Appendix: Normal Laboratory Values*

Marcus A. Krupp, MD, FACP

Values may vary with method of measurement and population.

HEMATOLOGY
Antithrombin III: [P] 86120% Bleeding time: Template method, 39 minutes (180540 seconds) Cellular measurements of red blood cells (erythrocytes): Average diameter = 7.3 m (5.58.8 m) Mean corpuscular volume (MCV): Men, 8094 fL; women, 8199 fL (by Coulter counter) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH): 2732 pg Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC): 3236 g/dL; erythrocytes (3236%) Color, saturation, and volume indices: 1 (0.91.1) Clot retraction: Begins in 13 hours; complete in 624 hours. No clot lysis in 24 hours. Fibrin D-dimer: [P] 0250 ng/mL Fibrinogen split products: <10 g Fragility of erythrocytes: Begins at 0.450.38% NaCl; complete at 0.360.3% NaCl Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD): [B] 48 g/g Hb Hematocrit (PCV): Men, 4052%; women, 3747% Hemoglobin: [B] Men, 1418 g/dL (2.092.79 mmol/L as Hb tetramer); women, 1216 g/dL (1.86 2.48 mmol/L). [S] 23 mg/dL Partial thromboplastin time: Activated, 2537 seconds Platelets: 150,000400,000/mL (0.150.4 1012/L) Prothrombin: International normalized ratio (INR), 11.4 Erythrocyte count: Men, 4.56.2 million/L (4.56.2 1012/L); women, 45.5 million/L (45.5 1012/L) Reticulocytes: 0.61.8% of erythrocytes Sedimentation rate: <20 mm/h (Westergren) White blood count (leukocytes) and differential: 5,00010,000/L (510 109/L)
Segmented neutrophils 4070% Myelocytes 0% Juvenile neutrophils 0% Band neutrophils 015% Lymphocytes 1545% Eosinophils 13% Basophils 05% Monocytes 07% Lymphocytes: Total, 15004000/L B cell 525% T cell 6088% Suppressor 1043% Helper 3266% H:S >1

BLOOD, PLASMA, OR SERUM CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS (Values vary with method used)
*Blood [B], Plasma [P], Serum [S], Urine [U].

Acetone and acetoacetate: [S] 0.32 mg/dL (320 mg/L) Aldolase: [S] Values vary with method used. -Amino acid nitrogen: [S, fasting] 35.5 mg/dL (2.23.9 mmol/L) Aminotransferases: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST; SGOT): [S] 1555 IU/L Alanine aminotransferase (ALT; SGPT): [S] 1070 IU/L. Values vary with method used. Ammonia: [B] 933 mol/L Amylase: [S] 80180 units/dL (Somogyi). Values vary with method used. 1-Antitrypsin: [S] >180 mg/dL Ascorbic acid: [P] 0.41.5 mg/dL (2385 33 mol/L) Base, total serum: [S] 145160 mEq/L (145160 mmol/L) Bicarbonate: [S] 2428 mEq/L (2428 mmol/L) Bilirubin: [S] Total, 0.21.2 mg/dL (3.520.5 mol/L). Direct conjugated, 0.10.4 mg/dL (<7 mol/L). Indirect, 0.20.7 mg/dL (<12 mol/L). Calcium: [S] 8.510.3 mg/dL (2.12.6 mmol/L). Values vary with albumin concentration. Calcium, ionized: [S] 4.255.25 mg/dL; 2.12.6 mEq/L (1.051.3 mmol/L) -Carotene: [S, fasting] 50300 g/dL (0.95.58 mol/L) Ceruloplasmin: [S] 2543 mg/dL (1.72.9 mol/L) Chloride: [S or P] 96106 mEq/L (96106 mmol/L) Cholesterol: [S or P] 150240 mg/dL (3.96.2 mmol/L). (See Lipid fractions.) Values vary with age. Cholesteryl esters: [S] 6575% of total cholesterol CO2 content: [S or P] 2429 mEq/L (2429 mmol/L) Complement: [S] C3 (b1C), 90250 mg/dL. C4 (1E), 1060 mg/dL. Total (CH50), 75160 mg/dL Copper: [S or P] 100200 g/dL (1631 mol/L) Cortisol: [P] 8:00 AM, 525 g/dL (138690 nmol/L); 8:00 PM, <14 g/dL (385 nmol/L) Creatine kinase (CK): [S] 1050 IU/L at 30C. Values vary with method used. Creatine kinase MB fraction: [S] <4% total CK Creatinine: [S or P] 0.71.5 mg/dL (62132 mol/L) Cyanocobalamin: [S] 200 pg/mL (148 pmol/L) Epinephrine: [P] Supine, <0.1 g/L (<0.55 nmol/L) Erythropoietin: [S] 520% IU/L Ferritin: [S] Adult women, 20120 ng/mL; men, 30300 ng/mL. Child to 15 years, 7140 ng/mL. -Fetoprotein: [S] 08.5 ng/mL Folic acid: [S] 220 ng/mL (4.545 nmol/L). [Erythrocytes] >100 ng/mL (>318 nmol/L) Glucose: [S or P] 65110 mg/dL (3.66.1 mmol/L) -Glutamyl transpeptidase: [S] 878 IU/L Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA10): [B] 47% Haptoglobin: [S] 40200 mg of hemoglobinbinding capacity Iron: [S] 40175 g/dL (931.3 mol/dL) Iron-binding capacity: [S] Total, 250410 g/dL (44.773.4 mol/L). Percent saturation, 2055%.
*Blood [B], Plasma [P], Serum [S], Urine [U].

