International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND

D (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), IAEME

TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)

ISSN 0976 6308 (Print) ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), pp. 126-131 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.1861 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON POLYPROPYLENE FIBER REINFORCED MODERATE DEEP BEAM

V.R.Rathi [1]

A.B.Kawade [2]

R.S.Rajguru[3]

1 Associate Professor,Pravara rural engineering college, Loni, (MS), India. 2 Asst. Professor, Amrutvahini College of engineering, Sangamner, (MS), India. 3 P.G.Student, Pravara rural engineering college, Loni, (MS), India.

ABSTRACT In present study, the result of polypropylene fiber reinforced moderate deep beam with and without stirrups have been presented. Six beams of constant overall span and depth 150mm, 200mm, 250mm, 300mm with span to depth (L/D) ratios of 4 ,3, 2.4, & 2 and Polypropylene fibers of 12mm cut length and 6 denier were added at volume fraction of 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% & 1 %.The beams were tested under two point loads at mid span. The results showed that the addition of polypropylene fiber significantly improved the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, shear stress, reserve strength and ductility of reinforced moderate deep beam without stirrups. Keyword: polypropylene fiber, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, shear stress 1.0 INTRODUCTION An attempt has been made through this work to understand the shear stress & flexural strength response of moderate deep beams under fibrous matrix as they predominantly fail under shear and their strength is likely to be controlled by shear rather than flexure provided with nominal amount of longitudinal reinforcement. A very little works have been reported on shear strength and flexural deformational behavior of fibrous Reinforced Cement Concrete moderate deep beams Moderate deep are shear predominant members and generally fail in brittle shear mode.

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), IAEME

Concrete has disadvantage that it fails in brittle manner. The fibers can make failure mode more ductile by increasing the tensile strength of concrete. As a result a structural performance can be improved. The addition of polypropylene fibers to a reinforced concrete beam is known to increase its shear strength and if sufficient fibers are added, a ductile shear failure can be suppressed in favor of more ductile behavior. The use of polypropylene fibers is particularly attractive if conventional stirrups can be eliminated, which reduces reinforcement congestion. Many researchers like Vinu R. Patel, Ankur Rana and I. I. Pandya have confirmed addition of polypropylene fiber show enhanced shear strength and energy distribution capacity. There are only few studies reporting results on the behavior of beams reinforced with a new type of polypropylene Fibrillated mesh fibers. This fiber has a higher modulus of elasticity and an optimized geometry to enhance the bond between the fiber and the concrete matrix, which leads to an increase in the toughness properties of concrete. If sufficient fibers are added, a brittle failure can be suppressed in favor of more ductile behavior. The increased strength and ductility of fiber-reinforced beams. 2.0 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME 2.1 Test Materials: Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of 43 grade, natural river sand of fineness modulus 4.175 and 20mm coarse aggregate were used. The concrete mix was in proportion of 1: 1.272: 2.766 by weight and water cement ratio of 0.43 kept constant for all beam. Polypropylene fibers of 12mm cut length and 6 denier wear used. The workability of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete mixtures was maintained by adjusting the dosage of super plasticizer to offset the possible reduction in slump. For each series of beams, three cubes (150X150X150) mm and three cylinders (150mm diameter, 300mm high) as control specimen were cast. Cubes were tested for crushing strength at 28 days and cylinder were tested for splitting tensile strength at 28 days. 2.2 Specimen Details Tests were carried out on six beams, simply supported on constant effective span of 600mm and width of 150mm under two point concentrated symmetrical loading. There were four series of beams having different depths of 150mm, 200mm, 250mm, 300mm and Polypropylene fibers wear added at volume fraction of 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% & 1 %.All beams provided with anchor bars of 2-8 mm, bottom steel of 2-10mm of grade Fe500 and only beam of 0% fiber volume fraction were provided with 6mm stirrups of grade Fe250.The beam notation D150 denotes the beam having overall depth 150mm. 2.3 Testing Procedure The beams were tested under two point concentrated loading at their mid span in a universal testing machine. A dial gauge was fixed at bottom of beam to measure mid span deflection at interval of 0.5mm and corresponding load were noted. The loading at which first crack and ultimate crack appeared was noted. The pattern and propagation of cracks was noted, up to failure of beam.

