Geo 303 Lab 6

9/8/09

LAB 6 - ROTATIONS
Exercise 1: Apparent dip problem (28 p oi nts t otal) 1a) An apparent dip of 52 to the southwest is measured for a bedding plane in a vertical cross section that strikes 220W (call this apparent dip vector 1). An apparent dip of 24 to the southeast is measured for a bedding plane in a vertical cross section that strikes 120 (call this apparent dip vector 2). What is the strike of the bedding plane and the true dip of the bedding plane? To solve this problem you find the common plane that contains two intersecting lines (which in this case are the two vectors showing apparent dips). Solve the problem using an equal-angle spherical projection (7 p oi nts tot al; 2 po int s for p lotti n g ea ch li n e, 1 pt fo r gr a phical ly i de nti fy i ng t he co m mo n pla ne, an d 2 pts fo r getti n g t h e str ike a nd dip o f the c o m mo n pl a ne) Strike Dip

1b)

Solve the problem using cross products using Matlab. Include a copy of your Matlab printout. (21 p oi nt s t ota l, 1 p oi nt pe r box ) Trend Plunge

Vector v1 Vector v2

Vx N=v2 xv1

Vy

Vz

|V|

n= N/| N|

Pole Trend

Pole Plunge

Plane strike

Plane dip

Stephen Martel (Fall 2009: Conrad)

Lab6-1

University of Hawaii

Geo 303 Lab 6

9/8/09

Exercise 2: Rotation problem 2 ( 15 po i nts tot al ) 2) An outcrop displays a regular set of current ripple marks. The axes of the ripple marks pitch 20 northwest in the bedding plane, and the bedding plane strikes 305 and dips 35NE. Determine the direction of the original paleocurrents responsible for the ripple marks by restoring the beds back to horizontal (assume the current flowed perpendicular to the axes of the ripples. Before you answer that question, first determine the orientation of the rotation axis N and the angle of rotation . Neatly label your stereonets to show how the relevant features rotate (i.e., the ripple axis and the pole to bedding). (1 pt /bo x he re , 5 subj ectiv e po int s for cl ar ity o f ste re o net wor k) Trend of rotation axis Plunge of rotation axis Rotation angle

Existing ripple axis trend

Existing ripple axis plunge

Restored ripple axis trend

Restored ripple axis plunge

Original trend of current

Original plunge of current

Rake of restored ripple axis

Axes of ripple crests (map view)

Oscillating current direction

Stephen Martel (Fall 2009: Conrad) Lab6-2 University of Hawaii

Geo 303 Lab 6

9/8/09

Exercise 3: Rotation problem 1 ( 40 po i nts tot al ) 3a The beds below an angular unconformity (the b beds) strike S20E and dip 40 to the west. The sequence above the unconformity (the a beds) is tilted, with a strike of N50E and a dip of 30SE. What was the attitude of the b beds before the younger beds were tilted? In other words, if the a beds are restored to horizontal, what is the restored orientation of the b beds? Before you answer that question, first determine the orientation of the rotation axis N and the angle of rotation . Neatly label your stereonets to show how the relevant features rotate (i.e., the pole(s) to the a beds and the pole(s) to the b beds). (14 poi nt s t ota l; 1 pt /box he re, 5 s u bjecti ve p oi nt s for st er eo n et wor k) Trend of rotation axis N Plunge of rotation axis N Rotation angle

Existing trend of pole b to b beds

Existing plunge of pole b to b beds

Restored trend of pole b to b beds

Restored plunge of pole b to b beds

Restored strike of b beds

Restored dip of b beds

3b)

Solve the problem using a rotation matrix and Matlab. Include a copy of your Matlab printout. Know what your reference frame is! (2 6 p oi nt s t otal, 1 p oi nt pe r box) Trend Plunge

Vector N Pole b Rotation matrix

Restored Pole

Restored Pole

Restored Pole

Restored Pole Trend

Restored Pole Plunge

Plane strike

Plane dip

Stephen Martel (Fall 2009: Conrad)

Lab6-3

University of Hawaii

Geo 303 Lab 6

9/8/09

Exercise 4: Borehole problem (45 p oi nt s t ota l) 4a The apparent dip of a fracture in a core is 55 and the apparent direction of dip (measured from the top line of the core; see figure on borehole rotations) is 230. The core comes from a borehole with a trend of 170 and a plunge of 70. Find the in-situ (in-place) orientation of the fracture. Plot the pole to the fracture and the orientation of the core at each step through this problem. Neatly label your stereonet to show how the core axis and the pole to bedding rotate. (19 p oi nt s t otal ; 1 pt /bo x; 5 s ubj ectiv e po int s for ste re o net) Trend of rotation axis1 Plunge of rotation axis1 Rotation angle 1 Trend of rotation axis2 Plunge of rotation axis2 Rotation angle 2

Apparent trend of fracture pole

Apparent plunge of fracture pole

Pole trend after first rotation

Pole plunge after first rotation

Pole trend after second rotation

Pole plunge after second rotation

In-situ strike of fracture

In-situ dip of fracture

Stephen Martel (Fall 2009: Conrad)

Lab6-4

University of Hawaii

Geo 303 Lab 6 4b)

9/8/09

Solve the problem using a rotation matrix and Matlab. In the tables below, is the rotation angle. Include a copy of your Matlab printout. Know what your reference frame is, and try to visualize the situation before doing any computations. Some of the Matlab functions on Martels web page might be helpful. ( 27 p oi nt s t ota l, 1 /2 p oi nt p er box)

Fir st r otati o n Trend () Rotation axis N1 Apparent pole First rotation matrix xxxxxx Plunge () ()

Pole orientation after first rotation Pole Pole Pole Pole Trend () Pole Plunge ()

Sec o nd r ot ati on Trend () Rotation axis N2 Second rotation matrix Plunge () ()

Rot ati o n mat ri x fo r d oi n g t he fir st an d s ec o nd r otati o ns i n a si ngl e ste p

Restored orientations (i.e., orientation of in-situ pole after two rotations) Restored Pole Restored Pole Restored Pole Restored Pole Trend () Restored Pole Plunge() Plane strike Plane dip

Stephen Martel (Fall 2009: Conrad)

Lab6-5

University of Hawaii

Geo 303 Lab 6

9/8/09

Stephen Martel (Fall 2009: Conrad)

Lab6-6

University of Hawaii