Lactate: [B, special handling] Venous, 416 mg/dL (0.441.8 mmol/L) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): [S] 55140 IU/L. Values vary with method used. Lipase: [S] 0.21.5 U Lipid fractions: [S or P] Desirable levels: Highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, >40 mg/dL; lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, <150 mg/dL; VLDL cholesterol, <40 mg/dL. (To convert to mol/L, multiply by 0.026.) Lipids, total: [S] 4501000 mg/dL (4.510 g/L) Magnesium: [S or P] 1.83 mg/dL (0.751.25 mmol/L) Myoglobin: [P] 15100 ng/mL Norepinephrine: [P] Supine, <0.5 g/L (<3 nmol/L) Osmolality: [S] 280296 mOsm/kg water Oxygen: Capacity: [B] 1624 vol%. Values vary with hemoglobin concentration. Arterial content: [B] 1523 vol%. Values vary with hemoglobin concentration. Arterial % saturation: 94100% of capacity Arterial PO2 (PaO2): 80100 mm Hg (10.6713.33 kPa) (sea level). Values vary with age. PaCO2: [B, arterial] 3545 mm Hg (4.76 kPa) pH (reaction): [B, arterial] 7.357.45 (H+ 44.745.5 nmol/L) Phosphatase, acid: [S] 15 U (King-Armstrong), 0.10.63 U (Bessey-Lowry) Phosphatase, alkaline: [S] 38126 IU/L Phospholipid: [S] 145200 mg/dL (1.452 g/L) Phosphorus, inorganic: [S, fasting] 34.5 mg/dL (11.5 mmol/L) Potassium: [S or P] 3.55 mEq/L (3.55 mmol/L) Prostate-specific antigen (PSA): [S] 04 ng/mL Protein: Total: [S] 68 g/dL (6080 g/L) Albumin: [S] 3.55.5 g/dL (3555 g/L) Globulin: [S] 23.6 g/dL (2036 g/L) Immunoglobulin: [S] IgA 78400 mg/dL. IgG 6901400 mg/dL. IgM 35240 mg/dL Fibrinogen: [P] 0.20.6 g/dL (26 g/L) Prothrombin clotting time: [P] By control. INR, 11.4. Pyruvate: [B] 0.61 mg/dL (70114 mmol/L) Serotonin: [B] 0.050.2 g/mL (0.281.14 mol/L) Sodium: [S or P] 136145 mEq/L (136145 mmol/L) Specific gravity: [B] 1.056 (varies with hemoglobin and protein concentration). [S] 1.02541.0288 (varies with protein concentration). Sulfate: [S or P] As sulfur, 0.51.5 mg/dL (156468 mol/L) Transferrin: [S] 200400 mg/dL (2345 mol/L) Triglycerides: [S] <165 mg/dL (1.9 mmol/L). (See Lipid fractions.)

