CAC GIAO THC INH TUYN TRN MANG MANET

1.1. Gii thiu mng khng dy

H thng mng trong cc thit b kt ni vi nhau thng qua mi trng khng dy (s dng sng radio)

Mng MANET l mt trong nhng m hnh mng khng dy m trong cc thit b va ng vai tr truyn thng va ng vai tr nh tuyn.

1.2. Phn loi mng khng dy

Theo qui m trin khai mng:

Mng WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) Cn gi Bluetooth Bn knh ph sng khong 10m Mng WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) Bn knh ph sng khong 100m Tc truyn d liu 11Mbps ~ 54Mbps Mng WWAN (Wireless Wide Area Network) Bn knh ph sng khong vi trm km Tc truyn d liu 5Kbps ~ 20Kbps
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1.2. Phn loi mng khng dy

Theo quan h di ng thit b mng

Mng khng dy c nh(Fixed wireless network)

Mng khng dy vi cc im truy cp c nh (Wireless network with fixed access points)

Mng di ng ty bin (MANET - Mobile Ad hoc Network)

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1.3. Mt s m hnh mng khng dy

M hnh mng c lp (Independent Basic Service sets IBSS hay cn gi l mng Ad hoc) (Hnh 1) M hnh mng c s (Basic Service sets BSS) (Hnh 2) M hnh mng m rng (Extended Service sets ESS) (Hnh 3)

Hnh 1

Hnh 2

Hnh 3

1.4. Yu cu thit b s dng trong mng khng dy 1.4. Yu cu thit b s dng trong mng khng dy

im truy cp (AP - Access Point)

Thit b truy cp khng dy

Yu cu thit b s dng trong mng MANET Cc thit b truyn thng c thit b kt ni wifi

1.5.1. Nhng c im chnh mng khng dy

u im

Khng b gii hn v khng gian a l Tit kim c chi ph thit k cc ng truyn C kh nng m rng h thng mng. Nhc im D b tn cng vo h thng thng qua vic d sng Kh qun l v ranh gii mng khng r rng

1.5.2. Mt s cng ngh c bn ng dng mng khng dy

Cng ngh WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) Da vo chun 802.16 vi bn knh ph sng c th t 3 n 10 km. Cung cp cc dch v: Internet tc cao ti cc ni ho lnh xa xi, tng tc truyn d liu cho cc dch v: Game Online, Video Conferecing, VoIP

1.5.2. Mt s cng ngh c bn ng dng mng khng dy

Cng ngh Wireless USB (WUSB)

USB khng dy (WUSB Wireless USB) cho php kt ni cc thit b ngoi vi: my in, a cng

1.5.2. Mt s cng ngh c bn ng dng mng khng dy

Cng ngh Ultra-Wideband (UWB)

c pht trin phc v cho vic truyn thng gia cc thit b trong gia nh. C th truyn d liu vi tc ln ti 252Mbps v trong tng lai, kh nng c th ln ti 480Mbps.

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1.6. Mt s ng dng mng MANET

ng dng trong cng tc tm kim, cu tr

Trng hp thin tai ph hy c s h tng mng, c th thit lp tm thi h thng MANET ng dng trong qun i, hi qun, khng qun Cc my bay qun s c th lin lc trc tip vi nhau ng dng trong cng tc chm sc sc khe C th truyn thng tin n bnh vin v tnh trng ca bnh nhn ang trn ng chuyn n bnh vin.
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1.7. Kt lun chng 1

Tm hiu khi qut v mng khng dy, cc cng ngh ng dng v cc m hnh mng khng dy Phn tch cc u im v khuyt im ni tri ca h thng mng khng dy Cc vn quan tm:

C ch iu khin h thng mng khng dy? Cch thc truyn v nhn tin trn h thng mng khng dy?

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Chng 2 Nghin cu cc giao thc nh tuyn iu khin theo yu cu trn mng MANET 2.1. nh tuyn trong h thng mng my tnh

2.2. Mt s thut ton nh tuyn c bn 2.3. Phn loi cc giao thc nh tuyn trong mng MANET 2.4. Giao thc nh tuyn iu khin theo yu cu trn mng MANET 2.5. So snh v nh gi hiu qu lm vic ca cc giao thc 2.6. Kt lun chng 2

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2.1. nh tuyn trong h thng mng my tnh

nh tuyn l cch thc cc thit b mng s dng tm ng trong vic pht gi tin ti a ch ch. Tin trnh nh tuyn s tm ra cc ng i n ch v lu tr cc ng i trong b nh ca thit b nh tuyn.

