2' & 3' Day - Radio Interface

1
Emanuele Procaccioli
Rio de Janeiro, September 2005
Overview G8M - GPR8 - EDGE
{radio interface}
2
Overview GSM/GPRS/EDGE
Rio de Janeiro,
September 2005
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AGENDA AGENDA AGENDA AGENDA AGENDA AGENDA AGENDA AGENDA
GSM source & channel coding
GSM radio interface
GSM radio planning
GPRS system
GPRS coding schemes
GPRS protocols & procedures
GPRS security
EDGE radio interface
EDGE coding schemes
GPRS/EDGE performance comparison
EDGE: LQC, LA & IR
EDGE: Planning Issues
MS multislot classes
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September 2005
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GSM radio interface
GSM radio planning
GPRS system
GPRS coding schemes
GPRS security
EDGE coding schemes
EDGE: LQC, LA & IR
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September 2005
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Subscriber Identity Module
G8M Radio Chain G8M Radio Chain G8M Radio Chain G8M Radio Chain G8M Radio Chain G8M Radio Chain G8M Radio Chain G8M Radio Chain
Control
Voice
Encoding
Voice
Decoding
Channel
Coding
Channel
Decoding
Interleaving
De-
Interleaving
Ciphering
De-
Ciphering
Modulation
GMSK
De-
Modulation
Amplifier
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September 2005
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Bit rate after speech coding: 13 Kbps (Full Rate)
Bit rate after channel coding: 22.8 Kbps (Full Rate)
Enhanced full rate (EFR):
13 Kbps, better voice quality
Fragmented speech in high BERs situations
More compression
High quality reproduction
Bit rate under 16 Kbps
Sampling at 8 KHz
(Nyquist)
Voice Activity Detector for
using DTX
G8M 8ource & Channel Coding {} G8M 8ource & Channel Coding {} G8M 8ource & Channel Coding {} G8M 8ource & Channel Coding {} G8M 8ource & Channel Coding {} G8M 8ource & Channel Coding {} G8M 8ource & Channel Coding {} G8M 8ource & Channel Coding {}
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September 2005
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G8M G8M G8M G8M G8M G8M G8M G8M 8ource & Channel Coding {} 8ource & Channel Coding {} 8ource & Channel Coding {} 8ource & Channel Coding {} 8ource & Channel Coding {} 8ource & Channel Coding {} 8ource & Channel Coding {} 8ource & Channel Coding {}
Channel Rate (kbps) TCH Source Code Rate
22.8 kbps FR FR 13 kbps
11.4 kbps HR HR 5.6 kbps
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR 22.8 kbps EFR 12.2 kbps
11.4 kbps AMR 4.75 kbit/s
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September 2005
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G8M G8M G8M G8M G8M G8M G8M G8M 8ource & Channel Coding {} 8ource & Channel Coding {} 8ource & Channel Coding {} 8ource & Channel Coding {} 8ource & Channel Coding {} 8ource & Channel Coding {} 8ource & Channel Coding {} 8ource & Channel Coding {}
Source Code Rate
AMR-WB_23.85
AMR-WB_23.05
AMR-WB_19.85
AMR-WB_6.60
AMR-WB_8.85
AMR-WB_12.65
AMR-WB_14.25
AMR-WB_15.85
AMR-WB_18.25
Wideband AMR (R5)
AMR-NB: sampling rate 8000 sample/sec;
audio bandwidth 200-3400 Hz
AMR-WB: sampling rate 16000 sample/sec;
audio bandwidth 50-7000 Hz
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September 2005
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G8M Tandem Free Operation G8M Tandem Free Operation G8M Tandem Free Operation G8M Tandem Free Operation G8M Tandem Free Operation G8M Tandem Free Operation G8M Tandem Free Operation G8M Tandem Free Operation
The primary objective of TFO is to improve the speech quality in mobile-
to-mobile calls by avoiding double transcoding
The end-to end delay is also reducing avoiding double transcoding
No bandwidth savings can be achieved using TFO
Tandem free can be established only if the same speech codec is used on
both sides
The major constraint of TFO is that the transmission links must be
transparent to the compressed speech frame
MS TRAU TRAU
MS
BTS BTS BSC BSC MSC MSC
IPE IPE
Ater
Abis A A Abis Ater
MS TRAU TRAU
MS
BTS BTS BSC BSC MSC MSC
IPE IPE
Ater
Abis A A Abis Ater
PCM Links
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September 2005
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Bit rate after interleaving, synchronizing and signaling information: 33.9 Kbps
456 bits / 20 ms
G8M nterleaving G8M nterleaving G8M nterleaving G8M nterleaving G8M nterleaving G8M nterleaving G8M nterleaving G8M nterleaving
GPRS
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September 2005
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GSM radio interface
GSM radio planning
GPRS system
GPRS coding schemes
GPRS security
EDGE coding schemes
EDGE: LQC, LA & IR
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September 2005
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FSK
MSK
GMSK
Requirements:
Spectral efficiency
Low TX complexity
Low spurious emissions
Power efficiency
2FSK
CP-2FSK
GMSK MSK
Digital
Signal
+
x
x
cos( )
sen( )
cos( )
sen( )
cos(+ + + +)
}
dt
Gaussian Filter
Modulated
Signal
G8MK Modulation G8MK Modulation G8MK Modulation G8MK Modulation G8MK Modulation G8MK Modulation G8MK Modulation G8MK Modulation
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Combined FDMA-TDMA
0
3
7
6
5
4
1
2
0
3
7
6
5
4
1
2
Mobile Tx Base Tx
Frequency
Time
200 KHz
80 MHz
4.615 ms
G8M Radio nterface G8M Radio nterface G8M Radio nterface G8M Radio nterface G8M Radio nterface G8M Radio nterface G8M Radio nterface G8M Radio nterface
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P - Power
T - Time
F - Frequency
P
T
P
T
F
P
T
F
FDMA (TACS)
TDMA (GSM, DECT)
CDMA (UMTS)
F
Alternative Access Techniques Alternative Access Techniques Alternative Access Techniques Alternative Access Techniques Alternative Access Techniques Alternative Access Techniques Alternative Access Techniques Alternative Access Techniques
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TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem - -- - - -- - Radio nterface Radio nterface Radio nterface Radio nterface Radio nterface Radio nterface Radio nterface Radio nterface
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September 2005
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0
0
0
1
0
0 1
1
1
0 1 6 5 4 3 2 7
1
50
25
25
50
2047
Transmission burst: 0.577 ms
TDMA frame: 4.615 ms
26-Multiframe: 120 ms
51-Multiframe: 235.38 ms
Super-frame (6120 s)
Hyper-frame: 3h 28m 53.760s.
G8M Frame Hierarchy G8M Frame Hierarchy G8M Frame Hierarchy G8M Frame Hierarchy G8M Frame Hierarchy G8M Frame Hierarchy G8M Frame Hierarchy G8M Frame Hierarchy
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TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem - -- - - -- - Frame Hierarchy Frame Hierarchy Frame Hierarchy Frame Hierarchy Frame Hierarchy Frame Hierarchy Frame Hierarchy Frame Hierarchy
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BCCH Broadcast Control
Frequency Correction
Synchronization SCH
FCCH
Slow Association
Stand Alone
Fast Association FACCH
SACCH
SDCCH
Random Access
Access Grant
Paging
RACH
AGCH
PCH
TCH/F
TCH/H
Full rate (9.6 Kbps)
Half rate (4.8 Kbps)
TCH
CCH CCCH
DCCH
BCH
Speech
Data
TCH/F
TCH/H
Full rate (22.8 Kbps)
Half rate (11.4 Kbps)
G8M Physical and Logical Channels G8M Physical and Logical Channels G8M Physical and Logical Channels G8M Physical and Logical Channels G8M Physical and Logical Channels G8M Physical and Logical Channels G8M Physical and Logical Channels G8M Physical and Logical Channels
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TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem TDMA 8ystem - -- - - -- - Control Channels Control Channels Control Channels Control Channels Control Channels Control Channels Control Channels Control Channels
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B88 B88 B88 B88 B88 B88 B88 B88 Protocols Protocols Protocols Protocols Protocols Protocols Protocols Protocols
CM
MM
LAPDm
Ph.Layer
LAPDm
Ph.Layer
Um
A-bis
A
B
S
C
M
S
C
LAPDm
Ph.Layer
RR
BTSM
LAPDm
Ph.Layer
RR
BTSM
MIF' MTP
SCCP
BSSAP
L3
L2
L1
BSSAP
CM
MM
SCCP
MTP
GPRS
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8ynchronization 8ynchronization 8ynchronization 8ynchronization 8ynchronization 8ynchronization 8ynchronization 8ynchronization in TDMA in TDMA in TDMA in TDMA in TDMA in TDMA in TDMA in TDMA
Bursts MS A
Bursts MS B
Bursts BS
Delay = 0
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Delay effect on 8ynchronization Delay effect on 8ynchronization Delay effect on 8ynchronization Delay effect on 8ynchronization Delay effect on 8ynchronization Delay effect on 8ynchronization Delay effect on 8ynchronization Delay effect on 8ynchronization
Burst MS A
Burst MS B
Bursts BS
Delay =
Burst MS A
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Timing Timing Timing Timing Timing Timing Timing Timing advance advance advance advance advance advance advance advance
Burst MS A
Burst MS B
Bursts BS
T
i
m
i
n
g

a
d
v
a
n
c
e
=
Burst MS A
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Power Control {ideal} Power Control {ideal} Power Control {ideal} Power Control {ideal} Power Control {ideal} Power Control {ideal} Power Control {ideal} Power Control {ideal}
R
r
r
M
B
R
P
T
P
M
P
R
P
RIF
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
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Power Control { Power Control { Power Control { Power Control { Power Control { Power Control { Power Control { Power Control {real real real real real real real real} }} } } }} }
R
P
T
r
P
R
P
RIF
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CDMA 8ystem CDMA 8ystem CDMA 8ystem CDMA 8ystem CDMA 8ystem CDMA 8ystem CDMA 8ystem CDMA 8ystem - -- - - -- - Power Control {} Power Control {} Power Control {} Power Control {} Power Control {} Power Control {} Power Control {} Power Control {}
Because the capacity of the network is directly related to the
average power of the interferers, it is important to keep the
power of the mobile just high enough to ensure the desired
signal quality.
Power control for CDMA Systems is a must, for TDMA
systems is just an improvement
GSM GSM IS IS- -95 95
30 dB 30 dB 30 dB 80 dB Power control dynamic
16 Hz 16 Hz 1.6 kHz 1.6 kHz Power control cycles per second
2 dB 2 dB 0.25 1.5 dB 0.25 1.5 dB Power control steps
DL DL UL UL DL DL UL UL
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Power Control algorithms are divided in:
Open Loop Power Control
For initial power level definition
Fast Closed Loop Power Control (Inner Loop)
Power is controlled based on a SIR target
Outer Loop Power Control
SIR Target is evaluated based on quality estimation (BLER)
Closed Loop power control is defined as the combination of
Outer Loop and Inner Loop power control
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Vo|ceJDoto
SIk torget
8S 8S bE bE kNC kNC
Fower
Contro|
IFC
evo|uot|on
SIk torget
evo|uot|on
8LEk
meosurement
SIk
meosurement
IFC S|gno|||ng
Outer
Loop
contro|
Inner
Loop
contro|
Vo|ceJDoto
bE bE 8S 8S
Fower
Contro|
IFC
evo|uot|on
SIk torget
evo|uot|on
8LEk
meosurement
SIk
meosurement
IFC S|gno|||ng
Outer
Loop
contro|
Inner
Loop
contro|
SIk torget
UL UL
DL DL
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GSM radio interface
GSM radio planning
GPRS system
GPRS coding schemes
GPRS security
EDGE coding schemes
EDGE: LQC, LA & IR
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How Many Cells? How Many Cells?
What kind of Cell
Coverage?
What kind of Cell
Coverage?
6 carriers
3 carriers
5 carriers
How Many
Carriers per cell?
How Many
Carriers per cell?
f
1
f
5
f
9
f
6
f
8
What ARFCNs
in each Cell?
What ARFCNs
in each Cell?
G8M Cellular & Frequency Planning G8M Cellular & Frequency Planning G8M Cellular & Frequency Planning G8M Cellular & Frequency Planning G8M Cellular & Frequency Planning G8M Cellular & Frequency Planning G8M Cellular & Frequency Planning G8M Cellular & Frequency Planning
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Frequency Planning
Frequency Planning
Traffic Forecast
Traffic Forecast
BTS Positioning
and Coverage Prediction
BTS Positioning
and Coverage Prediction
Cell Dimensioning (Erlang - B)
Cell Dimensioning (Erlang - B)
Planning Process Planning Process Planning Process Planning Process Planning Process Planning Process Planning Process Planning Process
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Tipical Pixel Size (Resolution)
10 X 7.5 (~ 230 X 230 m)
4 X 3 (~100 X 100 m)
2 X 1.5 (~ 46 X 46 m)
1 X 0.75 (~ 23 X 23 m)
Input Input Creation Creation : Raster Data : Raster Data
Land sampling and digitalization:
Coverage Prediction {} Coverage Prediction {} Coverage Prediction {} Coverage Prediction {} Coverage Prediction {} Coverage Prediction {} Coverage Prediction {} Coverage Prediction {}
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Raster Data: Raster Data:
Altitude Altitude
Altitude
Data Base
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Building Density Building Density
Building
Density
Data Base
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Morphology Morphology
Morphologic
Data Base
Coverage Prediction {V} Coverage Prediction {V} Coverage Prediction {V} Coverage Prediction {V} Coverage Prediction {V} Coverage Prediction {V} Coverage Prediction {V} Coverage Prediction {V}
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Vectorial Vectorial
Data: Data:
Buildings Buildings
Layout Layout
From Aero Photo Survey To Digitalization
High
Resolution:
1m
Buildings
Layout
Data Base
Coverage Prediction {V} Coverage Prediction {V} Coverage Prediction {V} Coverage Prediction {V} Coverage Prediction {V} Coverage Prediction {V} Coverage Prediction {V} Coverage Prediction {V}
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Available Band
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
Cluster
Radio characteristics are considered equal for each cell
Each cell has the same foot-print and the same number of carriers
Frequency plan is based on geometrical consideration
Radio characteristics are considered equal for each cell
Each cell has the same foot-print and the same number of carriers
Frequency plan is based on geometrical consideration
Advantages
Its easy
Advantages
Its easy
Drawbacks
It does not take into account
real conditions
Drawbacks
It does not take into account
real conditions
Frequency Planning Frequency Planning Frequency Planning Frequency Planning Frequency Planning Frequency Planning Frequency Planning Frequency Planning- -- - - -- -ideal {} ideal {} ideal {} ideal {} ideal {} ideal {} ideal {} ideal {}
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Cluster and frequency reuse
Cluster: set of adjacent cells which use different frequencies;
D = frequency reuse distance: distance between 2 cells using the same frequency;
R = cell radius (hypothesis of hexagonal cell).
K j ij i
R
D
3 ) ( 3
2 2
= + + =
integers ,
2 2
j i j ij i K + + =
27 19 13 9 3
19 12 7 4 2
13 7 3 1 1
9 4 1 0 0
3 2 1 0
j
i
R
d
u
v
D
K = number of cells in the cluster;
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Co-channel interference
=
i
i
r
R
I
C
2
) 3 (
6
1
6
1