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, January February (2013), IAEME JanuaryTable 1 Compressive strength and split tensile strength Test Results Cement sand:coarse: aggregate 1:1.272: 2.766 1:1.272: 2.766 1:1.272: 2.766 1:1.272: 2.766 1:1.272: 2.766 Water cement ratio 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 Fiber volume fraction (%) 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1 Average compressive strength (N/mm2) 33.55 34.44 34.81 35.18 36.00 Average split tensile strength (N/mm2) 2.78 2.97 3.06 3.19 3.30

Table 2 Average flexural strength and Average shear stress Sr. No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Span-depth ratio(L/D)
4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2 2 2 2 2

% Fiber volume fraction(Vf)

0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1

Average flexural strength (N/mm2)

15.13 15.87 17.23 17.56 17.85 9.49 10.18 10.60 11.25 10.46 6.88 7.19 7.53 8.02 7.75 5.18 5.46 6.05 6.39 5.48

Average shear stress (N/mm2)

2.83 2.97 3.21 3.33 3.35 2.37 2.55 2.65 2.81 3.01 2.15 2.25 2.36 2.51 2.65 2.17 2.38 2.56 2.80 2.84

3.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Flexural Strength (MPa)
20 10 0 L/D=2.4 L/D=2 % Fiber Volume Fraction (Vf) L/D=4 L/D=3

Fig.1 Flexural strength Vs % Fiber Volume Fraction

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), IAEME January
Shear Stress (Mpa)
3 2 1 0 0 0.5 1 L/D=4 L/D=3 L/D=2.4 L/D=2 % Fiber Volume Fraction

Fig.2 Shear Stress Vs % Fiber Volume Fraction

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0123456789 Deflection (mm) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0123456789 Deflection (mm)

Load (kN)

Load (kN)

0 % Fiber 0.25 % Fiber 0.50 % Fiber

0 % Fiber 0.25 % Fiber 0.50 % Fiber

Fig.3 Load Vs Deflection (L/D=4 and 3)

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 012345678 Deflection (mm) 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0123456789 10 Deflection (mm) 0 % Fiber 0.25 % Fiber 0.50 % Fiber 0.75 % Fiber

Load (kN)

0% Fiber 0.25 % Fiber 0.50 % Fiber

Fig.4 Load Vs Deflection (L/D=2.4 and 2) 3.1 Discussion of Crack Patterns and Mode of Failure f The complete failure of the beam was observed to occur in one of the following ways: (i) The ways beams were collapsed by flexure with a flexural crack near to mid-span. This type of failure was mid span. observed in beams of L/D =4, L/D =3 series. (ii) The diagonal tension failure, observed in the nal majority of the beams of L/D =2.4, L/D =2 series, was indicated by splitting of beam in the direction of a line joining the inner edge of the support to the outer edge of the loading plate. Beam of series L/D =2.4 mainly failed in flexure-shear mode. While beams of series L/D =2 failed in pure shear mode. The shear compression failure was indicated by crushing of the strut like portion of the concrete between two adjacent parallel diagonal cracks accompanied by splitting of the concrete along the plane of the diagonal cracks and was followed by crushing and bursting in the web. This type of failure observed in some of beams of series L/D=2. 129

Load (kN)

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), IAEME
Table 3 Reserve Strength and ductility
SpanDepth Ratio (L/D) % Fiber Volume Fraction(Vf) 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1 First Ultimate Crack Crack Load Load Wc, (kN) Wu, (kN) 50.240 51.973 55.940 57.682 58.180 56.880 58.262 60.198 63.780 69.780 70.383 73.149 75.060 80.980 87.745 82.672 85.120 96.553 110.713 117.968 85.120 89.300 96.290 99.850 100.447 94.970 101.860 106.100 112.560 120.669 107.613 112.436 117.842 125.447 132.715 129.713 144.563 154.960 169.342 172.507 Reserve Strength (Wu-Wc/Wc) Deflection at Deflection at First Crack Ultimate X100, % Load Crack Load Dc, (kN) Du, (kN) 69.42 71.81 72.13 72.48 72.64 66.96 74.83 76.25 76.37 72.92 52.89 53.70 56.99 54.91 51.25 56.90 69.83 67.42 52.95 46.23 2.20 2.00 2.15 1.92 1.76 2.42 2.40 2.36 2.41 2.24 2.78 2.54 2.64 2.48 2.53 3.78 3.25 3.36 3.34 3.30 4.20 4.50 4.63 4.60 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.52 4.50 5.53 5.20 5.00 5.43 5.54 6.20 6.00 6.00 6.50 6.42 6.00 Ductility m= (Du/Dc)

