an amino acid)

Cinnamaldehyde (the flavor of cinnamon)

Progesterone (a female sex hormone)

Adenosine triphosphate Serotonin (a hormone implicated in depression) (the cells unit of energy currency)

 1. Identify the following molecule. a. Indicate which of the four classes of macromolecules it belongs to. b. Draw the simplified version of this molecule next to it.

2. Label the three molecules in the following figure as either: a. glycerol b. fatty acid c. triglyceride

3. Explain the 4 levels of protein structure (in your own words, of course) and give examples of each: a. Primary Secondary

b.

c.

d.

Tertiary Quarternary

 4. Complete the following table (you may use the book for examples). Macromolecule Monomer/ Examples Polymers Examples Components Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic Acids Lipids N/A N/A 5. Complete this analogy: Glucose is to starch as an amino acid is to a ___________________________. 6. Why is a monomer like a single link in a polymer chain? 7. What molecule is produced when you add monomers together to form polymers? What is this process called? 8. When you eat food, you digest all the different macromolecules into their different monomer components. What is this process called when you break down polymers into monomers? What molecule do you use to break the covalent bonds? 9. What kind of a backbone does a nucleic acid have? 10. If nucleic acids have secondary structures (shapes) like twisted ladders, what molecules are the rungs of the ladder? 11. The molecules in the figure below are all amino acids, however they have been grouped according to the chemical properties of their R-group side chains. Please identify the group of amino acids that are non-polar, hydrophobic and that group which is composed of polar, hydrophilic R-group side chains.