Qualitative Research Design Research Title: Level of Awareness towards HIV/AIDS among sexes as perceived by the residence of Brgy.

Niyugan, Malabon

Quantitative Research Design

Research Title: Wellness Program with Positive Reinfrcement on weight Reduction among Overweight and Obese Adolesents

Centro Escolar University College of Nursing Mendiola, Manila

Research 1- Lecture Critical Appraisal Actvity Activity 9 Quantitative Research Design

Research Question in Studies: 1. What type of quantitative study was conducted? The type of study conducted is quasi experimental research. Using a purposive respondent, the researchers want to identify if a weight reduction program is effective associated with a wellness program.

2. Can you identify the following sections in the research report? Introduction, methods, results, and Discussions.

Research Title: Wellness and Positive Reinforcement on Weight Reduction Among Overweight and Obese Adolescents.

Introduction Weight is a big deal to every person. Finding a young woman who is never worried about her weight is almost as impossible as finding a magic pill that melts fat overnight. An estimate of 300,000 deaths occurs each year due to obesity. Aside from the physiological risks, psychological impact of obesity can also be devastating especially for adolescents. At presents, adolescents worldwide are facing risks to their health from increased pressures for slimness, which leads to the used of unhealthy weight control methods. Weight management has little to do with deprivation and restriction and everything to do with behavior patterns. The behavior change can be initiated by the

health team of obese individuals who would want to lose weight through the use of .positive reinforcement. While there are a number of researchers to have pondered on the use of positive reinforcement. They did truly measures the effectiveness with regards to the study of weight reduction along with the wellness program, inclusive of diet, recommendations, and exercises hence the formulation of our study.

Method Design: Quasi Experimental Research since it lacks an essential property control. Following conditions cannot be controlled. Activities of daily living Amount and kind of food intake

Interrupted time series design. Since data are collected at multiple instances overtime to detect whether the interventions has as effect significantly greater than the underlying secular trend. At amount of weight loss every week instead of the entire eight weeks to measure pre interventional and post interventional state.

Results Table 4.1 shows the comparison of the pre and post intervention weight of the experimental group. By using paired T test with a 0.95 level of significance, It was found out that a significant difference exists between the pre and post intervention weight of the experimental group during the guided intervention (p = 7.48e-15). The unguided interventions (p = 9.01e-06) and the entire 8th weeks of interventions (p = 5.37e-15) but no significant difference exist during the transition from guided to unguided intervention (t = 0.07).

Mean Guided Intervention Phase Pre Intervention Post - Intervention 157.62 151.57 Transition Phase

P value p = 7.48e-15

Pre Intervention Post - Intervention Pre Intervention Post - Intervention Pre Intervention Post - Intervention

151.57 151.19 Unguided Intervention Phase 151.19 148.78 Entire Eight Weeks 157.62 148.76

0.07

p = 9.01e-06

p = 5.37e-15

Discussions Guided intervention phase: the weight losses of 21 subjects had an average of at least lb/week. (p value of 0.0006 it has resulted to a high rate of behavior because of the use of continuous positive reinforcement (35) This motivation through positive reinforcement drives the subject to lose more weight.

Transition from guided to unguided intervention: Almost half of the subject either retain their weight or even gain weight ( p value of 0.19) The wellness program has not been effective probably because: No researcher to monitor the subject compliance Subject may or may not done the entire routine Substitution of immediate to intermittent reinforcement

Unguided intervention phase: Even when a significant difference was found within group ( p = 9.01e-0.6), the p value per between group comparison was found to be at 0.16 suggesting that there is no significant reduction in weight during this phase. Over All: the subject have lost an average of 6 to 14 lbs during the 8th week of intervention with an average to percentage weight loss of 3.33% to 7.8% subjecting the data to T test, a value of 0.0002 suggests a significant reduction in weight compared to the baseline.

3. Were the steps of the study clearly identified (refer to table 2 4 p. 60 of Research Book, Burns and Groves) Yes the study has been clearly identified because they state the problem with background and significance, the state of the purpose has been clearly and specified at their introduction, for the methods they used purposive as their sample and setting its absolutely measurable and intervention is present as well as the data collection process. They do include also the analysis of their procedures and they also present tables, questions and hypotheses and lastly they come up with a good discussion the major findings of their study, the conclusion and limitations too. Note research study in question must be related to the present study (if applicable) The research study is related to the study it is because our research study aims weight reduction as well as the wellness of each individuals especially those adolescents who are obese and overweight. For them to regain their health, lessen the complication that might develop such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and many more 4. Were any of the steps in the research process missing (refer to figure 2-1 page 44 of Research Book, Burns and Groves)