2.4

1.90 2.25 2.15 2.39 2.55 1.85 1.87 1.91 2.28 2.46 1.87 1.96 2.05 2.23 2.45 1.58 1.77 1.93 1.79 1.81

4.0 CONCLUSIONS Following conclusion are drawn from the experimental results, 1) The increase in average compressive strength for PPFC is found 7.30 %. Compared to PCC. The maximum compressive strength is achieved with 1% fiber volume fraction. 2) The increase in split tensile strength is found 18.70 %. The maximum split tensile strength achieved with polypropylene fibers having volume fraction 1 %. 3) The increase in reserve strength for L/D=4, 3, 2.4 and 2 of moderate deep beam is found 4.63%, 14.05%, 7.75% and 22.72% respectively by inclusion of 1%, 0.75%, 0.50% and 0.25% polypropylene fiber respectively. 4) The increase in ductility for L/D=4,3 and 2.4 of moderate deep beam is found 32.76 %, 32.97% and 31.01% respectively by inclusion of 1% polypropylene fiber and The increase in ductility for L/D= 2 is found 19.48 % by inclusion of 0.50% polypropylene fiber. 5) The flexural strength for L/D=4 of moderate deep beam increases is 17.97% by inclusion of 1% polypropylene fiber and for L/D=3, 2.4 and 2 average increment is about 19.48 % by inclusion of 0.75% polypropylene fiber. 6) The shear stress of moderate deep beam increases by 24.97% by inclusion of 1% polypropylene fiber which helps to reduce stirrup requirement.

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REFERENCES 1) G. Appa Rao et al., Studies on effect of size on strength and ductility of RC deep beams. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.36, No. 6, Feb.-March,2010, pp. 393-400. 2) Lesley H.Sneed et al., Influence of Effective Depth on Shear Strength of Concrete Beam-Experimental Study ACI Structural Journal, v. 107, No. 5, Sep.-Oct. 2010, pp. 554-562. 3) Mohamed Zakaria et al., Experimental Investigation on Shear Cracking Behaviour in Reinforced Concrete Beam with Shear Reinforcement.Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology Vol.7, No.1, pp79-96. 4) Rana A. Mtasher et al., Strength Prediction of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete Eng. &Tech Journal Vol.29, No.2,2011. 5) Saeid Kakooei et al., The effects of polypropylene fibers on the properties of reinforced concrete structures Construction and Building Materials 27 (2012) 7377. 6) Salah Altoubat, Ardavan Yazdanbakhsh, and Klaus-Alexander Rieder, Shear Behavior of Macro-Synthetic Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams without Stirrups ACI Mat. Jl., Vol 106, No.4, July-August 2009, Title No. 106-M44. 7) Vinu R. Patel, Ankur Rana And I.I. Pandya, Shear strength of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete moderate deep beams without stirrups, Title No.37-T11, Journal of structural engineering Vol. 37 No.5 December 2010-January-2011, pp. 364-368 8) Vinu R. Patel And I.I. Pandya, Micro Mechanical Measurement of Concrete Strain to Evaluate Principle Strain Distribution in Steel Fiber Reinforced Cement Concrete Moderate Deep Beams across its width and depths, International Journal of civil and structural engineering Vol.1 No.2 2010, ISSN 0976-4259. 9) Vinu R. Patel and I.I. Pandya, Evaluation of shear strain distribution in polypropylene fiber reinforced cement concrete moderate deep beams, International Journal of civil and structural engineering Vol.1 No.3 2010, ISSN 0976-4399. 10) IS 456:2000, Plain and Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice, Fourth revision, Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS 2000). 11) IS-10262-1982, Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design, Bureau of Indian Standards. 12) Shetty.M.S. Concrete Technology, Theory and Practice, S. Chand & Company, New Delhi. 13) Adil M. Abdullatif and Tareq S. Al-Attar, Structural Behavior Of Reed: Evaluation Of Tensile Strength, Elasticity and Stress-Strain Relationships, International Journal Of Advanced Research In Engineering & Technology (IJARET), Volume 4, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 105 - 113, Published by IAEME. 14) Ansari Fatima-uz-Zehra and S.B. Shinde, Flexural Analysis Of Thick Beams Using Single Variable Shear Deformation Theory, International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 292 - 304, Published by IAEME. 15) Misam.A and Mangulkar Madhuri.N, Structural Response Of Soft Story-High Rise Buildings Under Different Shear Wall Location, International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 169 - 180, Published by IAEME.

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