K
R
D
I
C
=
|
.
|
\
|
3 dB 9 K
I
C
4 . 3 =
1
I
2
I
3
I
4
I
5
I
6
I
6
r
1
r
4
r
2
r
5
r 3
r
Propagation law: 4 7 . 2 < < =
r
k
A
Signal/Noise ratio (co-channel)
With omni-directional antennas:

+ + +
) ( ) ( 2
1
R D D R D
R
I
C
N = number of channels available
Number of channels/sector = N/3K
Trade-off on K
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Available Band
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
7
Radio characteristics depend on
orography and urbanization
percentage, so change cell by cell.
Radio characteristics depend on
orography and urbanization
percentage, so change cell by cell.
Footprints and sizes
of each cell are different
Footprints and sizes
of each cell are different
Each cell have to carry
all the offered traffic
Each cell have to carry
all the offered traffic
Its assigned a different number
of carrier for each cell,
respect to ideal case.
Its assigned a different number
of carrier for each cell,
respect to ideal case.
Frequency Planning Frequency Planning Frequency Planning Frequency Planning Frequency Planning Frequency Planning Frequency Planning Frequency Planning- -- - - -- -real real real real real real real real
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CDMA Planning CDMA Planning CDMA Planning CDMA Planning CDMA Planning CDMA Planning CDMA Planning CDMA Planning
144 kbit/s
13 kbit/s
Cell coverage depends on
the service we provide.
Different cellular plans are
required for different
services!
2Mbit/s
( )
=
=
S
s
s s s s UL
SNR f SAF n
1
1
( )
=
+ =
s
s
s s DL s s s DL
SNR f SAF n
1
,
1
21
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Areas definition in G8M Areas definition in G8M Areas definition in G8M Areas definition in G8M Areas definition in G8M Areas definition in G8M Areas definition in G8M Areas definition in G8M
PLMN Service Area
GSM Service Area
MSCJVLR Service Area
Cella
Location Area
PLMN 1 PLMN 2
PLMN 3 PLMN n

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Hand Over Hand Over Hand Over Hand Over Hand Over Hand Over Hand Over Hand Over
G
S
M
TYPE
Hard Hard
Handover Handover
BEFORE DURING AFTER
D
E
C
T
Seamless Seamless
Handover Handover
C
D
M
A
Soft Soft
Handover Handover
MSC
RNC
F
1
BS1
RFP1
CCFP
BSS1
F
2
F
2
BS2
RFP2
BSS2 BSS2
MSC
F
1
BS2
RNC
F
1
BS1
BSS1 BSS2
MSC
F
1
BS2
RNC
F
1
BS1
RFP#1 RFP2
CCFP
F
1
BSS1
RFP2
CCFP
F
2
RFP1
F
1
22
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GSM radio interface
GSM radio planning
GPRS system
GPRS coding schemes
GPRS security
EDGE coding schemes
EDGE: LQC, LA & IR
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Signalling Signalling
User User data data
Um Um
Packet Packet
Data Data
Network Network
BSC BSC
BTS BTS
GGSN GGSN
MSC MSC
VLR VLR HLR HLR
Gb Gb
Gn Gn
Gi Gi
Gr Gr
Abis Abis
Gs Gs
Other Other
PLMNs PLMNs
GGSN GGSN
Gp Gp
Gc Gc Gd Gd
CGF CGF
Ga Ga
Gf Gf
Charging Charging data data
Billing Billing
System System
SGSN SGSN
EIR EIR
Ga Ga
SM SM- -GMSC GMSC
SMS SMS- -IWMSC IWMSC
MSC MSC
PCU PCU
SCP SCP
GSM CS GSM CS
GPR8 8ystem GPR8 8ystem GPR8 8ystem GPR8 8ystem GPR8 8ystem GPR8 8ystem GPR8 8ystem GPR8 8ystem
23
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GPRS is the Packet Switched branch of GSM
The GPRS branch involves three new entities:
PCU (Packet Control Unit)
SGSN (Service GPRS Support Node)
GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)
GPR8 architecture GPR8 architecture GPR8 architecture GPR8 architecture GPR8 architecture GPR8 architecture GPR8 architecture GPR8 architecture
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PCU (Packet Control Unit)
GPRS radio channels management
PDCH multiplexing
System Info Broadcast, Power control, Congestion
control
GPRS signalling
GPRS traffic (Abis/Gb protocol conversion)
PCU PCU PCU PCU PCU PCU PCU PCU
24
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SGSN (Service GPRS Support Node)
Mobility Management (MM)
Security (Authentication and Ciphering)
Billing
Routing & Data transfer
The SGSN is a Packet Switched MSC
8G8N 8G8N 8G8N 8G8N 8G8N 8G8N 8G8N 8G8N
SGSN
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GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)
Routing & Data transfer
Session Management (SM)
Billing
Security (Firewall)
The GGSN is an upgraded router
GG8N GG8N GG8N GG8N GG8N GG8N GG8N GG8N
25
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GSM radio interface
GSM radio planning
GPRS system
GPRS coding schemes
GPRS security
EDGE coding schemes
EDGE: LQC, LA & IR
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8.25
IAIL 8IIS
GbAkD
FEkIOD
SIEALING FLAGS
IkAINING SEQbENCE
3 3 57 57 1 1 2 2 1 1 57 57 3 3
CODED INFOkMAIIONJSIGNALLING
1 IIME SLOI = 15,25 8II FEkIODS [15J2 0.577 ms}
Normal Burst structure Normal Burst structure Normal Burst structure Normal Burst structure Normal Burst structure Normal Burst structure Normal Burst structure Normal Burst structure
26
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IAIL 8IIS
EXIENDED IAIL 8IIS
SYNCHkONIIAIION SEQbENCE
8 8 41 41 3 3 8.25
EXIENDED
GbAkD FEkIOD
3 3
CODED SIGNALLING INFOkMAIION
1 IIME SLOI = 15,25 8II FEkIODS [15J2 0.577 ms}
Access Burst structure Access Burst structure Access Burst structure Access Burst structure Access Burst structure Access Burst structure Access Burst structure Access Burst structure
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Radio Block 8tructure Radio Block 8tructure Radio Block 8tructure Radio Block 8tructure Radio Block 8tructure Radio Block 8tructure Radio Block 8tructure Radio Block 8tructure
USF precoding (CS-2..CS-4)
4 tail bits (CS-1..CS-3)
rate 1/2 convolutional coding (CS-1..CS-3)
Puncturing (CS-2,CS-3)
456 bits (20ms)
USF BCS Payload
Uplink State Flag Block Check Sequence (40 bit
or 16 bit)
Same gross bit-rate as GSM
(22.8kbps)!!!
27
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C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8- -- - - -- -1 coding scheme 1 coding scheme 1 coding scheme 1 coding scheme 1 coding scheme 1 coding scheme 1 coding scheme 1 coding scheme
4 tail bits (=>tot:228)
rate 1/2 convol. coding (tot:228x2=456)
456 bits
USF BCS Payload
3 bit 40 bit 181 bit
224 bit
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C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8- -- - - -- -4 coding scheme 4 coding scheme 4 coding scheme 4 coding scheme 4 coding scheme 4 coding scheme 4 coding scheme 4 coding scheme
USF precoding
No other coding
444 bits
USF BCS Payload
3 bit 16 bit 428 bit
447 bit
12
456 bit 456 bit
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{E}GPR8 data flow {E}GPR8 data flow {E}GPR8 data flow {E}GPR8 data flow {E}GPR8 data flow {E}GPR8 data flow {E}GPR8 data flow {E}GPR8 data flow
BH Info Field BH Info Field BH BH Info Field
Primary Block Following Blocks ...
FH Information Field FCS
Frame
(LL-PDU)
Blocks
SNDCP layer
LLC layer
Physical layer
PH User Data Packet (N-PDU) Network layer
Compression/Decompression
Segmentation/Re-assembly (not shown)
Channel coding
Reordering & Partitioning
Interleaving
Burst formatting
RLC/MAC layer
Normal Burst Normal Burst Normal Burst Normal Burst
SH Information Field SN-PDU
FH = Frame Header
FCS = Frame Check Sequence
BH = Block Header
PH = Packet Header SH = SN-PDU Header
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GPR8 Coding 8chemes GPR8 Coding 8chemes GPR8 Coding 8chemes GPR8 Coding 8chemes GPR8 Coding 8chemes GPR8 Coding 8chemes GPR8 Coding 8chemes GPR8 Coding 8chemes
Scheme
Code
rate
Payload BCS
Coded
bits
Tail
Punctured
bits
Data rate
(kbps)
CS-1 1/2 181 40 456 4 0 9.05
CS-2 ~ 2/3 268 16 588 4 132 13.4
CS-3 ~ 3/4 312 16 676 4 220 15.6
CS-4 1 428 16 456 - - 21.4
Pre-coded
USF
3
6
6
12
Example Example
181bit/20ms = 9.05 kbps 181bit/20ms = 9.05 kbps
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GPR8 Coding 8chemes GPR8 Coding 8chemes GPR8 Coding 8chemes GPR8 Coding 8chemes GPR8 Coding 8chemes GPR8 Coding 8chemes GPR8 Coding 8chemes GPR8 Coding 8chemes
Scheme Maximum net payload
(bytes)
Maximum net
RLC/MAC data
rate (kbps)
Nominal data rate
(kbps)
Mean Application
data rate (kbps)
CS-1 20 8 9.05 7.7
CS-2 30 12 13.4 11.5
CS-3 36 14.4 15.6 13.8
CS-4 50 20 21.4 19.2

