A Project Study Report On

J.K.CEMENT LTD.
MARKET WISE DEMAND ANALYSIS AND JK PRICE PERCEPTION

In the partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Business Administration (2012-13)

Rajasthan University (UOR)

Submitted by:Vinod Sawlani

BBA IIIrd year

Submitted to:Ms. Ekta Sharma Asst. Professor

Parishkar College of Global Excellence

Mansarovar, Jaipur
PREFACE
As per the requirement of BBA course J K Cement WORKS has been kind enough to permit me to complete my project on MANUFACTURING PROCESS & PRICE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS CEMENT BRANDS. This report prepared during the practical training. Which is students first and greatest treasure as it is full of experience, observation and knowledge. The summer training was very interesting and gainful as it is close to real what have been studied is all the years through was seen implemented in a modified and practical form. The only fault was that the time available was short and there was much to learn, yet the things learned shall never be oblivion and are of great aid in the near future. I sincerely believe that the research can be useful to the organization and others as well

Vinod Sawlani

BBA IIIrd Year

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my sincere to my project guide, Mr.R.P.SINGH( General Manager Dept.HRD & RTC) for guiding me right from the inception till the successful completion of the project .I sincerely acknowledge him for extending their valuable guidance, support for literature, critical reviews of project and the report and above all the moral support he provided to me all stages of this project. I would also like to supporting staff Mr.N.K.Vaishnav,for their help and cooperation throughout our project.

I would also like to thank the supporting my college faculty Mrs help and cooperation throughout our project.

Neha mathur her

Vinod Sawlani

BBA IIIrd Year

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. NO. 1 . 2 . 3 .

Descriptions Introduction to the industry

Page no. 5-7

Introduction to the Organization

8-69

Research Methodology 3.1Title of the Study 3.2 Duration of the Project 3.3 Objective of the Study 3.4 Types of Research 3.5 Collection Method and Sample Size 3.6 Scope of Study 3.7Limitation of Study Facts and Findings Data Analysis and Interpretation Swot Analysis Conclusion Recommendation and Suggestion Appendix BIBLIOGRAPHY

70-74

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

75 76-86 87-88 89 90 91 93

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRY

CEMENT INDUSTRY IN NORTHERN INDIA:

1. Leading position in attractive Northern India grey cement market: Based on CMA data, Northern Indian cement manufactures have consistently operated at the highest levels of capacity utilization among Indias five regions. We believe this reflects the strong demand in Northern India for cement products relative to supply. Further, based on capacity expansions announced by cement manufacturers, we expect cement plants in Northern India to continue to operate at high utilization levels and anticipate continued strong demand for our grey cement products in the near and medium-term. We believe that we are well positioned to take advantage of this demand, as the fourth largest grey cement manufacturer in Northern India, and the largest grey cement manufacturer in the state of Rajasthan. 2. Second largest white cement producer in India: White cement accounted for 16.6% of our total cement revenue and 35.2% of adjusted EBITDA from our cement operations in fiscal 2008, and 15.5% of revenues and 38.11% of our adjusted EBITDA from our cement operations in the six months ended September 31, 2009. Unlike grey cement, the white cement industry in India is highly concentrated with the two largest players accounting for the substantial majority of Indias production capacity. Consequently, prices of white cement have been relatively less volatile and sales of white cement have generated more stable cash flows for us even during industry downturns in grey cement. We also believe our position as the second largest producer of white cement in India, together with our nationwide delivery network, significantly enhances the overall brand image of JK Cement.

3. Proximity and access to large reserves of high quality limestone:

Operations, which we believe are sufficient to sustain our operations well into the future. Based on independent geological surveys of different mines during 1996 to 2001, we believe that our limestone reserves are sufficient to support our current and planned capacity for approximately 40 years for both grey and white cement. (Put in risk - assuming we are able to renew our existing leases upon their expiry) As one of the first cement producers in Northern India, we were able to choose our limestone reserves in an area with high quality limestone resources. In addition to allowing us to produce white cement, which requires high quality limestone, it also provides us with a cost advantage, as we are not required to purchase sweeteners to improve the quality of limestone. Further, our manufacturing plants are in close proximity to our limestone reserves, resulting in lower transportation costs. Finally, our mines that supply our white cement plant at Gotan also have a supply of white clay, an important additive necessary for white cement production.

4. Quality of products and strong brand name: We believe that brand name and reputation are important to retail purchasers of cement in India. We have built a strong reputation among cement purchasers by consistently providing high quality products. We believe that there is strong customer awareness of our brands, JK Cement (Sarvashaktimaan), for grey cement in our principal market in Northern India, and JK White (Camel), for white cement across India. Further, we believe that our brand name and our reputation for consistently supplying high quality products provide us with a competitive advantage in ensuring that cement dealers carry our products.

5. Extensive marketing and distribution network:

We have a wide distribution network for grey cement in Northern India. We also have a strong all-India distribution network for white cement. Our distribution network for

grey cement products consists of 44 feeder depots serviced by seven regional sales offices in Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. Our white cement network comprises 20 feeder depots serviced by 13 regional sales offices in Delhi, Chandigarh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan

INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANISATION

1.1 HISTORY BEHIND J K CEMENT The initial "J.K." stands for a father- son team, namely: Juggilal Kamlapath Singhania J .K. organization started in the year 1884 at Calcutta. J .K. started their business as a Financier, Investor, Trading Supplier of cotton belts and manufacturer of small machinery parts like V' belts, etc. They established few small cotton textile industries also. In the year 1914 they shifted their business from Calcutta to Kanpur where they established many big industries like J.K. cotton Mills, Straw product Co, Lohia Mach, J.K. Pulp and Raymonds Woolen, etc. In the year 1934 J.K. organization started one more division, as J.K.

Synthetics Ltd. They established various big plants of Nylon, Acrylic fiber, etc. at Kota and Tyre Cord, Chemical and Pesticides at Jhalawar. In the year 1974 under the same division one more unit was started for

manufacturing of Grey Cement at Nimbahera. The Present cement factory was commissioned in the year 1974. The plant started its production from 27th Dec 1974.

Ist plant / kiln was commissioned in 1974 and the capacity of this plant was 900 tonne per day and 3 lakh tonne per year. After modification in Preheater, its present capacity is 1200 TPD.

Expansion of this plant took place in the year 1979, when 2nd kiln was commissioned with a capacity of 1200 tonne per day and 7 lakh tonne per year. After modification in Preheater its present capacity is 1800 TPD.

Again in the third phase, a kiln was erected in the year 1982 and production of this kiln was 1350 tonne per day.

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In the year 1988 a new technology was introduced in this 3rd Kiln that consisted of precalcination process, which raised the capacity of this plant to 3400 tonne per day, which was earlier 1350 tonne per day. In Aug.-2003 after again some modification in Preheater and Folex cooler its capacity is increased to 5000 TPD.

Besides, J.K. cement plant is having its own diesel generator sets, producing

power to meet the power energy requirements.

Main raw material for cement is LIMESTONE, for limestone we have our own

open cast mines adjoining to the plant. Besides we have developed few more mines at Maliakhera, Karoonda and Tilakhera for producing 10,000 tonnes limestone per day as needed. J .K. Cement erected one more plant from Jan. 2001 with the capacity of 1400 tonne per day at village Mangrol. In Nov.-2003 after modification in Preheater and installation of Mechanical elevator its capacity increased to 2200 TPD. liabilities but also in maintaining a satisfactory level of working capital. And the cash management is the part of working capital management. The project was carried out for understanding the Peoples choice in Fixed Deposit of its market potential. The US $6 billion among the top 10 industrial houses in India. Hz the only Indian company among the top tractor brands in the world. Hz Equipment Sector has recently won the Japan Quality Medal, the only tractor company worldwide to be bestowed this honors. It also holds the distinction of being the only tractor company worldwide to win the Deming Prize. HZ is the market leader in multiutility vehicles in India. It made a milestone entry into the passenger car segment with the Logan. The Group has a leading presence in key sectors of the Indian economy, including the financial services, trade and logistics, automotive components, information technology, and infrastructure development. With over 62 years of manufacturing experience, the HZ has built a strong base in technology, engineering, marketing and distribution which are key to its

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evolution as a customer-centric organization. The Group employs over 50,000 people and has several state-of-the-art facilities in India and overseas. The HZ has ambitious global aspirations and has a presence on five continents. Mahindra products are today available on every continent except Antarctica. M&M has one tractor manufacturing plant in China, three assembly plants in the United States and one at Brisbane, Australia. It has made strategic acquisitions across the globe including Stokes Forgings (UK), Jeco Holding AG (Germany) and Schoneweiss & Co GmbH (Germany). Its global subsidiaries. . MIBL received its Direct Broking license from the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority in May 2004. The direct broking activities cover both Life and Non-Life insurance for corporate and retail customers. MIBL is committed to providing customized solutions geared to best meet the specific needs of customers. One such customized, cost-effective life insurance solution, conceptualized by MIBL foretail customers is a Group Credit Term cover - Suresh. This cover is offered to customers availing of auto and tractor loans from. In the unfortunate event of death of the customer, the outstanding loan amount is waived off and the customers family is able to retain the vehicle. MIBL is one of the few insurance broking companies in India to receive the prestigious ISO 9001:2000 Certification for Quality Management Systems. The main objectives of the study were to analyze by the for the day to day transaction to meet the company requirement that how much cash the company need to keep with it . Because if the company keep more fund then required then the company loose the other investment opportunities or loose the interest with the company can gain to invest the money in some other place.

