1st GRADING IN MATH. PROPERTIES OF REAL PROPETIES.

A.)closure Properties. If A and B are real numbers then A+B. A-B. and ab are real numbers. B.)Commutative Properties. Addition:A+B =B+A Multipliction:AB=BA Example:A=5 and B=4 Addition:A+B=B+A (-5)+4=4+(-5)-1=1 Multiplication:AB=BA (-5)(4)=(4)=(4)(-5)-20=-20 C.)Associative Properties. Addition:(A+B)+C=A+(B+C) Multiplication:(AB)C=A(BC) Example Given:A=2 B=-4(=7) A.(A+B)+C=A+(B+C) [(2)(-4)]7=2(-28)-56=-56 D.)Distributive Property :A(B+C)=AB+AC Example Given: A=23=7(=3 A(B+C)=AB+AC (-2)(7+3=(-2)(7)+(-2)(3) (-2)(10)=14+(-6)-20=-20 E.)Idintities properties. Addition:O+A=A+O+A (O is identity element for Addition) Multiplication A.1=1:A=A(1 is the identity element for Multiplication) Example:if A=4 B.A.1.A A.O+A=A+O (4)(1)=(1)(4) O+4=4+O 4=4(1)4=4. F.)Inverse properties Addition: A+(A)+O Multiplication:A. 1\A=1A#O.

1st GRADING IN MATH

SETS AN INTRODUCTION A set is well difinet group of objects called elements that share aa common characteristic. Problem:Consider the set consisting of whole numbers from 1-200. Let this be set u.

ODD
ANY # THAT CANNOT BE DIVIDED BY 2 3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33,35,37,39,41,43,45,47,49,51,53,55,57,59,61,63,65, 67,69,71,73,75,77,79,81,83,85,87,89,91,93,95,97

EVEN
ANY # THAT CAN BE DIVIDED BY 2 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,40,42,46,48,50,52,54,56,58,60,62,64,68

SET RELATIONS
1.) Two sets A & B are said to be equal,denoted by a=B if and only if they have identical or exactly the same elements. Ex:If L={m,a,d,e} and S={e,m,d,a,} then L=S

2.) A one to one correspondence between 2 sets A&B is pairing of the elements of A with the elements of b so that each element of A corresponds to exactly one element of B and vise versa. If there is a one to one correspondence between sets A&B ,we write A-B and say that A and B are equivalent or match Ex: If A={atis,banana,apple} and B={okra,ampalaya,kangkong} then A-B 3.) Set A is gaid to be a sub set of B written A C B if and only if every element of A is also an element of B Ex:If A ={M,S,A} and B={m,a,t,h,s} then A C B

1st GRADING IN MATH DEFINITON OF A SUBSET OF A SET

Set A is said to be a subset B. Written A C B if and only if every element of A is also an element of B. Ex: Given set A={m,s,a} and B {m,a,t,h,s} we can conclude that A C B since every element of A is in B. If A C B and B has an element that is not in A we write A C B and say that a is a proper subset of B. Thes {m,s,a} C {n.

COMPLEMENT OF A SET
The complement of a set A prime is he set of all elements found in the universalset U, That are not found in set A. The cardinality n (A) is given by: N (a)=n(u)-n(a)

OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

A. Addition &subtraction 1.) 2\4+3\4 =5\4 or 1 1\4 2.) -3\5+-4\5=-7\5or -1 2\5 3.) 5\2+3\2=8\2 or 4 4.) 5 3\4 -31\2 (5-3)+(3\4-1\2) =2 +(3\4-2\4) =2 + 1\4 =2\4 5.)10 3\4 -2 3\8= (10+3\4)-(2+3\8) = (10+(02)+[(3\4)+(-3\8 =8 + (6\8-3\8 =8 3\8 B. Multiplication & division of fractions 1.) 3\4 x 12 = 36\4 or 9 2.) (3\5)2\3)= 6\15 or 2\5 3.) 20 divided by 2 1\2 =20 divided by 5\2=20\1x2\5=40\5 or 8 4.) 6 2\3 divided by (-1 1\2) =20 divided by -3\2 = 20\3 -2\3=\-40\9 or -4 4\9

2nd GRADING IN MATH

MEASURMENT-is the process of describing the size of an object. These procedure is based on a given or standard object of fixed size and shape. The standard figure is called a unit of measure. MEASUREMENTS-are expressed in units. Many units are used to express measured values.If a unit becomes officially accepted, if is called a standard unit.

MEASURING LENGTH
1 foot =12 inches 1 yard = 3 feet For long distance: 1 mile = 1760 yards = 5280 feet Ex: 1.) Convert 36 inches into feet 36 inches x 12 inches = 3 feet (36\12) 2.) Convert 2 miles into inches 2 miles x 5280 feet\ 1 mile x 12 inches\ 1 foot = 2 x 5289 x 12\1 x 1= 126 720 inches

MEASURE OF TIME & SPEED

TIME-is measured by the rotation of earth on its axis (making one full day ) and its complete revolution around the sun ( making a year) CLOCK-instrument used in measuring time. 2 TYPES OF NOTATION IN STATOTOS TIME *12 hour notation (standard time) *24 hour notation (military on astronomical time) *a.m. or ante meridiem *p.m. or post meridiem

UNITS USED TO MEASURE TIME WITH THEIR CORRESPONDING EQUIVALEMT FACTOR:

60 seconds (s)= 1 minute (min) 60 minutes =1 hour (hr) 24 hours = 1 day (da) 12 months = 1 year (yr) 365 days = 1 year 366 days = 1 leap year,10 years =1 decade,100 years = 1 century,1000 years = 1 millenium

2nd GRADING IN MATH

Ex: (convertion of time) 1 How many hours are there in a week? 1 week = 7 days 1 day = 24 hours Therefore: 7 days x (24 hours\1 day)= 168 hours Speeo- determined by dividing the distance travelled by the time spent to cover the distance Speed= distance\time or s=d\t Units used: SI-m\s Metric- km\n Ex: -maria run in a 40 km marathon at exactly 2 hours what was marias average sped for the entire marathon? Given:d-40 km t- 2 hr s-?

S=1\T=40 KM \2 HR= 2O KM /HR

ALGEBRA
Constant ,variables and algebra expressions What is algebra? Algebra-comes from the Arabic word al-jabr (which means restoration) it extends the scope of arithmeticto include unknown and variables quantities.Solving equations is the main purpose of algebra Diophantus- father of algebra THE LANGUAGE OF ALGEBRA Here are the following terms to remember: a.) Constant-a number on its own. Example:3,27,102. b.) Variable-it is a symbol usually letters which represents a value or a number. Example: a,x,y,b. c.) Term- is a constant, a variable or a product or quotient of constants and variables. Terms are separated by sybols (+)and(-) ex:4,xy or 8 yz