Unaware people said that GPRS was a 171.2 kb/s (CS Unaware people said that GPRS was a 171.2 kb/s (CS- -4 x 8) technology, 4 x 8) technology,
so creating wrong expectations so creating wrong expectations
Example: Example:
(181 (181- - 21) bit/20ms => 8 kbps 21) bit/20ms => 8 kbps
20byte 20byte
21bit=MAC header + RLC 21bit=MAC header + RLC
header header
TCP/IP: 40byte TCP/IP: 40byte
SNDCP: 3byte SNDCP: 3byte
LLC: 6 byte LLC: 6 byte
1160byte/1209 => 95.9% 1160byte/1209 => 95.9%
- -IP packet 1200 byte IP packet 1200 byte
- -Application level Application level
packet: 1160 byte packet: 1160 byte
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Codeword (456 bits) Bit reordering 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57
0 4 Training sequence
1 5
2 6
3 7
57 bits 57 bits
Burst (114 information bits)
GPR8 Block rectangular interleaving GPR8 Block rectangular interleaving GPR8 Block rectangular interleaving GPR8 Block rectangular interleaving GPR8 Block rectangular interleaving GPR8 Block rectangular interleaving GPR8 Block rectangular interleaving GPR8 Block rectangular interleaving
GSM
30
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GSM radio interface
GSM radio planning
GPRS system
GPRS coding schemes
GPRS security
EDGE coding schemes
EDGE: LQC, LA & IR
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Protocol Architecture Protocol Architecture Protocol Architecture Protocol Architecture Protocol Architecture Protocol Architecture Protocol Architecture Protocol Architecture
Application Application
IP / X.25 IP / X.25
SNDCP SNDCP
LLC LLC
RLC RLC
MAC MAC
GSM PL GSM PL
SNDCP SNDCP
BSSGP BSSGP
L1bis L1bis
RLC RLC
MAC MAC
GSM PL GSM PL
LLC Relay LLC Relay
L2 L2
L1 L1
L2 L2
L1 L1
IP IP
GTP GTP
IP / X.25 IP / X.25
Um Gb Gn Gi
MS BSS SGSN GGSN
Frame Frame
Relay Relay
Frame Frame
Relay Relay
BSSGP BSSGP
L1bis L1bis
LLC LLC
GTP GTP
IP IP
TLLI
TID
IP
TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP
C ABC
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
* 0 #
SGSN
GGSN
LLC Relay LLC Relay
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IP IP
SNDCP SNDCP
LLC LLC
RLC RLC
MAC MAC
GSM PL GSM PL
SNDCP SNDCP
BSSGP BSSGP
L1bis L1bis
RLC RLC
MAC MAC
GSM PL GSM PL
LLC Relay LLC Relay
L2 L2
L1 L1
L2 L2
L1 L1
TCP TCP- -UDP UDP
/IP /IP
GTP GTP
IP IP
Um Um Gb Gb Gn Gn Gi Gi
MS MS BSS BSS SGSN SGSN GGSN GGSN
Frame Frame
Relay Relay
Frame Frame
Relay Relay
BSSGP BSSGP
L1bis L1bis
LLC LLC
GTP GTP
TCP TCP- -UDP UDP
/IP /IP
L1 L1
L2 L2
{E}GPR8 Transmission Plane {E}GPR8 Transmission Plane {E}GPR8 Transmission Plane {E}GPR8 Transmission Plane {E}GPR8 Transmission Plane {E}GPR8 Transmission Plane {E}GPR8 Transmission Plane {E}GPR8 Transmission Plane
GSM
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Control and User plane for G8M/GPR8 R97/98 Control and User plane for G8M/GPR8 R97/98 Control and User plane for G8M/GPR8 R97/98 Control and User plane for G8M/GPR8 R97/98 Control and User plane for G8M/GPR8 R97/98 Control and User plane for G8M/GPR8 R97/98 Control and User plane for G8M/GPR8 R97/98 Control and User plane for G8M/GPR8 R97/98
Network
Service
GTP SNDCP
Network
Service
Application
IP
SNDCP
LLC
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
LLC
BSSGP
L1bis
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
BSSGP
L1bis
Relay
L2
L1
IP
L2
L1
IP
GTP
IP
Um Gb Gn Gi
MS BSS SGSN GGSN
UDP /
TCP
UDP / TCP
Relay
Relay
IP
BSSGP
Relay
LLC
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
LLC
BSSGP
L1bis
Um Gb
MS BSS
SGSN
Network
Service
RLC
MAC
GSM RF L1bis
Network
Service
UDP
L1
L2
IP
GMM/SM
GMM/SM
GTP GTP
UDP
L1
L2
GGSN
Relay
Gn
Control
Plane
User
Plane
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GTP (GPRS GTP (GPRS Tunnelling Tunnelling Protocol) Protocol)
Data transfer between the right Data transfer between the right GSNs GSNs by the TID (Tunnel Identifier) by the TID (Tunnel Identifier)
Session Management (PDP CA), Mobility Management (RAU) Session Management (PDP CA), Mobility Management (RAU)
TCP/UDP TCP/UDP
reliable/unreliable (X.25/IP) control protocol for GTP PDU reliable/unreliable (X.25/IP) control protocol for GTP PDU
IP IP
Core network transport protocol Core network transport protocol
Protocol Architecture {} Protocol Architecture {} Protocol Architecture {} Protocol Architecture {} Protocol Architecture {} Protocol Architecture {} Protocol Architecture {} Protocol Architecture {}
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SNDCP ( SNDCP (Subnetwork Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol) Dependent Convergence Protocol)
Multiplexing over the same logical link Multiplexing over the same logical link
Data and header data compression Data and header data compression
LLC (Logical Link Control) LLC (Logical Link Control)
It manages a logical link between MS and SGSN It manages a logical link between MS and SGSN
It provides ciphering and reliability It provides ciphering and reliability
BSSGP (BSS GPRS application Protocol) BSSGP (BSS GPRS application Protocol)
SGSN SGSN- -BSC connection management BSC connection management
Flow Control Flow Control
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NS (Network Service)/FR (Frame Relay) NS (Network Service)/FR (Frame Relay)
Gb Gb link management link management
BSSGP PDU bearer protocol BSSGP PDU bearer protocol
RLC/MAC (Radio Link Control/Medium Access Control) RLC/MAC (Radio Link Control/Medium Access Control)
RLC: RLC:
MS BSS reliable link. MS BSS reliable link.
LLC frames segmentation/reassembly LLC frames segmentation/reassembly
MAC: MAC:
Radio access management (request and grant) Radio access management (request and grant)
Shared radio resources multiplexing Shared radio resources multiplexing
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GPR8 RLC/MAC layer GPR8 RLC/MAC layer GPR8 RLC/MAC layer GPR8 RLC/MAC layer GPR8 RLC/MAC layer GPR8 RLC/MAC layer GPR8 RLC/MAC layer GPR8 RLC/MAC layer
RLC function
Transfer of LLC PDUs between LLC layer and MAC function
Segmentation and re-assembly of LLC PDUs into/from RLC
data blocks
Segmentation and re-assembly of RLC/MAC control messages
into/from RLC/MAC control blocks
Selective retransmission of RLC data blocks
MAC function
Procedures for reception of PBCCH and PCCCH
Provision of Temporary Block Flows (TBFs) that allow the
transfer of signalling and user data between the network and a
mobile station
Management of the shared transmission resources, the control
of which resides on the network side
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Packet Data Logical Channels {} Packet Data Logical Channels {} Packet Data Logical Channels {} Packet Data Logical Channels {} Packet Data Logical Channels {} Packet Data Logical Channels {} Packet Data Logical Channels {} Packet Data Logical Channels {}
Packet Common Control Channel (PCCCH):
PRACH: random access (uplink)
PPCH: paging (downlink)
PAGCH: access grant (downlink)
PNCH: PTM-M notification (downlink)
Packet Broadcast Control Channel (PBCCH) (downlink)
Packet Traffic Channels:
PDTCH: data traffic
Packet Dedicated Control Channels:
PACCH: associated control
PTCCH/U: timing advance estimation (uplink))
PTCCH/D: timing advance information (downlink)
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The radio blocks are transmitted over 4 bursts belonging to 4
consecutive TDMA frames
Transmission on a Packet Data CHannel (PDCH):
transmission on PRACH and PTCCH/U is performed by
sending an access burst
transmission on all the other packet data logical channels is
performed by sending radio blocks constituted by four
consecutive normal bursts
a Packet Control Acknowledgement can be sent via 4 access
bursts, if required by the network
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PCCCH is mapped on one or several physical channels, following a 52-
multiframe
PRACH is determined by Uplink State Flag (USF) set FREE and
broadcast on the downlink or by a fixed allocation
PBCCH is mapped on one physical channel
A given PDTCH is mapped on one physical channel
An MS can use up to 8 PDTCHs on the same carrier
A given PACCH is mapped on one physical channel and is allocated
dynamically on a block basis
PTCCH/U is mapped to one of the time slots where PDTCHs are allocated
to the MS; PTCCH/D is associated to several PTCCH/Us sharing the same
TS
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{E}GPR8 {E}GPR8 {E}GPR8 {E}GPR8 {E}GPR8 {E}GPR8 {E}GPR8 {E}GPR8 Multiframe Multiframe Multiframe Multiframe Multiframe Multiframe Multiframe Multiframe 8tructure 8tructure 8tructure 8tructure 8tructure 8tructure 8tructure 8tructure
52 TDMA frames divided in:
12 radio blocks B0-B11 (of 4 consecutive frames)
2 frames used for PTCCH (T)
2 idle frames (X)
TDMA Frame 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
Block B0 B1 B2 T B3 B4 B5 X B6 B7 B8 T B9 B10 B11 X
Idle frames
Radio Blocks
Frames for PTCCH
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Uplink Transmission Uplink Transmission Uplink Transmission Uplink Transmission Uplink Transmission Uplink Transmission Uplink Transmission Uplink Transmission
Data Block
temporary Packet Ack/Nack
Data Block (last)
Access and Assignment
MS Network
PDTCH
PACCH
PDTCH
Packet Uplink Assignment
Packet Control Acknowledgement
PACCH
PACCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block (last in send window)
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
final Packet Ack/Nack
PACCH
MS Network
Packet Channel Request
Packet Resource Request
PRACH or RACH
PAGCH or AGCH
PACCH
PACCH
(Optional)
(Optional)
Uplink access
Uplink data transfer
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Downlink paging
Downlink data transfer
MS Network
Packet Channel Request
Packet Paging Response (LLC frame)
PRACH or RACH
PAGCH or AGCH
PACCH
PPCH or PCH
Packet Paging Request
Data Block
temporary Packet Ack/Nack
Paging and Assignment
MS Network
PDTCH
PACCH
Packet Downlink Assignment
Packet Control Acknowledgement
PACCH
PACCH
PACCH
final Packet Ack/Nack
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block (polling)
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block (last, polling)
PDTCH
MS Network
Packet Downlink Assignment
PACCH or
PAGCH or
AGCH
Downlink Transmission Downlink Transmission Downlink Transmission Downlink Transmission Downlink Transmission Downlink Transmission Downlink Transmission Downlink Transmission
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Sharing of radio resource between GSM and GPRS
Half or Full Duplex connections
Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {}
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4 4 4
1 1 3 1 2 3 1
1 1 3 1 2 3 1
1 1 3 1 2 1 1
1 3 3 1 2 3 1
4
GSM
users
GPRS users
TS 7
TS 6
TS 5
TS 4
TS 3
TS 2
TS 1
TS 0
Frame Num.
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Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {}
Ericsson review, n. 2, 1999
http://www.ericsson.com/review/1999_02/article51.shtml
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Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {} Radio resources sharing {}
TS
1-8
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
8-1
Theoretically a terminal can use up to 8 time slot in UL and DL. Theoretically a terminal can use up to 8 time slot in UL and DL.
In practice the sum of UL and DL cannot be over 5 In practice the sum of UL and DL cannot be over 5
The same time slot can be shared among up to 8 (o 16) terminals The same time slot can be shared among up to 8 (o 16) terminals
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GPRS Mobility Management is about the same as GSM CS Mobility GPRS Mobility Management is about the same as GSM CS Mobility
Management Management
GPRS Mobility Management includes: GPRS Mobility Management includes:
Attach/Detach procedures Attach/Detach procedures
Security functions (the same as GSM CS) Security functions (the same as GSM CS)
Location Update at cell level (Cell Update) and core network lev Location Update at cell level (Cell Update) and core network level el
(Routing Area Update) (Routing Area Update)
Mobility Management 8tates {} Mobility Management 8tates {} Mobility Management 8tates {} Mobility Management 8tates {} Mobility Management 8tates {} Mobility Management 8tates {} Mobility Management 8tates {} Mobility Management 8tates {}
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Three MM states are defined for the MS and the network (SGSN) Three MM states are defined for the MS and the network (SGSN)
IDLE IDLE: the user is not reachable by the network : the user is not reachable by the network
STANDBY STANDBY: the user is attached but not active. User : the user is attached but not active. User s location is known s location is known
at RA level, it receives paging, performs MM procedures at RA level, it receives paging, performs MM procedures
READY READY: the user is attached and active. User : the user is attached and active. User s location is known at cell s location is known at cell
level level
GPRS states have different name of GSM states: GPRS states have different name of GSM states:
Idle/Standby/Ready corresponding to Detached/Idle/Connected Idle/Standby/Ready corresponding to Detached/Idle/Connected
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Ready Timer Ready Timer
expiry expiry
Standby Standby
Ready Ready
Idle Idle
GPRS Attach GPRS Attach
PDU transmission PDU transmission
GPRS Detach GPRS Detach
MM State Model of SGSN MM State Model of SGSN
Implicit Detach Implicit Detach
PDU reception PDU reception
GPRS Detach GPRS Detach
GPRS Attach GPRS Attach
Idle Idle
Ready Ready
Standby Standby
READY timer expiry READY timer expiry
or or
Force to STANDBY Force to STANDBY
or or
Abnormal RLC condition Abnormal RLC condition
MM State Model of MS MM State Model of MS
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RA is conceptually the same of LA RA is conceptually the same of LA
The SGSN tracks users: The SGSN tracks users:
at cell level, when they are active (Ready at cell level, when they are active (Ready
State) State)
at RA level when they are inactive at RA level when they are inactive
(Standby State) (Standby State)
RA is smaller or equal than LA: RA is smaller or equal than LA:
RA should not be too big to reduce the RA should not be too big to reduce the
flooding of GPRS paging flooding of GPRS paging
RA should not be too small to reduce the RA should not be too small to reduce the
RAU RAU
RA can RA can t cross LA, to allow combined t cross LA, to allow combined
RA/LA Update procedures (if Gs interface RA/LA Update procedures (if Gs interface
is active) is active)
LA LA
R R
A A
R R
A A
RA RA
Cell Cell Cell Cell
RA RA
Cell Cell Cell Cell
RA RA
Cell Cell Cell Cell
