The Respiratory System By Group 4

-Thousands of tiny air sacs called

Parts of the Respiratory System Nose/Mouth -Before the air enters the body, the nose filters it to remove dirt and warms it up so that its at an appropriate temperature. -Sense of smell. Pharynx - The throat or Pharynx is a muscular tube that carries the air down into the windpipe and also carries food down to the gullet/esophagus. Epiglottis - The Epiglottis is a leaf-shaped piece of cartilage that covers the top of the larynx during swallowing. - It keeps food out of the lungs and voice box. Larynx -Voice Box -The Voice box sits on top of the windpipe. Vocal Chords -At the center of the voice box. -Makes the sounds and vibrates when you talk, sing, cough or hum. -The loudness of the voice depends on the force with which the air rushes across the vocal folds. Trachea -Windpipe -Takes air from the vocal chords to the lungs. -Has ribs of cartilage/gristle to keep it open. Bronchial Tree -The Bronchi or airways take the air to the bottom of the lungs. -They are called Bronchial Tree because they look like the roots of a large tree. Lungs alveoli extend from the end of the smallest airways (bronchioles). -The left and right lung has the same size but the left lung has and indentation to allow room for the heart. Alveoli -Oxygen enters your bloodstream through a process called respiration. The walls of the air sacs are thin allowing oxygen from the inhaled air to pass through where its picked up by passing red blood cells. The oxygenated blood will travel throughout the body, providing vital fuel living cells need. Diaphragm -The main breathing muscle -Expands when the lungs contract, forcing air into the lungs.

THE PATHWAY NOSE/MOUTH = PHARYNX = LARYNX = TRACHEA = BRONCHI = BRONCHIOLES = ALVEOLI Diseases of the Respiratory System Asthma -A respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi, in the lungs causing difficulty in breathing. -Asthma is caused by inflammation in the airways

Treatment: The goals of this treatment are: control airway swelling and stay away from substances that trigger your symptoms. Pneumonia -Germs called bacteria or viruses usually cause Pneumonia. Pneumonia usually starts when you breathe the germs into your lungs. You may be more likely to get the disease after having a cold or the flu. These illnesses make it hard for your lungs to fight infection, so it is easier to get pneumonia. Having a long-term, or chronic, disease like asthma, heart disease, cancer, or diabetes also makes you more likely to get pneumonia. Treatment: Pneumonia treatments depend on the type of pneumonia and the severity of symptoms. Bacterial pneumonias are usually treated with antibiotics, whereas viral pneumonias are treated with rest and plenty of fluids. Fungal pneumonias are usually treated with antifungal medications. Whooping Cough (Pertussis) -Pertussis, or whooping cough, is an upper respiratory infection caused by the Bordetella pertussis or Bordetella parapertussis bacteria. It is a serious disease that can cause permanent disability in infants, and even death. Treatment: If started early enough, antibiotics such as erythromycin can make the symptoms go away more quickly. Unfortunately, most patients are diagnosed too late, when antibiotics aren't very effective. However, the medicines can help reduce the patient's ability to spread the disease to others. Tuberculosis -An infectious disease that is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB primarily affects the lungs, but it can also affect organs in the central nervous system, lymphatic system, and circulatory system among others. The disease was called "consumption" in the past because

of the way it would consume from within anyone who became infected. DID YOU KNOW? - PHLEGM Phlegm is a trap for dirt and microbes continuously swept from the lungs into the throat and swallowed. -Phlegm is Yellowish-green when it is full of dead cells. -We lose half a litre of water a day through breathing. This is the water vapour we see when we breathe onto glass. -A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15 times a minute. -The breathing rate is faster in children and women than in men.