In contractual agreement the client undergo an obligation to lift the specified amount within the stipulated time as per the terms and conditions of the contract. Normally the stipulated time is one month and quarter of the year. The specified quantity is fixed for both the periods.

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In case the clients uplift the specified quantity in stipulated time, Credit Note is given to them. It encourages them to fulfill their obligations. The amount of credit note depends upon the gravity of the party, the contractual amount of material and the time within which the obligation is being fulfilled. In general agreement the client can place order whenever they feel needed.Contractual rates are less than the general rates for sulphuric acid. Contractual rate- 4800 General rate-8500Generally the company settles for dispatch of small quantity and always keeps provision to change the specified quantity in the contract. It is due to the following two reasons:1 They are the general buyers who fetch more net realization than the contractual buyers. 2 It helps in dirisking the business and helps to adopt the policy of equal disbursement. Thus the dependency on one client will decrease.

2 Terms of payment:The payment can be made either in advance or on credit terms. In case of advance payment, demand draft, pay order or any other secured payment is accepted but not the cheques because they are mounted to get dishonored In case of supplies against letter of credit, it is being endorsed from bankers SBBJ Putholi and checked thoroughly. The credit policy provides for 90 days interest bearing credit against confirmed irrevocable letter of credit, without recourse of drawer, with interest @ 10% per annum and for any delay beyond 90 days interest @ 12% will be payable. For credit purchase the terms and conditions are different for different material. In case of metals, some security money has to be kept with the company. In case of sulphuric acid the terms are not so stringent because of the criticality of the material. Instead of keeping some security money a bank guarantee can be availed. The reason being that the sulphuric acid is in liquid state of nature. After using the storage capacity fully, no excess production can be done because of the non availability of the storage tankers. In other words production will be

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halted. So the efforts should be made to dispatch the acid as acid as soon as possible. Therefore the terms and conditions are create the new ones.

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3 Remittance voucher:When purchase order is received with demand draft the remittance voucher number is created in sap on-line system. Against this remittance voucher number sales order is prepared. When the sales order is prepared it is duly verified and signed by the competent authority.

Purpose of remittance voucher

Every client has an account with the account department. Creating a remittance voucher number means crediting the received money in his account on the value date. The value is the date on which the payment is received. In case the clients uplift the specified quantity in stipulated time, Credit Note is given to them. It encourages them to fulfill their obligations. The amount of credit note depends upon the gravity of the party, the contractual amount of material and the time within which the obligation is being fulfilled.

4 Discount policy:The company provides for two types of discounts. They are as follows:1 Cash discount. 2 Quantity discount. A cash discount of rs.20/-per mt is applicable for all purchases made against the advance payments.On monthly combined off take following quantity discount is applicable . Min.500mt :rs.50/-per mt Min.1000mt :rs.75/-per mt Min.1500mt :rs.100/-per mt Min.2000mt :rs.125/-per mt

The aforesaid prices are exclusive of excise duty and sales tax.

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5 Sales order:Sales order is also called as delivery order. In case of sulphuric acid the sales order is prepared by the company after the remittance voucher number is created. In case of metals like zinc and lead the sales order is prepared and faxed by the regional office for final dispatch. The most widely used zinc compound, zinc oxide is used in valcanisation of rubber, as well as a ceramics, paints, animal feed, pharmaceuticals and other application. A special grade of zinc oxide has long been used in photocopiers. In case of Ex Factory policy, the company has the responsibility and liability to hand over the material to the transporter upto factory gate only. In case of free on rail policy the company has the responsibility and liability to send the material upto the destination or factory gate. The Ex factory policy and free on rail policy is applicable only in case of metals and not in case of sulphuric.

6 Loading:The transporter collect the allow slip and report to factory main gate along with it. After verification the trucks moved to the computerized weigh bridge for tare weight. It then moves to the stock yard for mechanical loading bundle wise from crane. The truck after loading is re-weighed and gross weight is recorded in SAP on-line system.

7 Final dispatch:An invoice cum challan is prepared using weigh bridge interface. Ar-3A form is also prepared in case of clearance of acid under ct-2 duty free. The driver goes back to the main gate and takes out his truck after handing over the security copy. After verification of the papers and Material loaded, truck is allowed to move out of the factory premises. Any consignment valued more than 2 crore must be declared to the insurance company by way of fax/e-mail immediately. Consignments dispatched within the policy period must be declared to the insurance company within 7 days from the

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close of a month. Otherwise the same will not be entertained and treated asinsured. The transporter copy is the most significant copy otherwise the transporter cant cross the broder of the state. It is to ensure that it is a transfer only and not for any other purpose. In order to make transfer 18-C form is to be filled. Every state has its own form and it is necessary to fill other states forms also.

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Documents to be prepared.
1 Invoice cum delivery challan:- It is a legal document which is to be
prepared under rule 11 of excise rules 2000. An invoice is created in five copies. They are as follows Original copy. Duplicate for transporter copy. Security copy. Triplicate for assesses. Extra copy.

Duplicate copy and security copy of invoice is handed over to the driver. AR-3A form is prepared in case the party wants duty free clearance under (CT-2) excise no-2 rules 2001

Tax Structure
Following are the taxes which are imposed every time the sales takes place. State sales tax is imposed when the material is dispatched within the state. Eg. 3% - Concessional rate 4% - Full rate Central sales tax is imposed @ 16% on the total price of the goods dispatched.

Pricing Strategies.
The company has its own pricing committee. It maintains and decides the prices on the basis of LONDON METAL EXCHANGE. The prices are revised after every one month Concessional tax forms:1. CT-2 Form

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2.

CT-3Form

CT-2 Form is filled up by the client in order to gain exemption on excise duty. The exemption depends on the final product to be produced. For instance if the party is producing fertilizers, is it can avail the exemption. Different forms of fertilizers avail different exemption. In other words it can be said that the exemption is given on the items of importance. CT-3 Form is filled up by the client in order to gain exemption on excise duty. It is given in the following two cases: Exports Deemed exports (import substitution)

It is given for the purpose of encouraging exports and innovation

Insurance Policies.
The company have two types of policies. Ex factory. Free on rail (for)

In case of Ex Factory policy, the company has the responsibility and liability to hand over the material to the transporter upto factory gate only. In case of free on rail policy the company has the responsibility and liability to send the material upto the destination or factory gate. The Ex factory policy and free on rail policy is applicable only in case of metals and not in case of sulphuric acid. The company has made insurance to the Oriental Insurance Corporation Ltd. Which is a subsidiary of the General Insurance Corporation of India? It has taken two insurance policies. They are as follows-

1.

Marine Insurance (cargo)

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2.

Burglary Insurance.

Marine policy is an open policy. It covers the voyage to HZL units to any place in India to various stock points/plants, offices of HZL. Parties (customers) of HZL anywhere in India to any port rail/ air. Any consignment valued more than 2 crore must be declared to the insurance company by way of fax/e-mail immediately. Consignments dispatched within the policy period must be declared to the insurance company within 7 days from the close of a month. Otherwise the same will not be entertained and treated as- insured. The total sum insured is 1800 crores. Burglary policy is a policy taken against any theft or pilferage. It has a total sum insured of 40 crores. The location of the property is Zinc/ lead metal worth rs. 25 crores stored at HZL-CLZS. Zinc/ lead metal worth rs. 15 crores at Zinc smelter.

A monthly declaration is necessarily to be the insurance company.

Due to power shortage as imposed by Ajmer electricity supply board J.K. established its own Thermal Power Plant at village Bamania, near Shambhupura, which is generating 15 M.W. power every day, which is consumed by J.K. Cement Plant.

J K Cement also has a plant of 400TPD installed capacity of White Cement at Gotan, Nagpur (Raj). J.K. Cement has started the following projects: Cement Project at Karnataka of over 5500 TPD and Thermal Power Plant of capacity 30 MW.

1.

Thermal Power Plant at Nimbahera of 22 MW.

2. Waste Heat Recovery Plant at Nimbahera of 15 MW capacity.

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3.

Bhumi Poojan of Dr Gaur Hari Singhania Technical University at

Bhatewar, Udaipur.

4.

J.K. cement is one of the most productive, cost efficient cement

producing plant in the country, a company, believing in corporate responsibility to society, integrity and fairness. The companys cement is sold under the J.K. Sarve Shaktiman brand name, enjoys good brand image and a price premium. The following types of cements are produced by J K Cement Works. (a) Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) (b) Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) (c) Super Silicate Cement (SSC) (d) Masonry Cement (MC) J. K. Cement manufactures and markets cement and clinker for both domestic as well as exports markets.

1.2 PRESENT CAPACITY AND PERFORMANCE 1.2.1 CLINKER PRODUCTION

Ist Plant / Kiln IInd Plant / Kiln IIIrd Plant / Kiln IVth Plant at Mangrol 1200 Tonne Per Day (TPD) 1800 TPD 5000 TPD 2200 TPD

Total Capacity

10200 TPD

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1.2.2 PRODUCTION ANALYSIS TABLE: IN TONS

Year 2007-08 2008-9-09 2009-10 2010-11 Clinker 3170268 2907196 2917045 3024091 Cement 3511022 3638786 3690726 3646220

1.3 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS: IN Million

Year 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 200--10 2009-11

Turnover 11087 15297 18128 18765 22222481 22481 22

PBT 522 2720 3466 2340 3112

1.Net sales increased 22.04% from Rs.1,49,683.56 lacs in 2008-09 to

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Rs. 1,82,678.47 lacs in 2009-10. 2.PBT increased 33.04% from Rs.23,396.06 lacs in 2008-09 to Rs.31,125.86 Lacs in 2009-10.