*Blood [B], Plasma [P], Serum [S], Urine [U].

Troponin: [S] <0.5 ng/mL Urea nitrogen: [S or P] 825 mg/dL (2.98.9 mmol/L). Do not use anticoagulant-containing ammonium oxalate. Uric acid: [S or P] Men, 39 mg/dL (0.180.54 mmol/L); women, 2.57.5 mg/dL (0.150.45 mmol/L) Vitamin A: [S] 1560 g/dL (0.532.1 mol/L) Vitamin B12: [S] >200 pg/mL (>148 pmol/L) Vitamin D: [S] Cholecalciferol (D3): 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, 855 ng/mL (19.4137 nmol/L); 1,25dihydroxycholecalciferol, 2665 pg/mL (62155 pmol/L); 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 15 ng/mL (2.412 nmol/L) Volume, blood (Evans blue dye method): Adults, 29906980 mL. Women, 46.385.5 mL/kg; men, 66.297.7 mL/kg. Zinc: [S] 50150 g/dL (7.6522.95 mol/L)

HORMONES, SERUM, OR PLASMA

Adrenal: Aldosterone: [P] Supine, normal salt intake, 29 ng/dL (56250 pmol/L); increased when upright. Cortisol: [S] 8:00 AM, <520 g/dL (0.140.55 mol/L); 8:00 PM, <10 g/dL (0.28 mol/L) Deoxycortisol: [S] After metyrapone, >7 g/dL (>0.2 mol/L) Dopamine: [P] <135 pg/mL Epinephrine: [P] <0.1 ng/mL (<0.55 nmol/L) Norepinephrine: [P] <0.5 g/L (<3 nmol/L). See also Miscellaneous Normal Values. Gonad: Testosterone, free: [S] Men, 1030 ng/dL; women, 0.32 ng/dL. (1 ng/dL = 0.035 nmol/L) Testosterone, total: [S] Prepubertal, <100 ng/dL; adult men, 3001000 ng/dL; adult women, 2080 ng/dL; luteal phase, up to 120 ng/dL Estradiol (E2): [S, special handling] Men, 1234 pg/mL; women, menstrual cycle 110 days, 2468 pg/mL; 1120 days, 50300 pg/mL; 2130 days, 73149 pg/mL (by radioimmunoassay [RIA]). (1 pg/mL = 3.6 pmol/L) Progesterone: [S] Follicular phase, 0.21.5 ng/mL; luteal phase, 632 ng/mL; pregnancy, >24 ng/mL; men, <1 ng/mL (by RIA). (1 ng/mL = 3.2 nmol/L) Islets: Insulin: [S] 425 U/mL (29181 pmol/L) C-peptide: [S] 0.94.2 ng/mL Glucagon: [S, fasting] 20100 pg/mL Kidney: Renin activity: [P, special handling] Normal sodium intake: Supine, 13 ng/mL/h; standing, 36 ng/mL/h. Sodium depleted: Supine, 26 ng/mL/h; standing, 320 ng/mL/h Parathyroid: Parathyroid hormone levels vary with method and antibody. Correlate with serum calcium. Pituitary: Growth hormone (GH): [S] Adults, 110 ng/mL (46465 pmol/L) (by RIA) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): [S] <10 U/mL
*Blood [B], Plasma [P], Serum [S], Urine [U].