Mobility Management Areas Definition {} Mobility Management Areas Definition {} Mobility Management Areas Definition {} Mobility Management Areas Definition {} Mobility Management Areas Definition {} Mobility Management Areas Definition {} Mobility Management Areas Definition {} Mobility Management Areas Definition {}
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Routing Area (RA): Routing Area (RA):
is comprised in is comprised in one only LA one only LA
is managed by is managed by one only SGSN one only SGSN
The RAI is announced on the BCCH among the System Information The RAI is announced on the BCCH among the System Information
The couple The couple RAI+TLLI RAI+TLLI identifies a unique MS in the whole network identifies a unique MS in the whole network
Routing Area related procedures are: Routing Area related procedures are:
Routing Area Update (Intra and Inter SGSN) Routing Area Update (Intra and Inter SGSN)
Periodic Routing Area Update (always Intra SGSN) Periodic Routing Area Update (always Intra SGSN)
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BTS
BSC BSC
BTS
BTS
BSC
LA
a
Cell Update
RA
k
RA
j
RA
m
RA Update
Periodic RA
Update
LA\RA Update
LA
b
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Cell Re Cell Re- -selection procedure: selection procedure:
The MS measures the power level of its neighbour cells ( The MS measures the power level of its neighbour cells (power power
level of the level of the BCCHs BCCHs listed in the BA(GPRS) list listed in the BA(GPRS) list) )
In In packet idle mode packet idle mode: at least one measure each 4 sec. have to : at least one measure each 4 sec. have to
be performed be performed
In In packet transfer mode packet transfer mode: one measure each TDMA frame is : one measure each TDMA frame is
performed performed
In In Network Control Mode 0 Network Control Mode 0 (NC0) the MS can select (NC0) the MS can select
autonomously the target cell for its cell re autonomously the target cell for its cell re- -selection procedure selection procedure
and also trigger autonomously the cell change and also trigger autonomously the cell change
The MS re The MS re- -selects the target cell based on selects the target cell based on radio criteria only radio criteria only
When in the new cell the MS has to ask again to the network for When in the new cell the MS has to ask again to the network for
new resources assignment new resources assignment
Cell Re Cell Re- -selection can cause a lake of throughput up to 4/5 sec. selection can cause a lake of throughput up to 4/5 sec.
Mobility Management: Cell Re Mobility Management: Cell Re Mobility Management: Cell Re Mobility Management: Cell Re Mobility Management: Cell Re Mobility Management: Cell Re Mobility Management: Cell Re Mobility Management: Cell Re- -- - - -- -selection {} selection {} selection {} selection {} selection {} selection {} selection {} selection {}
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Cell Re Cell Re- -selection procedure: selection procedure:
In GPRS there are three possible modes to perform the cell In GPRS there are three possible modes to perform the cell
re re- -selection either in Idle Mode than in Packet Transfer selection either in Idle Mode than in Packet Transfer
Mode: Mode:
NC0 NC0: MS controlled cell re : MS controlled cell re- -selection, selection,
no measurement report; no measurement report;
NC1 NC1 : MS controlled cell re : MS controlled cell re- -selection, selection,
MS send measurement report; MS send measurement report;
NC2 NC2 : Network controlled cell re : Network controlled cell re- -selection, selection,
MS send measurement report; MS send measurement report;
The cell re The cell re- -selection mode is controlled by the network selection mode is controlled by the network
broadcasting the parameter broadcasting the parameter Network Control Order Network Control Order in the in the
cell cell
Mobility Management: Cell Re Mobility Management: Cell Re Mobility Management: Cell Re Mobility Management: Cell Re Mobility Management: Cell Re Mobility Management: Cell Re Mobility Management: Cell Re Mobility Management: Cell Re- -- - - -- -selection {} selection {} selection {} selection {} selection {} selection {} selection {} selection {}
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Mobility Management: NCCR Mobility Management: NCCR Mobility Management: NCCR Mobility Management: NCCR Mobility Management: NCCR Mobility Management: NCCR Mobility Management: NCCR Mobility Management: NCCR
Network Controlled Cell Reselection (NC2): Network Controlled Cell Reselection (NC2):
The MS sends The MS sends Packet Measurements Reports Packet Measurements Reports to the network to the network
to allow network to select the best target cell for cell to allow network to select the best target cell for cell
reselection procedure (taking into account load and reselection procedure (taking into account load and
interference condition and in some cases also QoS profile) interference condition and in some cases also QoS profile)
The Network sends to the MS a The Network sends to the MS a Cell Change Order Cell Change Order message message
indicating the selected target cell indicating the selected target cell
The MS perform the cell reselection towards the target cell The MS perform the cell reselection towards the target cell
NCCR is a R97 feature (mandatory on terminals, optional on NCCR is a R97 feature (mandatory on terminals, optional on
network) network)
Enabling NCCR feature an Enabling NCCR feature an impact on the network impact on the network have to be have to be
expected because all GPRS expected because all GPRS MSs MSs active in the network will active in the network will
send Packet Measurement Reports to the network also in idle send Packet Measurement Reports to the network also in idle
mode. mode.
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Network Assisted Cell Change: Network Assisted Cell Change:
NACC allows the BSS to assist an MS in cell reselection while NACC allows the BSS to assist an MS in cell reselection while
in Packet Transfer Mode getting a reduction in service outage in Packet Transfer Mode getting a reduction in service outage
time time
It can be considered as the first step to guarantee full mobilit It can be considered as the first step to guarantee full mobility y
also for PS Streaming services also for PS Streaming services
The MS sends The MS sends Packet Measurements Reports Packet Measurements Reports to the network to the network
allowing the network to provide in advance to the MS the allowing the network to provide in advance to the MS the
needed System Info of the target cell needed System Info of the target cell
The The MS decide MS decide when to start with the cell reselection procedure when to start with the cell reselection procedure
towards the target cell towards the target cell
Expected Expected performances performances are a drop out of 0,3 are a drop out of 0,3 0,8 seconds for 0,8 seconds for
intra intra- -BSC cell reselection procedure BSC cell reselection procedure
Intra Intra- -BSC BSC NACC is a R4 feature NACC is a R4 feature
Inter Inter- -BSC BSC NACC is a R5 feature NACC is a R5 feature
Mobility Management: NACC Mobility Management: NACC Mobility Management: NACC Mobility Management: NACC Mobility Management: NACC Mobility Management: NACC Mobility Management: NACC Mobility Management: NACC
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GSM radio interface
GSM radio planning
GPRS system
GPRS coding schemes
GPRS security
EDGE coding schemes
EDGE: LQC, LA & IR
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Ki and Kc are never transmitted on radio channel
Kc is time varying
GEN.
RAND
A3
Ki Ki
A3
SRES(MS) = SRES(NW)
YES NO
SRES(MS) (32 bit)
SRES(NW)
RAND (128 bit)
IMSI
OK DENIED
MS
RADIO
PATH
NETWORK
ACCESS
REQUEST
GEN.
RAND
A8
Ki Ki
A8
INFO
RAND
IMSI
MS
RADIO
PATH
NETWORK
ACCESS
REQUEST
A5 A5
Kc Kc
INFO CIPHERED INFO
Authentication requested when
MS connects to the network
Location update
Services
INFO
Authentication & Ciphering in G8M Authentication & Ciphering in G8M Authentication & Ciphering in G8M Authentication & Ciphering in G8M Authentication & Ciphering in G8M Authentication & Ciphering in G8M Authentication & Ciphering in G8M Authentication & Ciphering in G8M
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8G8N 8G8N
GEA GEA- -A5 A5
GG8N GG8N
GPR8
backbone
GPR8 GPR8
backbone backbone
nternet
nternet nternet
3 33 3 3 33 3 3 33 3
2 22 2 2 22 2 2 22 2
4 44 4 4 44 4 4 44 4
Corporate
Corporate Corporate
M8 M8
GEA GEA- -A5 A5
1 11 1 1 11 1 1 11 1
8M 8M
IMSI IMSI
A3, A8 A3, A8
Ki Ki
B8C B8C BT8 BT8
HLR/ HLR/AuC AuC
S
S
7
S
S
7
G L O B A L S Y S T E M F O R
M O B I L E C O M M U N I C A T I O N S
R
4 44 4 4 44 4 4 44 4 2 22 2 2 22 2 2 22 2 3 33 3 3 33 3 3 33 3 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 11 1
Authentication Authentication Authentication Authentication Authentication Authentication Authentication Authentication
Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory
Y YY Y Y YY Y
Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional - -- - - -- - - -- - - -- -
N NN N N NN N N NN N N NN N N NN N N NN N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N
Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering
Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering
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SRES SRES
A3 A3 A3 A3
M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 Network Network Network Network Network Network Network Network
Ki Ki Ki Ki RAND RAND
SRES SRES
Equals? Equals? Equals? Equals? Equals? Equals? Equals? Equals?
Authentication Authentication Authentication Authentication Authentication Authentication Authentication Authentication Authentication Authentication Authentication Authentication
Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering 2 22 2 2 22 2 2 22 2 3 33 3 3 33 3 3 33 3
P8ec P8ec P8ec P8ec E8P E8P E8P E8P P8ec P8ec P8ec P8ec E8P E8P E8P E8P
GPRS GPRS- -Kc Kc
8ender 8ender 8ender 8ender 8ender 8ender 8ender 8ender
output output
Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear
GPRS GPRS- -A5 A5
INPUT INPUT
(sync) (sync)
DIRECTION DIRECTION
Receiver Receiver Receiver Receiver Receiver Receiver Receiver Receiver
output output
GPRS GPRS- -A5 A5
INPUT INPUT
(sync) (sync)
DIRECTION DIRECTION
GPRS GPRS- -Kc Kc
Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 11 1
Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear
GPRS GPRS- -Kc Kc
A8 A8 A8 A8
Ki Ki Ki Ki RAND RAND
GPRS GPRS- -Kc Kc
M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 Network Network Network Network Network Network Network Network
Ciphered Ciphered Ciphered Ciphered Ciphered Ciphered Ciphered Ciphered
Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering
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8G8N 8G8N
GEA GEA- -A5 A5
GG8N GG8N
GPR8
backbone
GPR8 GPR8
backbone backbone
2 22 2 2 22 2 2 22 2 Corporate
Corporate Corporate
M8 M8
GEA GEA- -A5 A5
1 11 1 1 11 1 1 11 1
8M 8M
IMSI IMSI
A3, A8 A3, A8
Ki Ki
B8C B8C BT8 BT8
3 33 3 3 33 3 3 33 3
Um Um Gb Gb Gn Gn Gi Gi
MS MS BSS BSS SGSN SGSN GGSN GGSN
IPSec IPSec/ /
IP IP
IP IP IP IP
GTP GTP
UDP / UDP /
TCP TCP
IPSec IPSec
L2 L2 L2 L2
L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1
L2 L2
IPSec IPSec
UDP / UDP /
TCP TCP
GTP GTP SNDCP SNDCP
LLC LLC
BSSGP BSSGP
Network Network
Service Service
L1bis L1bis
Relay Relay
GSM RF GSM RF
MAC MAC
RLC RLC BSSGP BSSGP
Network Network
Service Service
L1bis L1bis
Relay Relay
GSM RF GSM RF
MAC MAC
RLC RLC
LLC LLC
SNDCP SNDCP
IP IP
1 11 1 1 11 1 1 11 1
2 22 2 2 22 2 2 22 2
3 33 3 3 33 3 3 33 3
Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering
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M8 M8 8G8No 8G8No 8G8Nn 8G8Nn
2. Identification Request 2. Identification Request
HLR/ HLR/AuC AuC
1. Attach Request 1. Attach Request
2. Identification Response 2. Identification Response
A3 A3 A8 A8
RAND RAND
Generator Generator
TRIPLETS TRIPLETS
Ki Ki
Kc Kc RAND RAND SRES SRES
A3 A3 A8 A8
Ki Ki Ki Ki RAND RAND RAND RAND
SRES SRES Kc Kc
3. Identity Request 3. Identity Request
3. Identity Response 3. Identity Response
4. Send authentication info (IMSI) 4. Send authentication info (IMSI)
4. Send authentication info 4. Send authentication info Ack Ack ( (TRIPLETS TRIPLETS) )
5. Authentication and Ciphering Request ( 5. Authentication and Ciphering Request (RAND RAND, CKSN, Ciphering Algorithm) , CKSN, Ciphering Algorithm)
5. Authentication and Ciphering Response ( 5. Authentication and Ciphering Response (SRES SRES) )
6. Identity Request 6. Identity Request
6. Identity Response (IMEI) 6. Identity Response (IMEI)
EIR EIR
7. Check IMEI 7. Check IMEI
7. Check IMEI 7. Check IMEI Ack Ack
8. Location updating procedures 8. Location updating procedures
9. Attach Accept 9. Attach Accept
9. Attach Complete 9. Attach Complete
MSC/VLR MSC/VLR
old/new old/new
8. Location updating procedures 8. Location updating procedures
10. TMSI Relocation Complete 10. TMSI Relocation Complete
GPRS GPRS- -A5 A5
Kc Kc
GPRS GPRS- -A5 A5
GPR8 Attach GPR8 Attach GPR8 Attach GPR8 Attach GPR8 Attach GPR8 Attach GPR8 Attach GPR8 Attach GPR8 Attach GPR8 Attach GPR8 Attach GPR8 Attach
1 11 1 1 11 1 1 11 1
Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering Authentication & Ciphering : an example : an example : an example : an example : an example : an example : an example : an example
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GSM radio interface
GSM radio planning
GPRS system
GPRS coding schemes
GPRS security
EDGE coding schemes
EDGE: LQC, LA & IR
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MMS
Data base access
Music download
FTP
E-mail with attachments
Full Web browsing
Games
E-commerce
Audio & video streaming
Seamless audio & video streaming (ECSD, 64 kbps)
Video-telephony (ECSD, 64 kbps)
Video-conferencing (ECSD, 64 kbps)
EDGE Applications examples EDGE Applications examples EDGE Applications examples EDGE Applications examples EDGE Applications examples EDGE Applications examples EDGE Applications examples EDGE Applications examples
Background Background
Interactive Interactive
Conversational Conversational
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EDGE service requirements EDGE service requirements EDGE service requirements EDGE service requirements EDGE service requirements EDGE service requirements EDGE service requirements EDGE service requirements
Higher data rates
New modulation scheme (8-PSK)
The maximum ECSD data rate is equal to 64 kbps
Core network constraint
Service
Data rate per
slot (kbps)
Peak data rate
(kbps)
User speed
(km/h)
18 144 (8 slots) 100-250
EGPRS
48 384 (8 slots)
ECSD 28.8 NT/T 28.8
ECSD 32 T 32
ECSD 43.2 NT 43.2