2. MANAGEMENT SET- UP
2.1 Corporate Level- Kanpur

Chairman Managing Director Group Executive President

- Dr Gaur Hari Singhania - Shri Y P Singhania - Shri R G Bagla

2.2 Unit Head Level- Nimbahera

President

- Shri D. Ravisankar J K Organization

J K Cement Ltd.

J K Cement Works (Grey Cement) 1. 2. 3. 4. J K Cement Works, Nimbahera J K Cement Works, Mangrol J K Thermal Power Plant, Bamania ProjectsJ K Thermal Power Project, Nimbahera J K White Cement Works Gotan, Nagaur

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J K Cement Project, Karnataka

BOARD OF DIRECTORS CHAIRMAN

Dr. GAUR HARI SINGHANIA

MANAGING DIRECTOR & CEO

Mr. YADUPATI SINGHANIA LIST OF DIRECTORS

Mr. J.P. BAJPAI

Mr. K.N. KHANDELWAL DIRECTOR

Mr. RAJ KUMAR LOHIA DIRECTOR z Mr. ASHOK SHARMA

Mr.JAYANT NARAYAN GODBOLE

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GROUP EXECUTIVE PRESIDENT

Mr. R.G. BAGLA (CORPORATE AFFAIRS) AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER Mr. A.K. SARAGOI PRESIDENT (TECHNICAL AND MANAGEMENT SERVICES) Mr. M.P. RAWAL PRESIDENT

PRESIDENT WORKS (GREY CEMENT) Mr. D. RAVI SHANKAR WORKS (WHITE CEMENT) Mr. B.K. ARORA PRESIDENT SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT MARKETING (GREY CEMENT) Mr. R.C. SHUKLA SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT MARKETING (WHITE CEMENT)

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Mr. V.P.SINGH COMPANY SECRETARY Mr.SHAMBHU SINGH

4. J K Marketing Organization & RTC North

4.1 J K MARKETING ORGANISATION The head office of Marketing Department of J K Cement Ltd. is at Delhi, which is headed by Sr. V P (Marketing-Grey Cement) and Sr. V P (Marketing White Cement). The White Cement is sold all over India and the Grey Cement is sold in the States of Rajasthan, M.P., U.P., Haryana, Punjab, Gujarat and Delhi. With the commissioning of J.K Cement Project, Karnataka Southern region will also the Covered for Grey Cement.

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Marketing team

Grey Cement 79 Members

White Cement 101 Members

Works closely with

Co-ordinate with dealer network and direct consumer.

4.2 Regional training Centre North customers to retailers and

increase awareness and

usage of with cement Efforts to increase The Regional training Centre North is a premier training centre of North producers India promoted with assistance from World Bank, production of Govt. of DANIDA and blended
India as a unique HRD project in Cement Industry is also attached with J K Cement Works as Lead Plant. It is equipped with modern training aids and caters to the skill enhancement and competency developmental needs of more than 20 cement and other plants. It has trained over 8000 technical and managerial personnel during the last 14 years. The centre has conducted many tailor-made in-house programs for cement and other industries in India and abroad including for Oman Cement, Oman and Star Cement, Dubai.

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RTC has specialized packages / modules in Mining, Process, Maintenance disciplines like Operation & Maintenance of HEMM / Gear Boxes / Pumps / Compressors / Electrical & Electronics Equipments / Energy Conservation / Environment Management and Machinery Alignment, etc. designed and developed by renowned International / National agencies like FLS Denmark, NCCBM, TATA Interactive Systems, VEC, NITTR, ect. More than 100 senior line mangers form ten plants have been trained at Denmark, NITTR, Bhopal and Chennai, who act. as resource persons for these programs. Besides, OEM's and management experts of national repute are invited for various technical and management programs to make them effective and gainful experience for the participants.

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5. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Educational Services : Construction of rooms in Govt. College at Nimbahera. Running JK Institute of Technology, ITI in five trades affiliated to NCVT. Running 10+2 CBSE affiliated School. Running Regional Training Centre for Cement technocrat's aided by WB & DANIDA. Various constructions in nearby Govt. Schools of Chittorgarh District.

We are involved in girls school (under construction) and committed reasonable financial contribution for above.

Medical services
Rs. 36 lacks contribution for the construction of Govt. Hospital at Nimbahera. Ambulance to Govt. Hospital. Free facility of pathological laboratory for the persons of surrounding area. Financial contribution to various NGOS for medical camps in the district. Financial contribution for construction of dispensary & health centre in nearby villages.

Free Homeopathic consultancy/medicines for the patients of nearby area.

Religious services :
Radhakrishna tempie at colony premises. Prayer hall in hanuman temple in Nimbahera. Bheemkeshwar temple in staff colony. Dharmashala at Bhanwarmata (tourist / religious place.) 8 room for Dharamshala at Pashupati Nath temple in Mandsaur (M.P.). Various temples in Number of nearby villages.

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Sports services
Sports infrastructure like wooden badminton court, table tennis court, billiard room, and cricket ground, volleyball ground in colony campus. Sponsoring all India. youth football, volleyball and badminton tournaments. Sponsoring inter-district tournament.

Arranging summer camps for various sports.

Other social services

Construction of approach roads in and around villages of mining area. Digging of tube wells. Supply of tube well pumps. Construction of water tanks. Supply of drinking water in tankers in nearby needy places during summer. Regular plantation in plant, colony and nearby villages. Direct and indirect employment to thousands of persons of surrounding area. Financial helps to NGOS.

Financial aid to organize religious festivals by municipal board.

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Architect of the Year Award (AYA)

Architecture was more or less identified with housing & more so with elite housing. However, many countries have used architecture effectively for public structures also, such as highways, metro rails, factories, harbours & any other public facilities. These projects/structures shall consume lot of building materials. If these structures have to look pleasing, relevant architect designs. The subject of challenges to architecture vis-a-vis town planning, infrastructure development & affordable housing is being discussed in various countries through various forums. Mr.Yadupati Singhania, Managing Director, J.K. Cement Ltd., thought that we could contribute to this cause by encouraging outstanding talent in the profession of architecture as a continuous process & thereby set an example for others in this profession to do better & better.

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This is how Architect of the Year Award (AYA) began way back in the year 1990 (1st Architect of the Year Award). Awards were subsequently extended to architects of neighbouring countries from the year 1996 (7th Architect of the Year Award). To encourage state level architecture, State Architecture awards were also introduced from the award year AYA-98 (9th Architect of the Year Award). To feed the required limestone to our cements plants, we hold four mining leases at Ahirpura, Maliakhera, Karunda and Tilakhera where mining is carried out using deep hole drilling and blasting. But a lot of care has been taken to negate the ill effects of this ecology affecting activity. To begin with, we have converted the dry drilling into wet drilling, water is sprinkled on the haul roads, dense plantation has been cultivated around the working pit, Sequential Blasting Machine and down the hole delay are being used to reduce noise, vibration and fly rock. Water is kept stored in the forth bench for use during summer as it also helps recharge the ground water table. Afforestation is carried out at all the four mines as a part of the mining process. Till date, a total of 2,85,396 plants have been planted covering a total area of over 65 hectares. Necessary arrangement for watering these plants, ensuring their survival, has also been done in the form of construction of 6 water tanks combined with the facilitation of direct water supply pipelines and water tankers. We have also focussed on the Waste Dump Management. The generation of waste material along with mining of limestone at all our mines, is almost negligible. However, some waste like Interstitial Clay, when generated, is excavated separately and dumped at the specified places. These waste dumps are being properly levelled which are then covered with black cotton soil scraped from other parts of the pit only. This forms the bed for plantation or afforestation. The height of the dumps are kept only 5 to 6 mtrs. So that there will be no chance of destabilising of these dumps after plantation in the long run.

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Besides, JK Organisation, is also involved in setting up a number of Primary Schools, Secondary Schools, Industrial Training Institutes, Institutes of Management & Research, Institute of Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, Institute of Radiology & Cancer Research and Dr. Gaur Hari Singhania Academy of Productivity Science & Environmental Engineering.

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JK CEMENT PLANT,NIMBAHERA 34

CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS:

There are three production lines involving five significant manufacturing stages, namely crushing, raw meal grinding, clinkerisation, cement grinding and packing. At crushing stage, run of limestone mines is crushed to desired size so as to achieve optimum grinding efficiency in the Raw Mills. Crushed limestone is stacked by stacker in a stockpile and reclaimed by means of a reclaimer. The stockpile serves as a buffer stock storage. Partial quantity of laterite & bauxite is also added during crushing. In Raw Mill, crushed limestone with late rite is fed through weigh feeders. The feed quantity and ratio of feeds are controlled based on the chemical analysis results from QCX (X-ray) / Laboratory. The raw material is ground in ball mills and the fineness (residue) is controlled by separator damper control. The raw material is also ground in VRM where finances is controlled By separator's speed. The ground raw meal is blended for homogeneity and stored in raw meal storage silo or in C.F. silo. Clinkerisation is the heart of cement manufacturing process, where the raw meal is fed to the preheater at controlled rate through electronic weigh feeder and / solid flow meters. The feed enters the kiln though cyclones (for Unit I, II) and through Precalciner (for Unit III) and the fuel is fired at the kiln outlet end (also in precalcienr for unit III) The counter current of hot gases against the material flow right from preheater stage to kiln outlet converts raw mix to clinker by pyroprocessing stages like calcinations and clinkerisation. The clinker is cooled in coolers.

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Clinker is transported to clinker yard for storage. Clinker and gypsum are thereafter ground to a specific fineness in bqll mills to produce final product i.e. cement. The blaine (fineness) of cement is controlled by separator's speed in close circuit grinding and by mill fan damper opening during open circuit grinding. Cement is transported to cement silos for storage. Cement is drawn from cement silos for packing in bags by mechanical rotary packers.