C 2 cch thc nh tuyn trong h thng mng nh tuyn ng nh tuyn tnh

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2.2. Mt s thut ton nh tuyn c bn trong mng

Thut ton vector khong cch (Distance Vector) Truyn nh k cc bng sao ca bng nh tuyn gia cc router Da vo thng tin nhn c thut ton s chn ra c con ng ngn nht n ch Thut ton trng thi kt ni (Link State) Truyn gi tin LSA (Link State Advertisment) gia cc b nh tuyn tm ng i n ch Thng tin trong LSA: a ch IP, submark, kiu mng kt ni v cc b nh tuyn kt ni Nh vy, thut ton ny s bit ton b cu trc ca mng
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2.3. Phn loi cc giao thc nh tuyn trn mng MANET

Cc vn khng ph hp ni tri khi s dng cc thut ton nh tuyn c bn vo mng MANET: Tiu tn bng thng v nng lng ngun nui cho cc cp nht nh k Cc ng i d tha c tch ly mt cch khng cn thit V vy cn phi c mt s sa i ph hp cho mng MANET

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2.3. Phn loi cc giao thc nh tuyn trn mng MANET

Ad hoc Routing Protocols Table-Driven Flat DSDV WRP GSR OLSR DREAM START Hierarchical MMWN Hierarchical CBRP On-Demand Flat DSR TORA AODV LAR SSA MSR Hierarchical ZHLS SLURP DST HARP Hybrid Flat ZRP SHARP

CGSR
HSR LANMAR 17

HOLSR

2.4. Giao thc nh tuyn iu khin theo yu cu trn mng MANET nh tuyn theo yu cu (On-Demand Routing) l mt phng php nh tuyn c bn trong mng MANET Theo , vic nh tuyn ch xy ra khi h thng c nhu cu truyn d liu Hot ng nh tuyn s da vo 2 c ch chnh:

To thng tin nh tuyn (Router Discovery) Duy tr thng tin nh tuyn (Route Maintanance) Cc giao thc c bn nh: AODV, TORA, DSR, LAR

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2.4.1. Giao thc DSR (Dynamic Source Routing ) C ch to thng tin nh tuyn

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2.4.1. Giao thc DSR (Dynamic Source Routing ) C ch duy tr thng tin nh tuyn Trng hp node khng truyn c gi tin n node k tip theo ng i khm ph -> gi gi tin li RRER v ngun Ngun nhn gi tin li s xa con ng lin quan lu trong router cache. Nu c nhu cu truyn d liu: Node s s dng ng khc nu tn ti trong router cache

Ngc li, s khi ng tin trnh to thng tin nh tuyn

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2.4.2. Giao thc AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) C ch to thng tin nh tuyn

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2.4.2. Giao thc AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) C ch duy tr thng tin nh tuyn Trng hp node khng truyn c gi tin n node k tip theo ng i khm ph -> gi gi tin li RRER v ngun cng vi vic tng s Sequence Number ln 1 n v. Ngun nhn gi tin li s xa con ng lin quan lu trong router cache. Nu c nhu cu truyn d liu: Node s s dng ng khc nu tn ti trong router cache Ngc li, s khi ng tin trnh to thng tin nh tuyn
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2.5. So snh hot ng ca AODV v DSR

Ging nhau Tin trnh khm ph ng c thc hin bng cch gi qung b v nhn phn hi Thng tin nh tuyn c lu tr ti node trung gian Cc node trung gian u c kh nng hc ng v ch v ngun Khc nhau Mi node trong DSR lun duy tr ton b thng tin ng i v ch v ngun. AODV ch duy tr thng tin node hng xm AODV c kim tra tnh hiu lc ca ng n ch trong trng hp tm thy trong Router cache Trong qu trnh gi gi tin phn hi, AODV c la chn ng i ngn nht

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2.6. Kt lun chng 2

Nghin cu mt s thut ton nh tuyn truyn thng: Distance Vector v Link State

Phn tch cc c im m cc giao thc truyn thng khng h tr trn mng MANET Phn loi cc giao thc nh tuyn trn mng MANET Phn tch giao thc nh tuyn iu khin theo yu cu trn mng MANET v kh nng p dng ca cc giao thc trong tng m hnh mng khc nhau

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Chng 3: M phng v nh gi hiu sut mt s giao thc nh tuyn iu khin theo yu cu trn mng MANET 3.1. Gii thiu mi trng m phng NS 3.2. M phng mng khng dy trong NS

3.3. Thit k m hnh mng m phng cho cc giao thc nh tuyn theo yu cu trn mng MANET

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3.1. Gii thiu mi trng m phng NS