64 (2 slots)

3-100

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EDGE 8 EDGE 8 EDGE 8 EDGE 8 EDGE 8 EDGE 8 EDGE 8 EDGE 8- -- - - -- -P8K Modulation P8K Modulation P8K Modulation P8K Modulation P8K Modulation P8K Modulation P8K Modulation P8K Modulation
I
Q
Symbol rotation: 3 /8
(1,1,1)
(1,1,0)
(1,0,0)
(1,0,1)
(0,0,1)
(0,0,0)
(0,1,0)
(0,1,1)
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GSM radio interface
GSM radio planning
GPRS system
GPRS coding schemes
GPRS security
EDGE coding schemes
EDGE: LQC, LA & IR
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EGPR8 Modulation & Coding 8chemes {} EGPR8 Modulation & Coding 8chemes {} EGPR8 Modulation & Coding 8chemes {} EGPR8 Modulation & Coding 8chemes {} EGPR8 Modulation & Coding 8chemes {} EGPR8 Modulation & Coding 8chemes {} EGPR8 Modulation & Coding 8chemes {} EGPR8 Modulation & Coding 8chemes {}
The payload unit should not be seen
as the RLC block. Different coding
rates within a family are achieved by
transmitting a different number of
payload units within a 20 ms block.
Scheme Modulation
Maximum
rate (kbps)
Code
Rate
Header
Code Rate
RLC Blocks
per 20 ms
Family
MCS-9 59.2 1.0 0,36 2 A
MCS-8 54.4 0.92 0,36 2 A
MCS-7 8PSK 44.8 0.76 0.36 2 B
MCS-6 29.6 0.49 1/3 1 A
MCS-5 22.4 0.37 1/3 1 B
MCS-4 17.6 1.0 0.53 1 C
MCS-3 14.8 0.85 0.53 1 A
MCS-2 11.2 0.66 0.53 1 B
MCS-1

GMSK
8.8 0.53 0.53 1 C

Family
Payload basic unit
(bytes)
Payload units
per 20 ms block
A 34 - 37 1, 2 or 4
B 28 1, 2 or 4
C 22 1 or 2

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Interleaving: MCS-7, MCS-8 and MCS-9 are
split into two RLC blocks (separate sequence
numbers and BCSs). These blocks in turn are
interleaved over 2 bursts for MCS-8 & MCS-9.
MCS-7 is still interleaved over four bursts.
MCS choice: For initial transmissions, any MCS
can be selected based on the current link quality.
In case of retransmissions, the MCS is selected
within the same Family on the basis of the
adopted automatic repeat request mechanism.
2S 2S 2S 2S
FamIIy B
MCS-?
MCS-S
MCS-2
Octets
MCS-3
FamIIy A 3? 3? 3? 3?
MCS-6
MCS-9
Octets
22 22
FamIIy C
MCS-4
MCS-1
Octets
FamIIy A
paddIng
34 34 34 34
MCS-S
Octets
34+3 34+3
MCS-6
Octets
MCS-3
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Family C (kbps) Family B (kbps)
Family A
padding
(kbps) Family A (kbps)
MCS-1 8.8 MCS-2 11.2 MCS-3 13.6 MCS-3 14.8
MCS-4 17.6 MCS-5 22.4 MCS-6 27.2 MCS-6 29.6
MCS-7 44.8 MCS-8 54.4 MCS-9 59.2
Maximum net RLC/MAC data rate
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EGPR8 RLC/MAC block for data transfer EGPR8 RLC/MAC block for data transfer EGPR8 RLC/MAC block for data transfer EGPR8 RLC/MAC block for data transfer EGPR8 RLC/MAC block for data transfer EGPR8 RLC/MAC block for data transfer EGPR8 RLC/MAC block for data transfer EGPR8 RLC/MAC block for data transfer
RLC/MAC block
RLC data block 1 RLC data block 2 (conditional*)
E
FBI
/TI
EGPRS RLC data unit
RLC/MAC header
* for MCS-7 MCS-9
Size (bytes)
Downlink Uplink
header type 1: MCS-7 MCS-9 5 5.75
header type 2: MCS-5 MCS-6 3.5 4.625
header type 3: MCS-1 MCS-4 3.875 3.875
Size (bytes)
MCS-1 22
MCS-2 28
MCS-3 37
MCS-4 44
MCS-5 56
MCS-6 74
MCS-7 56
MCS-8 68
MCS-9 74
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EGPR8: MC8 EGPR8: MC8 EGPR8: MC8 EGPR8: MC8 EGPR8: MC8 EGPR8: MC8 EGPR8: MC8 EGPR8: MC8- -- - - -- -1 DL 1 DL 1 DL 1 DL 1 DL 1 DL 1 DL 1 DL
Block
code
Rate 1/3
convolutional
Puncturing P1 or P2 Puncturing
Rate 1/3 convolutional
588 bits
USF
RLC/MAC
header
RLC Data = 22 bytes = 176 bits TB
12 bits 108 bits
196 bits
372 bits 68 bits 12 bits 4 Extra SF
456 bits
36 bits
BCS HCS E FBI
3 bits
Interleaving
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Interleaving Interleaving
Block
code
Rate 1/3
convolutional
Puncturing P1 or P2 + 1 spare bit
1404 bits
USF
RLC/MAC
header
RLC Data = 56 bytes = 448 bits TB
36 bits 99 bits
468 bits
1248 bits 100 bits 36 bits 8 Extra SF
1392 bits
33 bits
BCS HCS E FBI
3 bits
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Rate 1/3
convolutional
Puncturing P1 or P2 or P3 Puncturing Puncturing P1 or P2 or P3
36 bits 124 bits 8 Extra SF
1392 bits
Block
code
1836 bits 36 bits 135 bits
612 bits 45 bits
TB BCS USF
RLC/MAC
header
HCS RLC Data = 74 bytes = 592 bits E FBI
3 bits
TB BCS RLC Data = 74 bytes = 592 bits E FBI
612 bits
1836 bits
612 bits 612 bits
Interleaving Interleaving
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GSM radio interface
GSM radio planning
GPRS system
GPRS coding schemes
GPRS security
EDGE coding schemes
EDGE: LQC, LA & IR
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Four coding schemes (CS) for traffic data with increasing channel rates
CS-1 mandatory for BSs
CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4 mandatory for MSs
Coding scheme CS-1 is also used for signalling
Maximum speed (theoretical) 171.2 kbit/s BUT SOME ASPECTS AND LIMITATIONS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN
ORDER TO HAVE A REALISTIC IDEA OF PERFORMANCES.
In theory the speed of about 170 Kb/s can be obtained by (21.4*8)!!!
GPR8 Coding 8chemes
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GPR8/EDGE Performance Comparison {} GPR8/EDGE Performance Comparison {} GPR8/EDGE Performance Comparison {} GPR8/EDGE Performance Comparison {} GPR8/EDGE Performance Comparison {} GPR8/EDGE Performance Comparison {} GPR8/EDGE Performance Comparison {} GPR8/EDGE Performance Comparison {}
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C/I [dB]
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t

[
k
B
y
t
e
s
/
s
]
CS1
CS2
CS3
CS4

BLER=10%
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5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
MCS1
MCS2
MCS3
MCS4
MCS5
MCS6
MCS7
MCS8
MCS9
C/I [dB]
T
h
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o
u
g
h
p
u
t