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1.1 DEFINITION OF CEMENT

Cement can be defined as any substance, which can join or unite two or more pieces of some other substance together to form a unit mass. Cement, as used in construction industries, is a fine powder which when mixed with water and allowed to set and harden can join different components or members together to give a mechanically strong structure. Thus, cement can be used as a bonding material for bricks or for bonding solid particles of different sizes (rubble masonry) to form a monolith.

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HISTORY OF CEMENT The history of cement is the story of civilization from primitive caves of pre-historic times to the skyscrapers of the modern age. It is said that the use of cement is form the period of use of fire. Egyptians utilized gypsum plaster as cementing material as early as 3000 BC building their monuments. However, It was in 1824, sixty-eighty years after the discovery of hydraulic properties of lime Joseph Aspdin patented his product, which was called "Portland Cement" The plants manufacturing portland cement outside England were commissioned in Belgium and Germany in 1855. The interest that is evoked in the technology o f cement resulted in the development of Rotary kilns in 1886. Modern cement is the outcome of the combined research and development efforts of chemists, technologists and architects. The cement technology is an offshoot of the overall development in other industries, technology, constructional activities and knowledge and the availability of raw material.

1.3 TYPES AND USES OF CEMENT: Types of Cement Ordinary Cement (OPC) Portland Slag Cement Portland Cement (PPC) White Portland Cement General construction and marine works. & marine. Architectural purposes, decorative work and in manufacturing of titles. Pozzolona General construction, hydraulic construction Application

Portland General construction

38

Oil Well Cement

Connecting the steel casing to the walls of gas oil wells at high temperature and to seal porous formations in petroleum industry.

Low Heat Portland Cement Super Sulphated Cement

Where low heat on hydration is required as in mass concrete for dams. In a varity of aggressive conditions like marine works, concrete sewers carrying industrial effluents.

High Alumina Cement

Mainly as refractory cement and as structural material giving high early strength development in cold regions.

1.4 RAW MATERIAL 1.4.1 Raw MaterialsLimestone (calcareous) and clays (argillaceous) are the conventional raw materials mostly used in cement industry. Sometimes sandstone (siliceous),bauxite (aluminous) and iron ore (ferruginious) are used, as corrective material to maintain desired composition for potential property of clinker. Cement manufacturing process involves Preparation of raw mix by crushing, grinding and blending of raw materials in definite proportions. Burning the raw meal at clinker temperature (14500C) in a kiln. Grinding the resultant clinker to fine powder with certain amount of gypsum to regulate setting of cement.

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1.4.2

Types of Raw Material

It is known that raw meal feed for cement manufacture basically consists of two components Calcium carbonate Alumino silicates Due to depletion of cement grade limestone, it is necessary to go in, more and more, for byproducts and waste materials of chemical, metallurgical, coal and other industries as raw material for cement manufacture. 1.4.3 TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RAW MATERIAL Raw materials are characterized by (a) Chemical composition (b) Mineral composition (c) Physical composition (d) Mechanical characteristics Composition of Ordinary Cement: Ordinary Portland Cement is the basic cement and it has three grades namely 33, 43 and 53 respectively. Limestone is the principal raw material for the manufacturing of cement. Our country has enough reserve of raw material needed in the cement industry. Cement consumption growth is highly correlated to the GDP growth and serves as a leading indicator. More industrial activity and greater purchasing power means more asset formation and construction and thus more consumption of cement.

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Ingredient Lime Silica Alumina Calcium sulphate Iron Oxide Magnesia Sulphur

Percentage 64 22 5 4 3 2 1 1

Range 64-68 17-25 3-6 3-5 3-4 0.1-3.0 1-3 0.2-1.0

1.5 TYPS OF PROCESS Basically there are two types of process for cement manufacturing that is Hydro Processing (Wet Process) Pyro Processing (Dry Process) We are using Pyro Process in JK Cement Works. 1.5.1 PYRO PROCESSING In order to manufacture cement from the raw mix, it is required to heat raw meal to a temperature of 1450OC, thus carrying out SINTERING OR CLINKERISATION. The burning process requires an oxidising atmosphere in the kiln, as in the opposite case a clinker of brown colour (contrary to the normal greenish grey) will be formed and the resulting cement will be quicker setting and with lower strength. 1.5.2 Chemical Transformations During heating of the raw meal to the burning temperature 1450oC (clinkerization or sintering) certain physio-chemical processes take place. These include: Dehydration of the argillaceous minerals; decomposition of the carbonates (decarbonisation or expulsion of CO2 commonly known as calcination); reactions in solid phase and reactions with the participation of one liquid phase and crystallizations. These processes are influenced by chemical factors in the raw meal (such as its chemical composition), by mineralogical factors (its mineralogical composition), by physical factors (fineness or particle size in the raw meal), homogeneity and other

41

factors. The complete course of these endothermic reactions plays a decisive role in quality of the resulting cement. In per-heater kiln, the first five transformations shows in figure 4.1 will take place in pre-heater tower. The decomposition of limestone and other carbonates will primarily take place in the calciner vessel where the calcination temperature is maintained by injection of fuel. The last two transformations will take place in the rotary kiln. The carbonate Ca CO3 decomposes between 600 800OC to form CaO. Quartz and clay will have started decomposing slightly before that to liberate free reactive Al2O3 and SiO2 The CaO being formed at this stage, now reacts with SiO2 to form C2S and later with more CaO to form C3S. Some CaO will also react with Al2O3 and Fe2O3 to form various intermediate components such as CA, C12A7 and others, which will decompose at higher temperature at later stage. C2S content is seen to grow steadily during the heating and reach maximum content at approx. 1300OC which is a point where liquid phase appears. The major part of C2S is then transformed to C3S in the liquid phase and the final content of C 2S in the clinker is less than the content of C3S.

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1 M IN IN G 1.1 Function: Planning and executing a systematic exploration programme. Draw scope of drilling campaign. How to carry out survey and perform

drilling activities for exploration purpose. Establish system for computerized mine-planning in order to ensure supply of

limestone with consistent quality. Planning and executing drilling and blasting programme in normal course at site

to take optimum output from blasting as well as achieving economy in explosive consumption. (Approximate boulder size: 1.0 M * 1.4 M * 1.1M) Loading and transportation of lime stone boulders to crusher site. Implementing statutory requirement for safety and environment.

Resources: (a) (b) Explosives Equipment: Drilling Machines Excavators / Shovels Dumpers Operations: Drilling and Blasting Loading and transportation Dozers Loaders

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2C U H R S A K R&R C A E RSE, T CE E L IM R 2.1 CRUSHER 2.1.1 Purpose: Size reduction from 1.0M * 1.4M * 1.1M boulder to 25mm size limestone pieces. 2.1.2 Common type of Crushers: Double Toggle Jaw Crusher (Capacity: 400 TPH): Used as primary crusher. Swing Hammer Crusher (Capacity: 200 TPH) used as secondary crusher. Compound Impactor (Capacity: 800 TPH) combined unit of primary and secondary crusher. 2.2 STACKER & RECLAIMER Purpose: Homogenization of crushed limestone. 2.2.1 Stacker: Type of Pile: Longitudinal. Details of Piles: 20000 30000 tonnes per pile. Height of pile upto 11.00 meters. The stacker moves on longitudinal rails.

2.2.2 Reclaimer Type: Bridge Scrapper Type.

Rated Capacity: 600 tonnes per hour It will vary from plant to plant depending on
the production requirement (in TPD). Working Principle: Cuts Stack Pile in slice from parallel to face of pile. Shifting material (limestone) to belt with the help of scrapper.

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3 G IN IN R D G INTRODUCTION3.1 Materials used for grinding

Limestone and additives (Raw Mix) Coal and other fuels Clinker

3.2 Feed size of incoming materials

Limestone 25mm Size for Ball Mills 35mm Size for VRM (Segregated)

(Secondary Crusher is used to feed Ball Mills) Coal 25mm size Clinker 25 to 35 mm size.

3.3 Fineness of output materials

Raw Mix: 15 17 % Residue On 90 # 1.8 2.2 % Residue On 200 # Coal Powder: 15 17% Residue On 90 # 18-22 % Residue On 90 # (For use in Pre-Calciner, there is separate arrangement to grind coal) Cement: 33 Grade 2600 To 2800 Blaine 43 Grade 2850 To 3000 Blaine 53 Grade 3200 To 3400 Blaine

3.4 Grinding Systems

Raw Mix:

39

Ball Mill Vertical Roller Mill Combination of Roller Press and Ball Mill

(Generally open circuit is used in wet process and closed circuit is used in dry process. In closed circuit systems, fixed and dynamic separators are used.) Coal and fuel:

Ball Mill Vertical Roller Mill (Closed circuit used) Clinker Grinding:

Ball Mill Combination of Roller Press and Ball Mill (Open circuit and closed circuit used. In closed circuit systems, fixed and dynamic separators are used.)