NS (Network Simulation) l phn mm chuyn dng m phng cc giao thc mng. Ngn ng s dng trong NS: C++ v Otcl Kch bn Otcl c th thc hin cc cng vic: Khi to b lp lch s kin Thit lp m hnh mng Thit lp cc traffic Minh ha m phng s c th hin trn NAM (Network Animator) v kt qu m phng c lu tr vo file trace

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3.2. M phng mng khng dy trong NS

Cng c m phng mng wireless trong NS c xy dng bi nhm Monarch ti trng CMU. Cu trc mt node mng di ng Ad Hoc: Tng MAC: c xy dng theo c t IEEE 802.11 M hnh truyn sng v tuyn: tc 2Mb/s v phm vi truyn sng 250m Hng i kiu FIFO: kch thc ti a 64 gi tin, timeout 30s, cc gi tin nh tuyn c u tin cao hn cc gi tin d liu

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3.3. Thit k m hnh mng m phng cho cc giao thc nh tuyn theo yu cu trn mng MANET M hnh Ad Hoc gm 50 node di chuyn ngu nhin trong khu vc bn knh 3800m

Cc gi tin pht theo dch v CBR (Constant Bit Race)

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3.4. Phn tch kt qu m phng Cc tham s phn tch trong kt qu m phng T l gi tin pht thnh cng

Tr trung bnh ca h thng Kh nng p ng trong trng hp cc node di chuyn dn n tp mng thay i Cc trng hp thc hin m phng Tt c cc node trong h thng ng yn: S lng ngun pht khng thay i S lng ngun pht thay i theo thi gian Tt c cc node di ng

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3.4.1. Trng hp cc node ng yn nh gi kh nng s dng li ng i khm ph, chng ti thc hin 2 trng hp m phng:

C nh ngun pht vi 10, 15, 20, 25 v 30 ngun thc hin trong thi gian 10 giy Thay i s lng ngun pht theo thi gian: 10s u tin vi 10 ngun, 10s tip theo vi 15 ngun, 10s tip theo vi 20 ngun, 10s tip theo vi 25 ngun v 10s tip theo vi 30 ngun

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3.4.1. Trng hp cc node ng yn

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3.4.2. Trng hp cc node di chuyn nh gi kh nng p ng ca h thng khi cc node di chuyn ngu nhin, chng ti thc hin m phng trong cc trng hp: Mng c 10 ngun pht di chuyn ngu nhin vi thi gian m phng 50s Mng c 20 ngun pht di chuyn ngu nhin vi thi gian m phng 50s Mng c 30 ngun pht di chuyn ngu nhin vi thi gian m phng 50s

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3.4.2. Trng hp cc node di chuyn

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3.4.2. Trng hp cc node di chuyn

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nh gi hiu nng hot ng ca AODV v DSR DSR cho kt qu tt hn AODV trong hu ht cc trng hp mng c s ngun pht t v mc di chuyn khng cao Tuy nhin, trong trng hp mng di chuyn nhiu, s lng ngun pht tng hiu sut ca DSR gim r rt. Kt qu nh gi trn ch l tng i, cn phi thc hin m phng trn nhng m hnh mng phc tp. Hng pht trin ti: Nghin cu mt s giao thc p dng c hai c ch nh tuyn theo yu cu v theo bng ghi Nghin cu ci tin cc o hiu nng nng cao cht lng truyn thng trn m hnh mng khng dy
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Ti liu tham kho

1. Arun Kumar B. R, Lokanatha C. Reddy, Prakash S. Hiremath (2008), Performance Comparison of Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols, International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.8 No.6. Geetha Jayakumar, Gopinath Ganapathy (2007), Performance Comparison of Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocol, International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.7 No.11. Georgy Sklyarenko (2005), AODV Routing Protocol, Seminar Technische Informatik, Takustr. 9, D14195 Berlin, Germany. McGraw-Hill/Osborne, Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide, Copyright by Planet3 Wireless, Inc. Stefano Basagni, Marco Conti, Silvia Giordano, Ivan Stojmenovic, Mobile Ad Hoc Networking, Copyright 2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Subir Kumar Sarkar, T G Basavaraju, C Puttamadappa, Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Network, Copyright 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Tao Lin (2004), Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols: Methodologies and Applications, Blacksburg, Virginia. Yinfei Pan, Suny Binghamton (2006), Design Routing Protocol Performance Comparison in NS2: AODV comparing to DSR as Example. Yu-Chee Tseng, Wen-Hua Liao, Shih-Lin Wu, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and Routing Protocols, Handbook of Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing, Edited by Ivan StojmenovicCopyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Chapter 17. http://vi.wikipedia.org http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/tutorial/index.html http://www.geocities.com/tracegraph/ 36 The network simulator - ns-2. http:// www. isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ The ns Manual. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/doc/index.html

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10. 11. 12. 13. 14.