[
k
b
/
s

p
e
r

T
S
]
GPR8/EDGE Performance Comparison {} GPR8/EDGE Performance Comparison {} GPR8/EDGE Performance Comparison {} GPR8/EDGE Performance Comparison {} GPR8/EDGE Performance Comparison {} GPR8/EDGE Performance Comparison {} GPR8/EDGE Performance Comparison {} GPR8/EDGE Performance Comparison {}
Effect of LQC
Procedures
The resulting ideal
throughput will lay
on the envelope of
the different lines
depending on the
actual C/I value
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EGPR8 data rates EGPR8 data rates EGPR8 data rates EGPR8 data rates EGPR8 data rates EGPR8 data rates EGPR8 data rates EGPR8 data rates
In theory:
Maximum net RLC/MAC data rate: 473.6 kbps
Maximum application data rate: 454.4 kbps
In practice:
4 TS in downlink MCS-6 @ TU3 ideal FH, C/I = 17 dB
Expected application throughput per user:
100 kbps
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EGPR8 EGPR8 EGPR8 EGPR8 EGPR8 EGPR8 EGPR8 EGPR8 - -- - - -- - GPR8 performance comparison {} GPR8 performance comparison {} GPR8 performance comparison {} GPR8 performance comparison {} GPR8 performance comparison {} GPR8 performance comparison {} GPR8 performance comparison {} GPR8 performance comparison {}
100 kbps
75.5 kbps
66.5 kbps
40 kbps
Expected application
throughput/user
14.5 dB MCS-5
EGPRS
17 dB MCS-6
21 dB no FH CS-4
13 dB CS-2
GPRS
MS 4+1
Required C/I
c
@ GSM
900 TU3 ideal FH
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EGPR8 EGPR8 EGPR8 EGPR8 EGPR8 EGPR8 EGPR8 EGPR8 - -- - - -- - GPR8 performance comparison {} GPR8 performance comparison {} GPR8 performance comparison {} GPR8 performance comparison {} GPR8 performance comparison {} GPR8 performance comparison {} GPR8 performance comparison {} GPR8 performance comparison {}
Notes Delay
EDGE
GPRS
Link Adaptation and Incremental Redundancy both
used on the radio interface, 4+1 terminal. The reported
values are referring to test-plant environment.
~400ms
(ping=32B)
~800ms
(ping=1200B)
CS-2 usage on the radio interface, 4+1 terminal, no
NACC feature: the reported values are referring to
test-plant environment.
On real networks, values are supposed to range from
600ms (32B) up to 2000ms (1200B)
~400 ms
(ping=32B)
~1200ms
(ping=1200B)
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EDGE Planning ssues EDGE Planning ssues EDGE Planning ssues EDGE Planning ssues EDGE Planning ssues EDGE Planning ssues EDGE Planning ssues EDGE Planning ssues
EGPRS requires:
new terminals
HW/SW upgrade on BSS (EDGE Transceiver Unit, A-bis interface
dimensioning, BSC/PCU HW/SW upgrade) depending on the Vendor
implementation
Gn
Other
PLMNs
VLR
Gb
Gi
Gr
A-bis
Gs
Gp
Gd
BTS
BSC
MSC
SMS-C HLR
External
data
network
SGSN GGSN
GGSN
PCU
Um
EDGE
TRU

From GPRS to E-GPRS :
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EDGE Coverage ssues EDGE Coverage ssues EDGE Coverage ssues EDGE Coverage ssues EDGE Coverage ssues EDGE Coverage ssues EDGE Coverage ssues EDGE Coverage ssues
Combining LA and IR
it is possible to
provide EDGE service
in a wider area, with a
lower perceived
throughput by users
and acceptable delay
EDGE coverage area
might reach GSM one!
Which is the real EDGE coverage?
Real means evaluating the effects of RLC/MAC LQC
procedures on the user perceived throughput / quality
EDGE + G8M
G8M
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GSM radio interface
GSM radio planning
GPRS system
GPRS coding schemes
GPRS security
EDGE coding schemes
EDGE: LQC, LA & IR
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EGPR8 Link Ouality Control {} EGPR8 Link Ouality Control {} EGPR8 Link Ouality Control {} EGPR8 Link Ouality Control {} EGPR8 Link Ouality Control {} EGPR8 Link Ouality Control {} EGPR8 Link Ouality Control {} EGPR8 Link Ouality Control {}
MEAN_BEP = average of MEAN_BEP
block
CV_BEP = average of CV_BEP
block
=
=
4
1
4
1
_
i
i burst block
BEP BEP MEAN

=
= =
|
.
|
\
|

=
4
1
2
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
3
1
_
i
i burst
k i
i burst k burst
block
BEP
BEP BEP
BEP CV
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EGPR8 Link Ouality Control {} EGPR8 Link Ouality Control {} EGPR8 Link Ouality Control {} EGPR8 Link Ouality Control {} EGPR8 Link Ouality Control {} EGPR8 Link Ouality Control {} EGPR8 Link Ouality Control {} EGPR8 Link Ouality Control {}

8 PSK MEAN_BEP
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9
1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9
2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9
3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9
4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9
6 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9
8
P
S
K
C
V
_
B
E
P
7 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9

8-PSK MCS selection example based on link quality reports
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Type ARO: Link Adaptation Type ARO: Link Adaptation Type ARO: Link Adaptation Type ARO: Link Adaptation Type ARO: Link Adaptation Type ARO: Link Adaptation Type ARO: Link Adaptation Type ARO: Link Adaptation
Scheme used
for initial
transmission

Scheme to use for retransmissions after switching to a different MCS

MCS-9
Comm.
MCS-8
Comm.
MCS-7
Comm.
MCS6-9
Comm.
MCS-6
Comm.
MCS5-7
Comm.
MCS-5
Comm.
MCS-4
Comm.
MCS-3
Comm.
MCS-2
Comm.
MCS-1
Comm.
MCS-9 MCS-9 MCS-6 MCS-6 MCS-6 MCS-6 MCS-3 MCS-3 MCS-3 MCS-3 MCS-3 MCS-3
MCS-8 MCS-8 MCS-8
MCS-6
(pad)
MCS-6
(pad)
MCS-6
(pad)
MCS-3
(pad)
MCS-3
(pad)
MCS-3
(pad)
MCS-3
(pad)
MCS-3
pad)
MCS-3
(pad)

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Type hybrid ARO: ncremental Redundancy Type hybrid ARO: ncremental Redundancy Type hybrid ARO: ncremental Redundancy Type hybrid ARO: ncremental Redundancy Type hybrid ARO: ncremental Redundancy Type hybrid ARO: ncremental Redundancy Type hybrid ARO: ncremental Redundancy Type hybrid ARO: ncremental Redundancy
Scheme used
for initial
transmission

Scheme to use for retransmissions after switching to a different MCS

MCS-9
Comm.
MCS-8
Comm.
MCS-7
Comm.
MCS6-9
Comm.
MCS-6
Comm.
MCS5-7
Comm.
MCS-5
Comm.
MCS-4
Comm.
MCS-3
Comm.
MCS-2
Comm.
MCS-1
Comm.
MCS-8 MCS-8 MCS-8
MCS-6
(pad)
MCS-6
(pad)
MCS-6
(pad)
MCS-6
(pad)
MCS-6
(pad)
MCS-6
(pad)
MCS-6
(pad)
MCS-6
pad)
MCS-6
(pad)

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ARO ARO ARO ARO ARO ARO ARO ARO
RLC data block retransmission takes place with an MCS within the
same Family of the MCS used for the 1
st
transmission (excluding
the ones requiring more payload units inside the RLC data block).
LA: segmentation is allowed.
IR: segmentation is not allowed; soft combining is performed.
LA tries to minimise the retransmissions.
IR tries to maximise the payload transmission.
Type II hybrid ARQ IR mode and MCS Type II hybrid ARQ IR mode and MCS- -5 5- -7, MCS 7, MCS- -6 6- -9 joint decoding 9 joint decoding
are mandatory on the EGPRS MS side. are mandatory on the EGPRS MS side.

EGPRS supports
both LA mode and combined LA & IR mode
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Link Adaptation mpact on Planning Link Adaptation mpact on Planning Link Adaptation mpact on Planning Link Adaptation mpact on Planning Link Adaptation mpact on Planning Link Adaptation mpact on Planning Link Adaptation mpact on Planning Link Adaptation mpact on Planning
EDGE LA algorithm allows re-segmentation (no possible in
GPRS), so packets once sent with little error protection can
be retransmitted with more error protection, if required by the
new radio environment
LLC frame LLC frame 1 1 ... ...
MCS6 coded MCS6 coded
A) A) B) B)
P
a
c
k
e
t
D
L
A
C
K
/N
A
C
K
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
P
a
c
k
e
t
D
L
A
C
K
/N
A
C
K
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
B
it
m
a
p
:
B
it
m
a
p
:
-
P
a
c
k
e
t
2
a
n
d
3
o
n
c
e
m
o
r
e
!
-
P
a
c
k
e
t
2
a
n
d
3
o
n
c
e
m
o
r
e
! C) C)
2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
2 2
5 5
6 6
3 3
M
C
S
3
New and re-
transmitted
packets are
using MCS3
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ncremental Redundancy mpact on Planning {}
n bits
Puncturing
n bits n bits n bits
Code Rate = 1
1
st
transmission
Code Rate =
2
nd
transmission
Code Rate = 1/3
3
rd
transmission
1/3 convolutional code
Three puncturing
schemes are defined not
to have common bits
MCS-9 coding
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ncremental Redundancy mpact on Planning {}
0.26*
0.33
0.42
0.5
0.19*
0.24*
0.38
0.46
0.5
P1+P2
0.53
0.66
0.85
1.0
0.37
0.49
0.76
0.92
1.0
P1
-
-
0.28*
0.33
-
-
0.25*
0.31*
0.33
P1+P2+P3
59.2 MCS-9
8.8
11.2
14.8
17.6
22.4
29.6
44.8
54.4
Nominal Bit
Rate (Kb/s)
MCS-1
MCS-2
MCS-3
MCS-4
MCS-5
MCS-6
MCS-7
MCS-8
Coding
Scheme
With IR, MCS-9 after
3 retransmissions
has similar
performances as
MCS-5
The (*) indicates that some repetition is made. Since the same mother code is used always, and it is a
rate 1/3 code, repetition of the same puncturing set is necessary when the code rate goes below 1/3
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GSM radio interface
GSM radio planning
GPRS system
GPRS coding schemes
GPRS security
EDGE coding schemes
EDGE: LQC, LA & IR
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Normal Burst Masks {GM8K & 8 Normal Burst Masks {GM8K & 8 Normal Burst Masks {GM8K & 8 Normal Burst Masks {GM8K & 8- -- -P8K} P8K} P8K} P8K}

10 8 10 10 8 10
t ( s )
dB
-30
(*)
-6
+2,4
+4
-20
-2
(***)
(**)
2 2 2 2
7056/13 (542,8) s