3.5 Materials used for grinding Limestone and additives (Raw Mix) Coal and other fuels Clinker

3.6 Grinding of Cement: In a modern cement plant, the total power consumption is about 100 Kwh / tonnes whereas cement grinding process accounts about 40%. The quality of final cement product depends on operational mode and parameters of cement grinding plant. Cement has to be ground fine enough to meet the requirements for strength properties specified in current standards. As it takes quite long time to determine especially the late strength, the hour to-hour and day to-day control of cement grinding has to be based on cement fineness. During heating of the raw meal to the burning temperature 1450oC (clinkerization or sintering) certain physio-chemical processes take place. These include:

40

Dehydration

of

the

argillaceous

minerals;

decomposition

of

the

carbonates

(decarbonisation or expulsion of CO2 commonly known as calcination); reactions in solid phase and reactions with the participation of one liquid phase and crystallizations. These processes are influenced by chemical factors in the raw meal (such as its chemical composition), by mineralogical factors (its mineralogical composition), by physical factors (fineness or particle size in the raw meal), homogeneity and other factors. The complete course of these endothermic reactions plays a decisive role in quality of the resulting cement. In per-heater kiln, the first five transformations shows in figure 4.1 will take place in preheater tower. The decomposition of limestone and other carbonates will primarily take place in the calciner vessel where the calcination temperature is maintained by injection of fuel. The last two transformations will take place in the rotary kiln. The carbonate Ca CO3 decomposes between 600 800OC to form CaO. Quartz and clay will have started decomposing slightly before that to liberate free reactive Al2O3 and SiO2

Strength development of concrete is the result of hydration of the particles. Smaller the particles, larger the specific surface and faster the hydration. Particles coarser than 30 50 microns hydrate very slowly and will only affect late strengths. On the other hand, superfine particle with 2-3 micron size may hydrate before the concrete has been cast and will have limited influence on strength development.

41

4 K NS S E S IL Y T M

4.1 Purpose: To transform Raw Mix into CLINKER through PYRO-PROCRESSING.

4.2 Sections of a Typical Kiln System: KILN feed system. Pre-heater (Four stage to six stage) Pre-Calciner (ILC, SLC) Kiln Cooler (including Clinker Hammer) Planetary Cooler Grate Cooler Type of Cement: Grey Cement White Cement

4.3 Processes: Wet Process Semi-dry Process Dry Process

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5 P C IN P A T AK G L N 5.1 Purpose: To pack cement in appropriate packages suitable for consumption at site. 5.2 Common packs available: Grey Cement: 50 Kg bags Bulk handling of cement has started at selected places e.g. bulkhandling project near Mumbai by ACC. White Cement: 50 Kg and small size packs as per market demand. 5.3 Packers: Mechanical Packers Electronic Packers

6 Q A IT C A A T R T SO C M N U L Y H R C E IS IC F E E T 6.1 INTRODUCTION: The survival and well being of the cement plants / companies in the market depends upon the quality of product and its cost. Quality and cost together define the value of the product (i.e. cement in this case). The concept of quality has undergone a sea change from mere quality control of the product to total quality management (T.Q.M.) with emphasis on quality defined as totality of features and characteristics of product / services that bears on its ability to satisfy the stated and implied needs. The quality of the product depends on variety of factors such as technology, quality of raw materials and fuels, operation and quality control procedures to produced consistent product. The broad quality parameters of cement relate to chemical and physical properties as per IS Code are as mentioned below:

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6.2 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Loss on ignition [LOI] Insoluble residue [IR] Sulphur trioxide [SO3] Magnesium oxide [MgO] Total chloride [Cl] Lime saturation factor [LSF] Alumina modulus [AM]

6.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Fineness Consistency Setting time initial and final Soundness Compressive strengths (3 days, 7 days and 28 days) Heat of hydration Drying shrinkage [for PPC]

The basic steps involved in the production process is set out below: All J.K. Cement plants are dry process plants. Limestone is crushed to a uniform and usable size, blended with certain additives (such as iron ore and bauxite) and discharged on a vertical roller mill, where the raw materials are ground to fine powder. An electrostatic precipitator dedusts the raw mill gases and collects the raw meal for a series of further stages of blending. The homogenized raw meal thus extracted is pumped to the top of a preheater by air lift pumps. In the preheaters the material is heated to 750C. Subsequently, the raw meal undergoes a process of calcination in a precalcinator (in which the carbonates present are reduced to oxides) and is then fed to the kiln. The remaining calcination and clinkerization reactions are completed in the kiln where the temperature is raised to between 1,450C and

44

1,500C. The clinker formed is cooled and conveyed to the clinker silo from where it is extracted and transported to the cement mills for producing cement. For producing OPC, clinker and gypsum are used and for producing Portland [Pozzolana] Cement (PPC), clinker, gypsum and fly ash are used. In the production of Portland Blast Furnace Stag Cement (PSC), granulated blast furnace slag from steel plants is added to clinker. We produce grey cement and white cement. Grey cement produced by us consists of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC). OPC has three principal grades that are differentiated by their compressive strengths, and consist of 53-grade, 43-grade and 33-grade OPC.

All our products comply with the quality standards specified by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Our cement products are marketed under the brand names J.K. Cement and Sarvashaktiman for OPC products, J.K. Super for PPC products and J.K. White and Camel for white cement products, which we believe are well known brands. JK Wall Putty White cement based putty for luxurious and silky interior/exterior finish of your dream home JK Wall Putty is White Cement based putty for cement plastered walls and ceilings. J.K. Wall Putty is used to fill the uneven surfaces of cement plastered walls and concrete walls. Application of J.K. Wall putty provides smooth and strong finish to the walls for further application of all kinds of paints. The smooth finish gives better look to interiors and exteriors. Surface Preparation The surface should be cleaned to make it free from dirt, dust, grease, oil and paint. All foreign impurities should be removed with a wire-brush. Wall surfaces should be cured so that the surface is saturated with water yet in touch dry condition.

45

Treatment of New Surface The new surface requires only soft treatment such as removal of dust, dirt and foreign matter. In case of cracks, voids and damages; it should be patched up prior to application of J. K. Wall Putty with grey/white cement. Treatment of Old Surface All loose material and/ or organic growth must be removed with Putty blade or brush. In case of old painted surface scrub the surface with coarse emery stone/paper. Preparation of J.K. Wall Putty Paste J. K. Wall Putty is a fine powder. Mix slowly J. K. Wall Putty with approx. 40% water by volume to prepare paste of desired consistency. Mix vigorously for 5-10 minutes for making lump free, uniform and smooth putty paste. Product should be mixed in required quantities to be used within 2-3 hrs of its preparation. Application Apply uniformly the first coat of J.K. Wall Putty with blade/trowel on the wall from bottom to top. Apply second coat after the first coat has dried completely. Limit the total thickness of 2 coats to 1.5 mm. Allow complete drying and then use fine emery paper to remove the application mark if any. Any kind of paint can be applied on this surface. Use water for curing before applying paint. Precaution Although J.K. Wall Putty does not contain any toxic material, use rubber gloves while mixing, as prolonged exposure with water may soften the skin resulting in fine cuts/legions due to cement particles. Precaution should be taken to avoid dust inhalation while handling the powder putty. Storage

46

Store J.K. Wall Putty in a dry place and open the pack just before use. Keep out of reach of children. Comparison Between J.K. Wall Putty and Traditional Putty Properties Binding Property J.K. Wall Putty Traditional Putty to only chalk

J.K. Wall Putty is white cement based Due property. Due to its cement base, J.K. Wall Putty

putty. Hence it possesses good binding powder, it has very less binding property.

Durability

becomes an integral part of plaster and Less durable hence more durable. J.K. Wall Putty covers more surface Covers area. Does not resist less surface

Coverage Area area exceeding 20 Sq. ft./kg. In 2 coats on a new plastered wall. Water Resistance J.K. Wall Putty resists dampness.

dampness. Flaking occurs when it

Flaking

No Flaking.

comes in contact with water.

Consumption of Paint Primer Coat

J.K. Wall Putty requires less paint due Requires to low absorption. No primer coat is required. Better appearance due to very high

more

paint

due to high absorption. Primer coat is must. Appearance yellowish. High colours. pigmentation. yet dull is

Appearance

whiteness of Putty. NCCBM certifies 93% whiteness. Less pigment consumption yet bright colours.

Pigmentation

Consumption

Consistency

Consistency in quality as it is made No consistency. under stringent quality control with tested ingredients under one roof at

47

company premises. Ultimate (a) Cost (b) (c) cost Long No Less paint is less life Primer due span cost & Ultimate cost is more. to

consumption

(d) No use Of enamel & varnish while preparing putty paste. Advantages over Plaster of Paris (POP) 1. White cement based product therefore strength is more than gypsum based POP. 2. J.K. Wall Putty can be applied on exteriors/exposed surfaces whereas the same is not possible with POP. 3. J.K. Wall Putty is very white in appearance while POP is yellowish. 4. In case of J.K. Wall Putty no primer is required before painting, whereas it is compulsory for POP surfaces. 5. J.K. Wall Putty resists seepage while POP does not. Grey cement produced by us consists of OPC and PPC. There are also other cements in the market that we do not produce, such as Portland slag cement, oil well cement, sulphate resistant cement, rapid gardening cement, low alkali cement, low heat cement and super finish cement.OPC has three grades that we produce, that are differentiated by their compressive strengths, expressed in mega pascals (MPa), as specified by the BIS.These grades are 53-grade OPC, 43-grade OPC and 33-grade OPC, with 53-grade OPC having the highest compressive strength.The customer selects the grade of OPC based on the intended application. Our most popular cement, by sales volume, is 43-grade cement, with 53-grade cement being used in applications which require high strength characteristics.