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): [S] Prepubertal, 212 mIU/mL; adult men, 115 mIU/mL; adult women, 130 mIU/mL; castrate or postmenopausal, 30200 mIU/mL (by RIA) Luteinizing hormone (LH): [S] Prepubertal, 212 mIU/mL; adult men, 115 mIU/mL; adult women, <30 mIU/mL; castrate or postmenopausal, >30 mIU/mL Corticotropin (ACTH): [P] 8:0010:00 AM, up to 100 pg/mL (22 pmol/L) Prolactin: [S] 125 ng/mL (0.410 nmol/L) Somatomedin C: [P] 0.42 U/mL Antidiuretic hormone (ADH; vasopressin): [P] Serum osmolality 285 mOsm/kg, 02 pg/mL; >290 mOsm/kg, 212+ pg/mL Placenta: Estriol (E3): [S] Men and nonpregnant women,<0.2 g/dL (<7 nmol/L) (by RIA) Chorionic gonadotropin: [S] -Subunit: Men, <9 mIU/mL; pregnant women after implantation, >10 mIU/mL Stomach: Gastrin: [S, special handling] Up to 100 pg/mL (47 pmol/L). Elevated, >200 pg/mL Pepsinogen I: [S] 25100 ng/mL Thyroid: Thyroxine, free (FT4): [S] 0.82.4 ng/dL (1030 pmol/L) Thyroxine, total (TT4): [S] 512 g/dL (65156 nmol/L) (by RIA) Thyroxine-binding globulin capacity (T4): [S] 1228 g/dL (150360 nmol/L) Triiodothyronine (T3): [S] 80220 ng/dL (1.23.3 nmol/L). Reverse triiodothyronine (rT3): [S] 3080 ng/dL (0.451.2 nmol/L). Triiodothyronine uptake (rT3U): [S] 2536%; as TBG assessment (rT3U ratio), 0.851.15. Calcitonin: [S] <100 pg/mL (<29.2 pmol/L)

NORMAL CEREBROSPINAL FLUID VALUES

Appearance: Clear and colorless. Cells: Adults, 05 mononuclear cells/L; infants, 020 mononuclear cells/L Glucose: 5085 mg/dL (2.84.7 mmol/L). (Draw serum glucose at same time.) Pressure (reclining): Newborns, 3088 mm water; children, 50100 mm water; adults, 70200 mm water (avg = 125) Proteins: Total, 2045 mg/dL (200450 mg/L) in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid. IgG, 24 mg/dL (0.02 0.04 g/L) Specific gravity: 1.0031.008

RENAL FUNCTION TESTS

-Aminohippurate (PAH) clearance (RPF): Men, 560830 mL/min; women, 490700 mL/min Creatinine clearance: Calculation from serum creatinine:

*Blood [B], Plasma [P], Serum [S], Urine [U].

Creatinine clearance, endogenous (GFR): Approximates inulin clearance (see below). Inulin clearance (GFR): Men, 110150 mL/min; women, 105132 mL/min (corrected to 1.73 m2 surface area) Maximal glucose reabsorptive capacity (TmG): Men, 300450 mg/min; women, 250350 mg/min Maximal PAH excretory capacity (TmPAH): 80 90 mg/min Osmolality: On normal diet and fluid intake: Range 500850 mOsm/kg water. Achievable range, normal kidney: Dilution 4080 mOsm; concentration(dehydration) up to 1400 mOsm/kg water (at least three to four times plasma osmolality). Specific gravity of urine: 1.0031.030

MISCELLANEOUS NORMAL VALUES

Adrenal hormones and metabolites: Aldosterone: [U] 226 g/24 h (5.572 nmol). Values vary with sodium and potassium intake. Catecholamines: [U] Total, <100 g/24 h. Epinephrine, <10 g/24 h (<55 nmol); norepinephrine, <100 g/24 h (<591 nmol). Values vary with method used. Cortisol, free: [U] 20100 g/24 h (0.552.76 mmol) 11,17-Hydroxycorticoids: [U] Men, 412 mg/24h; women, 48 mg/24 h. Values vary with method used. 17-Ketosteroids: [U] <8 years, 02 mg/24 h; adolescents, 220 mg/24 h. Men, 1020 mg/24 h; women, 515 mg/24 h. Values vary with method used. (1 mg = 3.5 mmol) Metanephrine: [U] <1.3 mg/24 h (<6.6 mol) or <2.2 g/mg creatinine. Values vary with method used. Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA): [U] Up to 7 mg/24h (<35 mol). Fecal fat: <30% dry weight Lead: [U] <80 g/24 h (<0.4 mol/d) Porphyrins: -Aminolevulinic acid: [U] 1.57.5 mg/24 h (11.457.2 mol) Coproporphyrin: [U] <230 g/24 h (<345 nmol) Uroporphyrin: [U] <50 g/24 h (<60 nmol) Porphobilinogen: [U] <2 mg/24 h (<8.8 mol) Urobilinogen: [U] 02.5 mg/24 h (<4.23 mol) Urobilinogen, fecal: 40280 mg/24 h (68474 mol)

*Blood [B], Plasma [P], Serum [S], Urine [U].