(147 symbols)
0
+1
-1 8-PSK mask
GMSK mask
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EGPR8 8 EGPR8 8 EGPR8 8 EGPR8 8- -- -P8K Modulation: P8K Modulation: P8K Modulation: P8K Modulation: - -- -O Diagram O Diagram O Diagram O Diagram
I
Q
Symbol rotation: 3 /8
(1,1,1)
(1,1,0)
(1,0,0)
(1,0,1)
(0,0,1)
(0,0,0)
(0,1,0)
(0,1,1)
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Output Power Comparison Output Power Comparison Output Power Comparison Output Power Comparison Output Power Comparison Output Power Comparison Output Power Comparison Output Power Comparison
42.5
44.5
46.0
48.0
44.0
47.0
900 MHz
42.5 42.5 42.5 8-PSK (avg)
44.5 44.5 44.5 GMSK
Nokia
45.0 45.0 46.0 8-PSK (avg)
48.0 48.0 48.0 GMSK
Siemens
43.0 43.0 44.0 8-PSK (avg)
46.0 46.0 47.0 GMSK
Ericsson
1900 MHz 1800 MHz 800 MHz Modulation Provider
Output power levels at antenna connector (expressed in dBm) referred to
a typical TRX for macro-site model, using combiner by-pass configuration
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ERC88ON 2X02 BT8 Upgrades ERC88ON 2X02 BT8 Upgrades ERC88ON 2X02 BT8 Upgrades ERC88ON 2X02 BT8 Upgrades ERC88ON 2X02 BT8 Upgrades ERC88ON 2X02 BT8 Upgrades ERC88ON 2X02 BT8 Upgrades ERC88ON 2X02 BT8 Upgrades
Indoor RBS 2202 needs:
sTRU (new TRU with
EDGE support)
DXU-21
The same is applicable on
outdoor RBS 2102
Micro-cell RBS 2302 and
Pico-cell RBS 2401 do not
support EDGE
DXU-21
sTRU EDGE
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ERC88ON 2X06 BT8 Architecture ERC88ON 2X06 BT8 Architecture ERC88ON 2X06 BT8 Architecture ERC88ON 2X06 BT8 Architecture ERC88ON 2X06 BT8 Architecture ERC88ON 2X06 BT8 Architecture ERC88ON 2X06 BT8 Architecture ERC88ON 2X06 BT8 Architecture
dTRUe EDGE
DXU-21 is built-in
Indoor RBS 2206 needs:
dTRUe (new TRU with
EDGE support)
The same is applicable on
outdoor RBS 2106
New Micro-cell RBS 2308
will support EDGE (up to 4
TRX in a single cabinet)
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EDGE CU EDGE CU EDGE CU EDGE CU EDGE CU EDGE CU EDGE CU EDGE CU vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs 8tandard CU 8tandard CU 8tandard CU 8tandard CU 8tandard CU 8tandard CU 8tandard CU 8tandard CU
The design approach of ECU was to support the EDGE
capability by minimizing the changes to the CU HW.
The following major changes to the CU HW were made
to support the EDGE functionality:
New Power Amplifier with better linearity and
approximately 3 dB higher peak power capability
New power leveling concept including a digital power
control loop
Adaptive Pre-distortion to linearize the transmitter
New module Pre-distortion receiver (PDRX)
New Power Supply Unit (EPSU) with higher power
capability
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8EMEN8 BT8 B8 8EMEN8 BT8 B8 8EMEN8 BT8 B8 8EMEN8 BT8 B8 8EMEN8 BT8 B8 8EMEN8 BT8 B8 8EMEN8 BT8 B8 8EMEN8 BT8 B8- -- - - -- -240/1 and B8 240/1 and B8 240/1 and B8 240/1 and B8 240/1 and B8 240/1 and B8 240/1 and B8 240/1 and B8- -- - - -- -240/1 240/1 240/1 240/1 240/1 240/1 240/1 240/1
Indoor/ Outdoor installations
Max 8 CU per cabinet
Max 3 cabinets (i.e. 24 TRX)
BS-240/1 II is the evolution of BS-240/1
some modifications have been introduced in the
mechanical (rack weight and battery housing) which
represents the latest state of technology.
The RF performance of the BTS is not affected by the
modifications
Availability: BR 7.0, Q1 2004
air inlet air inlet
air inlet air inlet
air inlet air inlet
CU CU CU CU
CU CU CU CU
CB ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON FP
BS-241
A
C
O
M
A
C
O
M
A
C
O
M
A
C
O
M
D
I
A
M
C
O
D
I
A
M
C
O
s
Plinth
1
,
7
5

m
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8EMEN8 BT8 B8 8EMEN8 BT8 B8 8EMEN8 BT8 B8 8EMEN8 BT8 B8 8EMEN8 BT8 B8 8EMEN8 BT8 B8 8EMEN8 BT8 B8 8EMEN8 BT8 B8- -- - - -- -240XL and B8 240XL and B8 240XL and B8 240XL and B8 240XL and B8 240XL and B8 240XL and B8 240XL and B8- -- - - -- -240XL 240XL 240XL 240XL 240XL 240XL 240XL 240XL
2
0
2
5

m
m
air inlet air inlet
CU CU CU CU
D
I
A
M
C
O
D
I
A
M
C
O
air inlet air inlet
CU CU CU CU
air inlet air inlet
CB FP
BS-240XL
A
C
O
M
A
C
O
M
A
C
O
M
A
C
O
M
ON
ON ON
ON ON ON
ON ON ON
ON ON
ON
air inlet air inlet
CU CU CU CU
D
I
A
M
C
O
D
I
A
M
C
O
Indoor installations
Max 12 CU per cabinet
Max 2 cabinets (i.e. 24 TRX) + service
rack (battery and link equipments) if
needed
BS-240XL II is the evolution of BS-240XL
some modifications have been introduced in the
mechanical (RF cabling and battery housing) which
represents the latest state of technology.
The RF performance of the BTS is not affected by the
modifications
Availability: BR 7.0, Q1 2004
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NOKA Ultra8ite Layout NOKA Ultra8ite Layout NOKA Ultra8ite Layout NOKA Ultra8ite Layout NOKA Ultra8ite Layout NOKA Ultra8ite Layout NOKA Ultra8ite Layout NOKA Ultra8ite Layout
Indoor / Outdoor installations
Max 12 TRX per cabinet
Notes:
BB board
External duplexer
Filter or hybrid combiner
Tri-mode BTS
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NOKA Ultra8ite TRX NOKA Ultra8ite TRX NOKA Ultra8ite TRX NOKA Ultra8ite TRX NOKA Ultra8ite TRX NOKA Ultra8ite TRX NOKA Ultra8ite TRX NOKA Ultra8ite TRX
Nokia Transceiver Unit is made by two separate boards:
Transceiver RF Unit: the TRX RF TRX RF unit performs RF modulation/demodulation
and amplification for one RF carrier to handle uplink and downlink signals
between MS and BTS. The TRX RF unit contains:
one transmitter
one main receiver
one diversity receiver (MRC technique)
Transceiver Baseband Unit: the TRX BB2 TRX BB2 is a digital signal processing
board, consisting of two independent baseband modules. Each module
functions independently for its own GSM/EDGE TRX RF unit.
One of the Transceiver Baseband units also controls frequency hopping.
The BTS can be upgraded to GSM/EDGE by adding
the EDGE capable BB2 and TRX plug-in units
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NOKA NOKA NOKA NOKA NOKA NOKA NOKA NOKA Metro8ite Metro8ite Metro8ite Metro8ite Metro8ite Metro8ite Metro8ite Metro8ite Layout Layout Layout Layout Layout Layout Layout Layout
Indoor / Outdoor installations
Max 4 TRX per cabinet
The introduction of EDGE
requires EDGE capable TRXs.
EDGE also requires:
Software CXM 3.3 (for 800 and
1900 MHz frequency bands)
Software CXM3.3-1 (for 900 and
1800 MHz frequency bands)
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ERC88ON Dynamic A ERC88ON Dynamic A ERC88ON Dynamic A ERC88ON Dynamic A ERC88ON Dynamic A ERC88ON Dynamic A ERC88ON Dynamic A ERC88ON Dynamic A- -- - - -- -bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {}
In BSS R11 the Flexible A Flexible A- -bis bis solution is introduced: this
is achieved by having pools of 16 kbit/s and 64 kbit/s paths,
and by allocating an A-bis path to a TCH at the allocation /
activation of the TCH
An EGPRS capable
PDCH (E-PDCH) or a
GPRS CS 1-4 capable
PDCH (G-PDCH) require
a 64 kbps path, whereas
other channel types
require 16 kbps paths
68
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ERC88ON Dynamic A ERC88ON Dynamic A ERC88ON Dynamic A ERC88ON Dynamic A ERC88ON Dynamic A ERC88ON Dynamic A ERC88ON Dynamic A ERC88ON Dynamic A- -- - - -- -bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {}
The pooling of A-bis resources per TG means that for a three
sector site three cells use the same A-bis pools (trunking
gain)
The total number of A-bis paths, dedicated and in the pools,
should be equal to the number of traffic channels in the TG:
this means that at least a 16 Kb/s channel on the A-bis is
always available for each radio TS (no blocking on A-bis)
Ericsson states that it is recommendable to define dedicated
64 Kb/s link on A-bis for each dedicated radio E-PDCH TS
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8EMEN8 Dynamic A 8EMEN8 Dynamic A 8EMEN8 Dynamic A 8EMEN8 Dynamic A 8EMEN8 Dynamic A 8EMEN8 Dynamic A 8EMEN8 Dynamic A 8EMEN8 Dynamic A- -- - - -- -bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {}
Previous Situation
Only Static A-bis Allocation available
The radio TS is associated to an A-bis sub-slot in a fixed way with one to
one mapping
The A-bis sub-slots are configured by O&M procedures and stored into
BSC database
New Features
The association of radio timeslot and A-bis sub-slots is performed
dynamically at channel activation. No fixed association in the database
Allocation of a fixed A-bis Pool to a BTSM in the BSC, which is shared by
all installed TRX
Change of TS A-bis capacity depending on Link Adaptation (timeout is
applied)
The A-bis Allocation of a multiplexed PDCH is determined by the TBF with
the maximum CS/MCS
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The dynamic A-bis allocation strategy is based on A-bis pools and
sub-pools:
A-bis pool: amount of 16 Kb/s sub-slots defined on per site basis.
One A-bis pool is composed by several A-bis sub-pools.
A-bis sub-pool: each sub-pool belongs to a single PCM link, with
one associated LAP-D link to manage a correct fault propagation
from the LAPD link to the A-bis resources
16 Kb/s sub-slots allocated to a radio channel may belong to
different sub-pools and consequently to different PCM lines (up to
four).
The fail of PCM lines affects only A-bis resources, while radio
channels may continue to be assigned to new incoming calls, as
long as there is some available 16kbit/s A-bis resource on the
residual PCM lines.
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59.2
54.4
44.8
29.6
22.4
17.6
14.8
11.2
8.8
21.4
15.6
13.4
9.05
Nominal Bit Rate (Kb/s) Nominal Bit Rate (Kb/s)
5 MCS-9
5 MCS-8
4 MCS-7
3 MCS-6
2 MCS-5
2 MCS-4
2 MCS-3
2 MCS-2
1 MCS-1
2 CS-4
2 CS-3
2 CS-2
1 CS-1
Number of 16kbit/s Number of 16kbit/s
sub sub- -slots slots
Coding Scheme Coding Scheme
70
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8EMEN8 Dynamic A 8EMEN8 Dynamic A 8EMEN8 Dynamic A 8EMEN8 Dynamic A 8EMEN8 Dynamic A 8EMEN8 Dynamic A 8EMEN8 Dynamic A 8EMEN8 Dynamic A- -- - - -- -bis 8olution {V} bis 8olution {V} bis 8olution {V} bis 8olution {V} bis 8olution {V} bis 8olution {V} bis 8olution {V} bis 8olution {V}
SFC-00000 SFC-00001 SFC-00010 SFC-00011 SFC-00100
168 data bits
70 bits of filling pattern
152 and 118 data bits 202 data bits 272 data bits 272 data bits
E bit and TI bit E bit and TI bit header
46 bits
MCS-9 usage example
SFC: sub-frame counter
The payload of the basic frame, has length of 216 bits, including
46 bits by RLC/MAC header (5.75 bytes UL), extension bit (E),
temporary logical link identifier indicator (TI), and 168 data bits
The other (additional) frames contain a payload by 272 bits each
The (pale) yellow color indicates the overhead applied and the
trailers that are used for reassembling purposes
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NOKA Dynamic A NOKA Dynamic A NOKA Dynamic A NOKA Dynamic A NOKA Dynamic A NOKA Dynamic A NOKA Dynamic A NOKA Dynamic A- -- - - -- -bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {}
When a radio connection
requests more transport
capacity, dynamic pool
may be used: dynamically
linked to the fixed
resources (one 16 Kb/s
sub-slot per TCH on the
radio interface master),
there are 16 Kb/s resource
(slaves) that can be
allocated to manage
EGPRS coding schemes
from MCS-2 to MCS-9
71
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NOKA Dynamic A NOKA Dynamic A NOKA Dynamic A NOKA Dynamic A NOKA Dynamic A NOKA Dynamic A NOKA Dynamic A NOKA Dynamic A- -- - - -- -bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {} bis 8olution {}
59.2
54.4
44.8
29.6
22.4
17.6
14.8
11.2
8.8
21.4
15.6
13.4
9.05
Nominal Bit Rate (Kb/s) Nominal Bit Rate (Kb/s)
5 MCS-9
5 MCS-8
4 MCS-7
3 MCS-6
2 MCS-5
2 MCS-4
2 MCS-3
2 MCS-2
1 MCS-1
NA (S 11.5) CS-4
NA (S 11.5) CS-3
2 CS-2
1 CS-1
Number of 16kbit/s Number of 16kbit/s
sub sub- -slots slots
Coding Scheme Coding Scheme
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GSM radio interface
GSM radio planning
GPRS system
GPRS coding schemes
GPRS security
EDGE coding schemes
EDGE: LQC, LA & IR
72
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Class A: Class A: the MS is allowed to make and/or receive calls on both the MS is allowed to make and/or receive calls on both
circuit and packet switched services simultaneously circuit and packet switched services simultaneously
Class B: Class B: the MS can make and/or receive calls on either of the two the MS can make and/or receive calls on either of the two
services sequentially but not simultaneously services sequentially but not simultaneously
Class C: Class C: the MS can make and/or receive calls on either of the two the MS can make and/or receive calls on either of the two
manually selected services manually selected services
Types of terminals Types of terminals Types of terminals Types of terminals Types of terminals Types of terminals Types of terminals Types of terminals
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Multislot
class
Maximum number of slots Minimum number of slots Type
Rx Tx Sum Tta Ttb Tra Trb
1 1 1 2 3 2 4 2 1
2 2 1 3 3 2 3 1 1
3 2 2 3 3 2 3 1 1
4 3 1 4 3 1 3 1 1
5 2 2 4 3 1 3 1 1
6 3 2 4 3 1 3 1 1
7 3 3 4 3 1 3 1 1
8 4 1 5 3 1 2 1 1
9 3 2 5 3 1 2 1 1
10 4 2 5 3 1 2 1 1
11 4 3 5 3 1 2 1 1
12 4 4 5 2 1 2 1 1
13 3 3 NA NA a) 3 a) 2
14 4 4 NA NA a) 3 a) 2
15 5 5 NA NA a) 3 a) 2
16 6 6 NA NA a) 2 a) 2
17 7 7 NA NA a) 1 0 2
18 8 8 NA NA 0 0 0 2
19 6 2 NA 3 b) 2 c) 1
20 6 3 NA 3 b) 2 c) 1
21 6 4 NA 3 b) 2 c) 1
22 6 4 NA 2 b) 2 c) 1
23 6 6 NA 2 b) 2 c) 1
24 8 2 NA 3 b) 2 c) 1
25 8 3 NA 3 b) 2 c) 1
26 8 4 NA 3 b) 2 c) 1
27 8 4 NA 2 b) 2 c) 1
28 8 6 NA 2 b) 2 c) 1
29 8 8 NA 2 b) 2 c) 1
M8 classes for multi M8 classes for multi M8 classes for multi M8 classes for multi M8 classes for multi M8 classes for multi M8 classes for multi M8 classes for multi- -- - - -- -slot capabilities slot capabilities slot capabilities slot capabilities slot capabilities slot capabilities slot capabilities slot capabilities
73
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Dual Transfer Mode Dual Transfer Mode Dual Transfer Mode Dual Transfer Mode Dual Transfer Mode Dual Transfer Mode Dual Transfer Mode Dual Transfer Mode
DTM (Dual Transfer Mode) is a technique to provide a
simultaneous PS and CS connection to the user.
An on-going packet transfer will not be interrupted for an user
that receives a simultaneous CS call.
Possible only
HF
Possible
onl y HF 4+1=5
Cl ass 8
Possible onl y HF
Cl ass 1
1+1=2
Cl ass 2
2+1=3
Class
Rx+Tx=Sum
Cl ass 3
2+2=3
Cl ass 4
3+1=4
Class 5
2+2=4
Class 6
3+2=4
Class 7
3+3=4
Class 9
3+2=5
Class 10
4+2=5
Class 11
4+3=5
CS connection
PS connection
UL
DL
Possible
only HF
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EDGE terminals implementation issues {} EDGE terminals implementation issues {} EDGE terminals implementation issues {} EDGE terminals implementation issues {} EDGE terminals implementation issues {} EDGE terminals implementation issues {} EDGE terminals implementation issues {} EDGE terminals implementation issues {}
The modem represents the main challenge with
respect to GPRS, on both RF and DSP level
IR requires additional memory for storing soft-
information
MMI (Man-Machine Interface) requirements are
more demanding in terms of graphics, audio,
MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service)
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RF modem aspects:
GMSK:
1 bit/symbol constant amplitude
8-PSK:
3 bits/symbol amplitude variations
In order to overcome AM/AM and PM/AM distorsions
introduced by using current power amplifiers with 8-PSK,
pre-distortion techniques may be exploited
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DSP modem aspects:
GMSK:
1 bit/symbol 16-state Viterbi decoder
8-PSK:
3 bits/symbol 4096-state Viterbi
decoder (not feasible)
In order to reduce the amount of processing introduced by using
current Viterbi decoders with 8-PSK, more efficient algorithms are
needed. Nevertheless, it is evaluated that 400 MIPS are required for
EDGE terminals compared to 100 MIPS of current GPRS terminals.
75
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EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {}
Nokia stated that by the end of 2004 all the new Nokia mobile phones
will include EDGE technology: such a statement represents a
challenge for the other major terminals Manufacturers, who are going