Ordinary Portland Cement OPC is produced by inter-grinding cement clinker prepared in a rotary cement kiln

48

with gypsum. Each metric ton of OPC requires approximately 0.95 metric tons of clinker and approximately 0.05 metric tons of gypsum. The range of applications, the physical and chemical requirements specified by BIS and strength of the three grades of OPC are discussed below: 53-grade OPC (IS:12269-1987): 53-grade OPC is a high strength cement. According to the BIS requirements, 53-grade OPC must have a 28-day compressive strength of no less than 53 MPa. For certain specialized products, such as pre-stressed concrete and certain pre-cast concrete items requiring high strength, 53-grade OPC is considered useful as it can produce high-grade concrete at lower cement content levels. We produce 53-grade OPC by exposing the clinker We manufacture white cement under the brand names J.K. White and Camel. White cement is produced using a different quality of limestone and is distinguished from grey cement by its white colour. Each ton of white cement requires approximately 1.33 tons of limestone, 0.02 tons of gypsum and 0.2 tons of additives including white clay, feldspar and fluorspar. White cement is typically used in three principal areas of application, as set forth below: Flooring, for the manufacturing and laying of mosaic tiles and as tile fixing grout, wall applications, such as decorative white cement paints and plain and spray plasters; and Other specialized applications including glass fibre reinforced concrete, garden furniture, lamp posts, as pointing for brick and stone works and as pre-cast cladding panels. We sell white cement primarily in the Indian market. We also export white cement to a number of countries, including South Africa, Nigeria, Singapore, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Tanzania, United Arab Emirates and Nepal. JK Water proof is another product from JK Cements Ltd. which is ISI approved. Its a water repellent material in powder form which specially formulated and designed to

49

prevent passage of water through pore and capillaries of the concrete, thereby imparting to concrete an efficient, dependable and durable water proofing protection against rain, ground water, moisture, dampness, humidity etc. JK Water proof is free from chlorides and is based on material which disperses rapidly and makes a homogenous mix with cement. It conforms with IS:2645-1975 (Reaffirmed 1987). JK Water Proof pack is available in 2 different sizes i.e. 1 kg & 25 kg.

PRODUCTION ANALYSIS TABLE : IN TONS Year 1995-96 2000-01 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Clinker 1753970 1627645 3170268 2907196 2917045 3024091 3050050 Cement 1713202 1807573 3511022 3638786 3690726 3646220 4280500

50

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS : IN MILLION Year 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Turnover 11087 15297 18128 18765 22481 PBT 522 2720 3466 2340 3112

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CORPORATE PROFILE : KEYS TO SUCCESS :Customer Satisfaction Always invest in Latest Technology Huge Distribution Network Creation Expansion through Balancing Equipment Constant focus on Cost Control & Quality Invest in Managers & Develop People Skills Stability of Executive Management & Low Employee turnover Social Welfare A Priority

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES : 1. Accounting Concepts : The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention (except for fixed assets which are revalued) on an accrual basis and in accordance with the applicable mandatory Accounting Standards. 2. Fixed Assets : Fixed assets are stated at cost (including expenses related to acquisition and installation) adjusted by revaluation of fixed assets. 3. Investments: Current investments are stated at lower of cost or fair market value. Long term investments are stated at cost after deducting provisions made for permanent diminution in the value, if any.

52

4. Inventories: Inventories are valued at "Cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower". Cost comprises all cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. 'First-in-First-out' or 'Average cost' method is followed for determination of cost. 5.Depreciation: i) Depreciation is provided on straight line method at the rates specified in the Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. ii) Depreciation on additions/deductions to fixed assets is being provided on pro-rata basis from/to the month of acquisition/disposal. iii) Depreciation on additional value of Revalued Assets is provided on the basis of life determined by the valuers. An amount equivalent to depreciation on additional values resulting from revaluation is withdrawn from Revaluation Reserve and credited to Profit & Loss Account. iv) Good will is amortised over a period of ten years. v) Leasehold land is amortised over the period of lease. 6. Retirement Benefits: - The Company's contributions to Provident Fund and Superannuation fund are charged to Profit & Loss Account. Contribution to Gratuity Fund and Provision for Leave encashment are made on the basis of actuarial valuation and charged to Profit & Loss Account. 7. Foreign Exchange Transactions: Foreign currency transactions are accounted at equivalent rupee value earned/incurred. Year-end balance in current assets/liabilities is accounted at applicable rates. 8. Borrowing Cost : Interest and other costs in connection with the borrowing of the funds to the extent related/attributed to the acquisitions/construction of qualifying fixed assets are capitalized upto the date when such assets are ready for its intended use and other borrowing costs are charged to Profit & Loss Account.

53

9. Provision for Current and Deferred Tax: Provision for Current Tax is made on the basis of estimated taxable income for the current accounting period and in accordance with the provisions as per income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred tax resulting from "timing difference" between book and taxable profit for the year is accounted for using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted as on the balance sheet date. The deferred tax asset is recognized and carried forward only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that the assets will be adjusted in future. 10. Miscellaneous Expenditure: Preliminary expenses are amortised over a period of five years from the year of commencement of manufacturing activity. Deferred Revenue Expenses: Expenses on Mines Development/overburden removal is deferred and amortised over a period of Lease/extraction from Mines. 11. Contingent Liabilities : Contingent liabilities are not provided and are disclosed in Notes on Accounts.

54

SALIENT FEATURES :1. First dry process plant in India. 2. Latest process percalcinator technology for clinker 3. UNT II was first PLC controlled cement plant in India 4. Most modern and sophisticated central control room for entire process control form one point . 5. First Fuzzy Logic Control kiln and Cem-scanner for monitoring of Kiln shell temperature in India. 6. On-line quality control by X-ray analyzer 7. First computerized maintenance management system in Indian cement industry 8. Now computerized management system extended to stores, purchase, sales accounts, Personnel functions. 9. Continuous ongoing process of training & development

SIGNIFICANT HAPPENINGS :The key events in respect of the J.K. Synthetics Ltd. Cement Division and the company are us under : 1975 : The grey cement plant at Nimbahera, with an initial capacity of 0.3 MnTPA, commenced commercial production. 1979 : A second production line was added at Nimbahera, increasing the capacity from 0.3 MnTPA to 0.72 MnTPA. 1982 : A third production line was added at Nimbahera, increasing the capacity from 0.72 MnTPA to 1.14 MnTPA.

55

1984 : Lime-based white cement plant was established at Gotan, with an initial capacity of 0.05 MnTPA. 1987 : A captive thermal power plant was installed at Bamania. 1988 : A pre-calciner was installed at Nimbahera, increasing the total capacity to 1.54 MnTPA. 1990 : The JKSL Cement Division instituted "Architect of the Year" award. 1994 : (i) The Company was incorporated. (ii) The "Regional Training Centre" for Northern India, Which was established at the Nimbahera plant of the JKSL Cement Division with aid from the World Bank and the Danish International Development Agency, commenced service. 2000 : The total capacity of the white cement plant at Gotan was increased to 0.3 MnTPA as a result of continous modernization and upgradation. 2001 : A new grey cement plant with a capacity of 0.75 MnTPA was installed at Mangrol. 2004 : (i) The Company acquired the J.K. Synthetics Ltd. Cement Division (ii) The total capacity of the grey cement plant at Nimbahera was increased to 2.8 MnTPA as a result of continous modernization and upgradtion. 2005 : (i) The Company allotted 7,426,950 Equity Shares to the shareholders of J.K. Synthetics Ltd. pursuant to the AAIFR order dated January 23, 2003. (ii) The Company was listed on the BSE. 2006 : (i) The Company has issued/allotted. 2,00,00,000 Equity Shares of Rs. 10/- eac at a price of Rs. 148/- per share for cash to public

56

aggregating Rs. 296 crores on 9th March, 2006. The issue was made through the 100% book building process. (ii) The aforesaid Equity shares of the Company got listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange Ltd, (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE) on 13.03.2006. 2008: The company alloted captive powar plant of 7.5 MW at Gotan Captive use. 2009-10: The company capacity in 09-10 3.25 MTPA increased from previous year capacity 2.8 MTPA.

57

ANNUAL RESULTS A GLIMPSE Annual Results 2010 have been published there by a brief view of Annual Results of Sales, Operating Profits, expenses have been given as in following Income Data coupled with profit and loss statements. Interim results 209-10. Recommended Dividend of Rs. 5.00 per share The Company's performance during the year ended 31st March,09 as against previous year, have also shown substantial improvement and the Net Turnover has increased by 20% (Rs. 4354 crores vs. Rs. 3633 crores) profit before tax increased by 142% (Rs. 1067 crores vs. Rs. 443 crores). The Earning per share increased to Rs. 37.9 as against Rs. 25.5 of 2006-07 The Board of Directors recommend a Dividend of Rs. 5.00 per share. The work on the captive power Projects is in advance stage of completion and 75 MW Power Plant will be commissioned in first week of June, 08. The other power projects would be completed in phases within next 4-5 months time. The company expects substantial savings in power cost upon implementation of these Power projects. The refurbishing of the acquired assets of M/s. Nihon Nirman Ltd. has also started and the plant is expected to put into operation in January, 2008. The work on the new green filed cement Plant at Mudhol, Karnataka has also been initiated, and commissioned in December, 2008.

58

The company net profit multiplied by almost seven times from 32.56 crores in 2005-06 to 224.55 crores in 2009-10.

MARKETING DEPARTMENT MARKETING DEPARTMENT SET UP SALES DEPARTMENT SET UP

59

MARKETING DEPARTMENT OF J.K. CEMENT:-

60

SALES DEPARTMENT SET UP AND DISTRIBUTION WORK

SALES DEPARTMENT NIMBAHERA PLANT:V.P.(WORKS) AT NIMBAHERA PLANT

G.M.(WORKS)

D.G.M.(MARKETING)

Sr. MANAGER (MARKETING)

MANAGER (MARKETING)

Dr. MANAGER (MARKETING)

ASST. MANAGER (MARKETING)

Sr. OFFICER (MARKETING)

OFFICER (MARKETING)

61

CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION
Channel of distribution can be viewed as sets of independent organization involved in the Process of making a product or service available for use or consumption Direct party sale In direct party sale manufacturer selling directly to the final consumer Cement manufacturer Govt & private institutions or individuals (in bulk demand)

Sale through Depot (Trade sale)

Cement manufactur er

Market Depot

Dealers

Sub dealer /Retailer

Consume r

Direct party

Cement manufacturer

Market Depot

Party /Customer

62

PRICE DYNAMICS
Pricing decision for most of the products is risky, ill-defined and unstructured decision. At the same time, pricing determines the very viability of any marketing programmer because the demand and sales revenue depends on the price in partially controlled economy like ours; flexibility in pricing is somewhat limited. A variety of social objective come in to play.

BASES OF PRICING
What are prices based on? in a planned economy, prices can be based on needs, on cost or on market needs based pricing is mainly found in case of social services, cost based pricing is found mainly in contract selling to government ,project pricing, market pricing. Market based pricing is practiced by most consumer packed goods manufacturer by small retailers. Many firms follows pricing strategy which is some mix of market based and full cost pricing.

LAW OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Law of demand and supply says that when supply is more and demand is less, naturally prices should fall & vice-versa. the demand for cement varies seasonally e g in the rainy season the demand falls due to perishable nature of cement, however cement company continuously produces it Market get flooded with cement and there are no purchaser hence the price of cement in the rainy season falls. The situation is completely different in summer season. Due to reduction in the stock of water in Dams, the power generation electric power raised by the cement plants. This result in loss of production if cement demand is more than the supply in the summer season as the construction companies in full swing.

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TECHONOLOGICAL AND MARKETING RELATED FACTORS.

If the cement company is bringing new improved machinery & technology than naturally it adds to initial project cost. The market policy used by the company also governs the price. If the company adopts aggressive policy , spends a lot on advertising ,sales promotion then naturally price per bag will increased adoption of ISO 9000 system will also add to the cost of the cement .

DISTANCE OF THE MARKET PLACE FROM THE PLANT

If market place is in core area (0 to 200 km radius) then transportation cost will be least. In fringe area (200 to 350 km radius) the transport cost will be relatively higher. In an area of (350 to 500 km radius), the price will get jacked up due to more expenditure involved in transport.

PACKING MATERIAL
The type of packing material commonly used is HDEP, HDPP. Paper is costlier the HDEP so the price may vary on the basis of packing material.

STORING MATERIAL
One company may adopt German multi compartment silo system for storing various types of cement of manufacturers at one place. This system helps bypass the shutdown of the plant ,as different cement like SRC, PPC,OPC etc can be manufactured as per convenience and supplied to the customers account of shut down cost. These days normal trend is to grind the cement finger to get advantage of higher early strength. Extra grinding costs naturally add to cost of cement per bag.

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PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
The quality of cement manufacturing in India is improving day by day. Today for different end applications consumers can get following types of cement. Ordinary Portland Cement Pozzolana Portland Cement Blastfurnace Cement Sulphate Resisting Cement Masonry Cement Super Sulphate Cement

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OFFICES OF JK CEMENT HAS COVER A MASSIVE AREA IN INDIA

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Developing Marketing Strategy by Knowing Market share and promotional scheme of JK Cement Works
Market share, in strategic management and marketing is, according to Carlton O'Neal, the percentage or proportion of the total available market or market segment that is being serviced by a company. It can be expressed as a company's sales revenue (from that market) divided by the total sales revenue available in that market. It can also be expressed as a company's unit sales volume (in a market) divided by the total volume of units sold in that market. It is generally necessary to commission market research (generally desk/secondary research to determine, although sometimes primary) to estimate the total market size and a company's market share. Increasing market share is one of the most important objectives of business. The main advantage of using market share as a measure of business performance is that it is less dependent upon macro environmental variables such as the state of the economy or changes in tax policy. However, increasing market share may be dangerous for makers of fungible hazardous products, particularly products sold into the United States market, where they may be subject to market shares liability.

Promotion Scheme
Promotion is the third P of the marketing mix, a pre-eminent and integral channel to communicate to the consumers. Such an eclectic amalgam of activities is this third segment of the marketing mix that just like the marketing mix, there is a promotion mix as well, which is inclusive of both direct and indirect methods to bring the brand communication forward to the target market and shape the positioning of the brand and the company. Precisely, there are two types of promotion methods. One set of methods deals with the direct mode of promotion while the other strategy aims for the oblique and indirect methods. The direct methods are inclusive of some of the most conventional and well-known methods, the most popular of which is advertising. Then follows personal selling (used mostly in pharmaceutical companies), publicity, attractive displays (kiosks), special event sales and manufacturer's aids. Coming to the indirect styles of promotion, they are the more unconventional and not so popular yet

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effective methods. In the recent years, these methods have managed to reach a large number of target audiences in a cost-effective manner. These indirect methods of communication include public relations, customer relations, customer services,

Objectives of promotion
Promotion tools are varies in their specific objectives. A free sample stimulates consumer trial, whereas a free management-advisory service aims at cementing a long term relationship with a retailer. Sellers use incentive type of sale promotion to attract new tries, to reward loyal customers, and to increase the repurchase rates of occasional users. Sales promotions often attract brand switchers, who are primarily looking for low price, good value or premiums. If some of them would not have otherwise tried the brand, promotion can yield long-term increases in market share. Sales promotions in market of high brand similarity can produce high sales responses in the short run but little permanent gain in brand preference over the longer term. In market of high brand similarity, they may be able to alter market share permanently. In addition to brand switching, consumers may engagee in stockpiling purchasing earlier than usual or purchasing extra quantities

Promotional Tools
Manufacture use a number of trade promotion tools as follows; 1. Price-off- A straight discount off the list price on each case purchased during a stated time period. 2. Allowance- An amount offered in return for the retailers agreeing to feature the manufacturers product in some way. Advertising allowances compensate retailers for advertising the manufacturers product. A display allowance compensates them for carrying a special product display. 3. Free Goods- Offer of extra cases of merchandise to intermediaries who buy a certain quantity or who feature a certain flavor or size.

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4. Trade Shows and convention- industry association organize annual trade and conventions. Business marketers may spend as much as 35% of their promotion budget on trade shows. Over 5,600 range from a new place every year, drawing approximately 80 million attendees. 5. Sales Contest- A sales contest aims at including the sales force or dealers to increase their sales results over a stated period, with prizes (money, trips, gifts, points) going to those who succeed.
6. Specialty Advertising- Specialty advertising consists of useful, low-cost items bearing the companys name and address, and sometimes an advertising message that sales people give to prospects and customers.

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3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The main objective of a research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered. According to advance learners dictionary of current English the definition of research is:- A careful investigation or enquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge R - RATIONAL WAY OF THINKING E -EXPERT AND EXHAUSTIVE TREATMENT S -SEARCH FOR SOLUTION E -EXACTNESS A -ANALYTICAL R -RELATIONSHIP OF FACTS C -CAREFUL RECORDING H -HONESTY AND HARDWORK

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3.1 TITLE OF THE STUDY

MANUFACTURING PROCESS & PRICE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS CEMENT BRANDS.

3.2 DURATION OF THE PROJECT STUDY

My project study duration is 45 days.

3.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

(i) To find out the brand performance of J.K. Cement in the market. (ii) To find out the problems of dealers and retailers in the business with this brand/company. ( iii) To find out the scope of expansion of business by providing more new dealerships.
(iv) To compare the major cement brands in terms of Price, Preference, Quality, Packing and Colour.

(v) To compare the advertisement strategy of the various cement brands. (vi) To know which attribute of cement consumer prefer more (vii) By which medium consumer know about the cement and on whom they trust more in selection of cement in there construction

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RESEARCH:
Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. One can also define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. In fact, research is an act of scientific investigation. The advanced learners Dictionary of Current English lays down the meaning of research as a careful investigation or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge. A careful investigation or enquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge. It is an academic activity which contributes to the existing stock of knowledge, making for its advancement. It comprises of: data collection, observation, comparison, interpretation and findings. It refers to a systematic method of enunciating the problem. Thus when we talk about research or research methodology we not only talk about research method but also consider the logic behind it.

3.5 TYPE OF RESEARCH

It is a plan of action to be carried out in connection with the research project. It is the guideline for the researcher to enable him to keep track of his action and to know weather he was moving in the right direction or not. It is the framework or plan for a study that is used as guide in collecting and analyzing the data. It is the blue print that is followed in completing a study. There are various types of research with its pros and cons. Each is meant for its specific purpose. Hence here in this project, I used the descriptive type of research.

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3.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

A big boom has been witnessed in Cement Industry in resent times. A large number of new players have entered the market and trying to gain market share in this rapidly improving market. The research was carried on in Nimbahera. I had been sent at one of the branch ofJK CEMENT where I completed my Project work. I surveyed on my ProjectTopicMANUFACTURING PROCESS & PRICE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS CEMENT BRANDS on the visiting customers of CEMENT. the Nimbahera Branch of JK

ADOPTED RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AS FOLLOWS:-

Sample size

DealersRetailers

6 14

Contractors 10 Total Sampling units Sampling procedure Research design Data collection method Research instrument Type of questionnaire Type of question Chittorgarh Judgement sampling Exploratory Survey Questionnaire Structured Close and open ended 30

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Area covered .