EDGE in new Nokia GPRS Terminals
2002 2003 2004
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
2002 2003
100%
2004
75%
50%
Source: Nokia 2002
EDGE in new Nokia GPRS Terminals
2002 2003 2004
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
2002 2003
100%
2004
75%
50%
Source: Nokia 2002
to introduce EDGE inside
new models of their phones,
producing in such a way a
positive reaction for
guaranteeing a real mass
market delivery of EDGE
terminals within 2004 and
consequent economies of
scale.
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Motorola states that by the end of 2005 most of the products will be EDGE
capable (around 200 ), around 80%. Only very low tier, will be dual band
GPRS only. Starting from 2006, also very low level products will be EDGE: the
difference will be the multislot class (6-8-10).
Q1 Q2 Q4 Q3 Q1 Q2 Q4 Q3 Q1 Q2 Q4 Q3
EDGE Class 4
EDGE Class 6
EDGE Class 10
EDGE Class 12
2004 2005 2006
2006 Low Tier products
H1 2005 Mass Market & Mid Tier products
H2 2005 products (High
Tier, Mid Tier, Mass
Market)
First product
High Tier product
2004 Mid Tier products
Q1 Q2 Q4 Q3 Q1 Q2 Q4 Q3 Q1 Q2 Q4 Q3
EDGE Class 4
EDGE Class 6
EDGE Class 10
EDGE Class 12
2004 2005 2006
Market)
First product
High Tier product
Q1 Q2 Q4 Q3 Q1 Q2 Q4 Q3 Q1 Q2 Q4 Q3
EDGE Class 4
EDGE Class 6
EDGE Class 10
EDGE Class 12
2004 2005 2006
Market)
First product
High Tier product
Q1 Q2 Q4 Q3 Q1 Q2 Q4 Q3 Q1 Q2 Q4 Q3
EDGE Class 4
EDGE Class 6
EDGE Class 10
EDGE Class 12
2004 2005 2006
Market)
First product
High Tier product
2004 Mid Tier products
Source: Motorola
76
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XHTML WAP support, MIDP Java, Optional Nokia Camera Headset,
128 x 128 resolution, 4096 12-bit colour display
106 x 45 x 19 mm
80 g
Features:
Measures:
Weight:
GPRS: up to 40.2 kbps, EDGE: up to 118.4 kbps Network Features:
GSM 850/1800/1900 (Nokia 6220: EGSM 900, GSM 1800/1900) Frequency bands:
Q1 2003 Availability:
Nokia 6200
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EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {V} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {V} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {V} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {V} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {V} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {V} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {V} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {V}
XHTML browser, integrated camera,
128 x 128 resolution, 4096 colours, CSTN
107,5 x 45,1 x 20,8 mm
90 g
Features:
Measures:
Weight:
GPRS Class 10 (4+1, 3+2), EDGE: up to 118.4 kbps Network Features:
EGSM 900, GSM 1800/1900 Frequency bands:
Nokia 3200
77
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J2ME, WAP 2.0, integrated VGA camera, Bluetooth,
128 x 128 resolution, 65536 colours, TFT, 32 MB MMC (Multimedia Card)
103 x 44 x 20 mm
97 g
Features:
Measures:
Weight:
GPRS Class 10 (4+1, 3+2), EDGE Class 10 (4+1, 3+2),
up to 236.8 kbps
Network Features:
Nokia 6230
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WAP 2.0, integrated VGA camera, MPEG-4 H.263 video player,
128 x 128 resolution, 65536 colours, TFT
86 x 50 x 26 mm
115 g
Features:
Measures:
Weight:
GPRS Class 10 (4+1, 3+2), EDGE up to 177.6 kbps Network Features:
EGSM 900, GSM 1800 Frequency bands:
Nokia 7200
78
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J2ME, WAP 2.0, integrated digital camera, Bluetooth,
107 x 47 x 20 mm
100 g
Features:
Measures:
Weight:
GPRS (3 + 1), EDGE up to 177.6 kbps Network Features:
Nokia 6820
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J2ME, WAP 2.0, optional VGA camera, Bluetooth,
119 x 55 x 23 mm
122 g
Features:
Measures:
Weight:
GPRS (3 + 1), EDGE up to 177.6 kbps Network Features:
Nokia 6810
79
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EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {X} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {X} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {X} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {X} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {X} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {X} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {X} EDGE {EGPR8} terminals {X}
J2ME, WAP 2.0, integrated VGA camera, MPEG-4 H.263 video player,
Bluetooth, 640 x 320 resolution, 65536 colours, TFT, 64 MB expandable
MMC (Multimedia Card)
133.7 x 79.5 x 21.6 mm
183 g
Features:
Measures:
Weight:
GPRS Class 10 (4+1, 3+2), EDGE Class 4 (3+1) up to 177.6 kbps Network Features:
GSM 900/1800/1900 Frequency bands:
Nokia 7700
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XHTML browser, WAP 2.0, J2ME, integrated VGA camera, Push To Talk,
106.5 x 46.8 x 23.8 mm
100.8 g
Features:
Measures:
Weight:
GPRS Class 10 (4+1, 3+2), EDGE Class 6 (3+1, 2+2) up to 177.6 kbps Network Features:
Nokia 5140
80
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J2ME, MMS, POP3 Email, WAP browser with GPRS, SMS, EMS,
dual LCD display, internal 120 X 160 pixels, 4096 colours,
CSTN display screen and external 96 X 32 pixels LCD display screen.
90 X 47.5 X 23 mm
101 g
Features:
Measures:
Weight:
GPRS (4 + 1), EDGE (3 + 1), Starfish Truesync software, Optional Camera Network Features:
Expected: H1 2004 Availability:
Motorola T725e
This device has not been authorized as required by the rules of the Federal Communications Commission.
This device is not, and may not be, offered for sale or lease, or sold or leased, until authorization is obtained.
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32 MB Flash Memory, 10 MB free for user, MIDP 2.0 Java, MMS, SMS,
EMS, Email, WAP 2.0, MPEG-4 H.263 video player, VGA video camera, 2
displays (132 x 176 pixels, 64k colours, TFT / 96 x 64 pixels, 4k colours,
CSTN)
94,2 X 48 X 22,7 mm
95 g
Features:
Measures:
Weight:
GPRS Class 10 (4 + 1, 3 + 2), EDGE Class 10 (4 + 1, 3 + 2) Network Features:
GSM 850/900/1800/1900 Frequency bands:
2004 Availability:
Siemens EDGY (internal product name)
CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL
81
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EDGE {EGPR8} cards {} EDGE {EGPR8} cards {} EDGE {EGPR8} cards {} EDGE {EGPR8} cards {} EDGE {EGPR8} cards {} EDGE {EGPR8} cards {} EDGE {EGPR8} cards {} EDGE {EGPR8} cards {}
Windows 2K, Windows XP PRO, Win 98, Win Me, and Win XP
IBM, Dell, HP, Gateway, Sony, Toshiba, and Winbook
38 g
Supported OS:
Supported HW:
Weight:
EDGE (4 + 1) Network Features:
GSM 850/1900 Frequency bands:
Sony Ericsson GC82 PCMCIA
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EDGE {EGPR8} cards {} EDGE {EGPR8} cards {} EDGE {EGPR8} cards {} EDGE {EGPR8} cards {} EDGE {EGPR8} cards {} EDGE {EGPR8} cards {} EDGE {EGPR8} cards {} EDGE {EGPR8} cards {}
M2M System Mode (Nokia M2M Platform functionality),
User Control Mode, AT Command Mode
36 x 45 x 9 mm
15 g
Operation Modes:
Measures:
Weight:
GPRS Class 6 (3+1, 2+2), EDGE Class 2 (2+1) Network Features:
1. EGSM 900, GSM 1800 / 2. GSM 850/1900 Frequency bands:
1. Q4 2003 / 2. Q3 2004 Availability:
Nokia N 12 GSM Module
82
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For any question:
Emanuele Procaccioli
Telecom Italia Lab
Innovation Delivery /
International Customers
+39 011 228 5043
+39 335 5831438
emanuele.procaccioli@telecomitalia.it

2' & 3' Day - Radio Interface

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