Dealers, Retailers and contractor

3.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The research conduct was limited to chittorgarh region only. Due to time constraints, more time could not be devoted to individual respondent. Due to unwillingness of providing any information, the respondents filled the questionnaire casually which might have effected the conclusion. Marketing manager being busy with his job. He was not able to spare enough time for our proper guidance. A busy schedule of dealers / retailers also makes the collection of information a very difficult one. Full district was not covered as this is very tedious job to be done in 7 days. However almost all main areas of the district were covered. The projections are purely based on verbal meetings and may be influenced by unprecedented factors. was a big problem in this survey.

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4. FINDINGS & FACTS

It can be concluded from the study through model JK Cement has a good brand image in the dealers mind in chittorgarh. It is not easily available on demand which places the company at the disadvantage which compared with lack vendors. This problem which can be improved by the strength and the distribution network of JK Cement Works & Supply. Dealers are of the opinion that among all the media television is the most powerful media followed by the hoarding and wall painting which every common man can see. So company should have to utilize then as much as possible. I found company is poor in providing services such as timely small deliveries regular visits and gift items etc. The company should focus more on sales promotion, advertisement and public relation. Network spread of JK Cement is very high in chittorgarh can be this as its strength. If check out the satisfaction level of dealers with respect to quality of JK Cement then we find that 85% dealers are told that it has excellent quality. So company can also see this as its strength compare to other brand in market. Dealers opinion regarding price is Favoring JK & Its Get 1st rank in all six-brand. Its price is reasonable according to quality its also satisfy the dealer. It was found company has very good Brand Image in dealers mind. Dealers are satisfy with the price.
It was found that company is lacking in Supply.

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5.DATA ANALYSIS &INTERPRETATION

PRICE ANALYSIS AND DISCOUNT RATE SALES PROMOTION AND ADVERTISMENT MARKET SHARE

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DATA INTERPRETATION
PRICE ANALYSIS AND DISCOUNT RATE OF VARIOUS CEMENT BRANDS :-

250 200 150 100 50 0 J.K. BIRLA BINANI BANGUR COMPANY PRICE WHOLE SALES PRICE CASH DISCOUNT

WHOLE SALES COMPANY PRICE J.K. BIRLA BINANI 206 210 203 PRICE 202 205 200 CASH DISCOUNT 4 5 3

BANGUR 202 200 2 According to pie chart shows j.k.cement gives more cash discount to whole saler for more bulk purchasing in compare to another industries.

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SALES PROMOTION AND ADVERTISMENT STATUS OF VARIOUS CEMENT BRANDS IN CHITTORGARH REGION :-

80% 60% 40% 20% 0% SALESPROMOTION SALESPROMOTION AVERSTISMENT

J.K. BIRLA BINANI BANGUR

SALES PROMOTION 36% 80% 66% 58%

AVERSTISMENT 15% 65% 60% 52%

% 0-25 25-50 50-75 75-100

STATUS POOR GOOD VERY GOOD EXCELLENT

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This diagram shows the comparative study of advertisement ratio of various cement industries. We can notice that the JK cement industry invest less money in advertisement as compare to other cement industries.

MARKET SHARE OF VARIOUS BRANDS IN CHITTORGARH REGION :-

S ales

J.K. BIRLA BINANI BANGUR OTHERS

BRAND J.K. BIRLA BINANI BANGUR

Sales 30% 40% 20% 7%

3% OTHERS According to pie chart sales ratio of jk cement in comparison of other brands in market is
higher.

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Q. WHAT IS THE TOTAL SCORE OF JK CEMENT IN INDIAN MARKET?

according to above shown pie-chart we can analyse that J.K. cement have 12% share in Indian market.

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Q. WHAT ARE THE PREFRENCES OF JK CEMENT IN CEMENT MARKET?

From above chart we have analysed that the JK cement have less preference as compare to other cement industries.

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Q.Cement consumption in the Indian market divided by region wise cement consumption?

According to pie chart cement consumption in the all over Indian market is very good and cement is consumed in all region in construction.

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Q.What are the cement industries uses to their production to despatch them to their customers?

According to pie chart cement production despatch by road 62%,rail 36% and by sea is less then others 2%.So the conclusion of the analysis despatch of cement production road modes is perfereable in comparasion to others modes.

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MAJOR CEMENT PRODUCING STATES IN INDIA

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SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS :1. J.K. CEMENT possess good brand image in the existing markets which is definitely a par of pavement brick for it. 2.Locatin has always been and important factor in Rajasthan extensive (about 2500 mt) of cement grade limestone available. 3.Sound financial position with adequate profits and capital assets base. 4.Good plant having 10000 tons per day production capacity
5.In the coming few years the demand for the cement will increase which will be booming news for cement manufactures.

6Environment friendly and biodegradable characteristic are considered as best option.

WEAKNESSES
1. Low sales as compared to market potential. The market potential of the Udaipur market is high but as compared to it the sales of J.K. Cement is low. 2.Lack of self enthusiasm in the working pattern of the executives as a result the aggressiveness towards sales is low. 3.High complaints of quality deterioration in J.K. super brand. 4.Less advertisement and negligible sales promotion schemes as compared to other brands. 5High capital cost and investment cost for each and every project. 6.The complex Excise Duty structure based on the category of buyer and end use of the cement has caused at lot of confusion in the industry. 7. Monopoly of dealers is affecting the sales.

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OPPORTUNITIES :1.India is the second larges producer of cement after China but is per capita consumption is very low i.e. around one third of world average and substantially lower as compared to per cpita cement consumption of developing countries. 2.With demand expected to grow at around 8 9 %, additional capacity of 12 million tons per annum will be required to match the damand. With limited green field capacity addition in pipeline for next two years, country is heading towards more favourable demand supply scenario. 3.Explosion of quality yet to be displayd to capture large customers. 4.Competitive prices and may increase the discount and margin structure for retailers and dealers.
5 Adequate support from the Government is very essential to promote business activities. 6.Increase in the production and sell of cement at different plants have increased the turnover of the company.

THREATS :1.However, with the increased margins there is a possibility of over bunching of capacities in the long term as some of the players have already announced new capacities and the pace of capacity addition may be higher than demand growth. 2.There are many dealers of low profile may cause a loss product performance to grow and prosper. 3.Price flucturatins and price war is general phenomena in the cement industry.
4.Increased railway freight, coal prices and dispatch bottlenecks on account of truck Loading restrictions imposed by various State Governments 5.Scarcities of good quality Coal are some other factors which are cause of concern for the industry.

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SUGGESTION &RECOMENDATION
A company would be wise to measure customer satisfactions regularly the Company can increase the role of the retailer by considering their key to customer retention is customer satisfaction. suggestions or complaints about service or product, so that necessary action can be taken. Review meetings should be often held so that the working pattern of the Executives need to be more self-enthusiastic and aggressive towards Company representatives should visit retailers and should make a long Since customer are value maxi miser and their expectation to this brand is Executives can be checked and improved if needed. sales for these appraisals should be given to those executives who worked hard. term relationship with the retailer so that they can push the product. high, as the brand image shows their complaints should be attended immediately to make then remain brand loyal. It should be checked that the non- trade consignment is not sold in the Since transportation forms the major part of the cement cost, market market, so that is does not disturb the retail price of the market. potential of the region should be properly accessed so that emphasis can be more on high retention zone, which can be done by employing more authorized retailers. Stockiest should be convinced to pass the incentives to the retailers so that they are motivated to promote this brand. Company should increase the promotional and advertisement activities for giving the popularity to the product. Company should set the policy on pricing. There should be certain time period for increment and decrement in the pricing. Company should also give the prior information for this to dealers and retailers. There should be proper loading facility in the plant and out side the plant, delivery of goods should be on time.

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 Top management and executives should maintain proper communication with dealers and retailers. Increase the number of dealers and retailers as this will help in making high sales volume. Cash discount should be competitive and luring. Try to remove dealers monopoly.

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6. CONCLUSION
Cement is still a selling product in country like India. It is the company who has to find the market and go the prospect rather then the client directly approaching to the company. The opening up of the sector has also resulted in stiff competition as many private companies are entering in. so it becomes very important to be the best out of the market . This , the company can achieve by offering value added services to the customers by giving them maximum benefits. Company is trying to given more assured returns to the investors. Mostly products are based on the NAV or they unit Linked so awareness, knowledge and brand image of the will be product the first priority for the company.

The most of the market of7 district chittorgarh is covered by JK Cement, Birla and binanicement. For increasing company good will and esteem many of the retailers suggests to Low price and Availability of time.

Contractors and Masson are the most influencing factors during purchasing of cement.

The Wall painting and little bit hoarding is the effective media foe advertisement.

Most of the consumers are well known about JK Cement sarvasaktiman and super. Customers are well satisfied by quality and services provided by T.C.S.

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APPENDIX: Q.1 What is the overall performance and operations of J. K. cements ? Q.2 What are the under going project in progress ? Q.3 What is the performance measurement and review of J. K. cement in FY 2011 as compared to the FY 2010 ? Q.4 What is the outlook of the Cement Industry with respect to J.K. Cement ? Q.5 What is the Industry structure and development perspective with respect to gray cement & white cement ? Q.6 What is the segment wise and product wise performance of J.K. Cement ? Q.7 How Internet Control system and adequacy helps in further strengthening the overall performance of the company ? Q.8 How far Human resources measurement help in J.K. Cement Performance ? Q.9 What are the Significant Accounting policies being adopted in J.K. Cement ?

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BIBLIOGRAPHY: BOOKS
Marketing management Principles of marketing Business research method Marketing research Statistics Cement Kotler Philip Kotler Philip Cooper and Schindler Beri G .C. Gupta S.C journal of CMA

NEWSPAPERS

Business Line . Economic Times.

WEBSITES www.google.com www.jkcement.org.in

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