The World Bank

Transport and Urban Development Department

TUDTR

ROad Cost Knowledge System

ROCKS

FINAL REPORT
ROAD WORKS CLASSIFICATION DATA COLLECTION FORM

INPUT DAT A

DISBURSEMENTS MODULE

ROCKS DATABASES
ICRARACAIBRDINDATHAAPOLABGDAARMAGHAAUGAA

VIEW MODULE

STATISTICS MODULE

OUTPUT REPORT STATISTIC DATA S S AVERAGE RANG AND UNIT E COSTS

Alberto Nogales Rodrigo Archondo -Callao Anil Bhandari June 2002

The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this document are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The ROCKS system was developed in the Transport Unit TUDTR of the World Bank by a team led by Anil Bhandari and comprising Rodrigo ArchondoCallao and Alberto Nogales under the direction of John Flora, Director of the Transport and Urban Development Department. This initiative was funded by the Dutch Trust Fund TF038504. The system benefited from the inputs of an Advisory Group comprising Alain Labeau, Antti Talvitie, Cesar Queiroz, Christopher Hoban, Terje Wolden, and William D.O. Patterson. Assistance from staff of TUDTR, particularly, Benedictus Eijbergen, Jerry Lebo, Mirtha Araujo, Tipawan Bhutaprateep, and Barbara A. Gregory, is also acknowledged. Strategic guidance was received from the Transport Sector Managers: Eva Molnar, Guang Zhe Chen, Jitendra Bajpai, Jose Luis Irigoyen, and Maryvonne Plessis-Fraissard; and overall advice and support from the following transport staff in headquarters and in the regions: A. K. Swaminathan, Alok Nath Bansal, Amer Durrani, Chinnakorn Chantra, Elena Kastlerova, Gevorg Sargsyan, Imogene R. Jensen, Jean-Charles Crochet, Kazi Mahbub-Al Matin, Labite Victorio Ocaya, Mohi Uz Zaman Quazi, Natarajan Raman, Nga Thi Quynh Dang, Ramiz Al-Assar, Robert Kietlinski, Sally L. Burningham, Stein Lundebye, Sujit Das, Tawia Addo-Ashong, Thach Ngoc Phan, Yitzhak A. Kamhi, and Zhi Liu. A selected group of road agencies contributed to the development of the system, provided access to the data, and tested the system: the Roads SSCC Agency in Armenia, the Roads and Highways Department RHD in Bangladesh, the Ghana Highway Authority GHA; the Central Road Research Institute CRRI, and National Highways Authority NHAI in India, the Department of Public Works and Highways DPWH in the Philippines, the General Directorate of Public Roads GDDP in Poland, the Department of Highways DOH in Thailand, the Road Agency Formation Unit RAFU in Uganda, and the Planning and Investment Department of the Ministry of Transport in Vietnam.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Section II. USERS MANUAL
1. OVERVIEW 1.1. Background 1.2. Objective 1.3. Key Concepts 1.4. ROCKS Components 1.5. ROCKS Dissemination Package 1.6. System Development Status 1.7. Basic Reference Source for Definitions and Abbreviations 2. FRAMEWORK KEY CONCEPTS 2.1. Concept 1. Road Works Classification 2.2. Concept 2. Unit Cost per Length and Unit Cost per Area 2.3. Concept 3. Minimum Data Requirements 2.4. Concept 4. Alternative Classes of Input Data 2.5. Concept 5. Single Currency and Single Reference Date 3. INPUT REQUIREMENTS AND OUTPUTS 3.1. System Requirements 3.2. Data Input Requirements 3.3. Data Collection and Technical Qualifications 3.4. Sample Outputs 4. DATABASE MANUAL 4.1. The Database file, entries, and meaning of colors 4.2. Database Sections 5. DISBURSEMENTS MODULE 5.1. Description 5.2. Disbursements Module Instructions 6. VIEW MODULE 6.1. Description 6.2. View Module Instructions 6.3. Sample View and Outputs 7. STATISTICS MODULE 7.1. Description 7.2. Statistics Module Instructions 7.3. Sample Set of Reports ALPHABETICAL INDEX ANNEX 1. Set of Statistics Reports i 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 6 7 7 9 10 10 10 10 11 14 14 16 39 39 40 42 42 44 45 48 48 50 51 53

RO Cost Knowledge System ROad

ROCKS SECTION I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I. INTRODUCTION

Road agencies, contractors, consultants and financial institutions require road costs information, which in general is locally available, but many times this information is scattered, proprietary of some organizations, and collected in unsystematic and unstructured ways. These entities need to assess costs differences among states and regions, but no framework to compare road costs exists. In 1999, in response to this demand, the World Bank made a first attempt to collect this information from 67 Implementation Completion Reports of Bankfinanced projects that were implemented in the period 1995 1999. The study (2000) found that the level of detail provided in these type of documents was limited and that there is a worldwide need for a framework to collect this type of information. Consequently, the Bank decided to develop a simple system to collect road costs and to explore other sources of information.

II.

SUMMARY OF RESULTS AND PRODUCTS

With the funds provided by the Dutch Trust Fund (TF038504), and primarily based on the experience of Bank staff and the information contained in roads and highways projects in selected road agencies in developing countries, the Transport Unit of the World Bank developed the ROad Costs Knowledge System (ROCKS). The main objective of the system is to develop an international knowledge system on road work costs to be used primarily in developing countries to establish an institutional memory, and obtain average and range unit costs based on historical data that could ultimately improve the reliability of new cost estimates and reduce the risks generated by cost overruns. The main outputs of this initiative are the following five products: PRODUCT 1. The ROCKS Framework is based on five key concepts that characterize the system, and provide the foundation to achieve its objective and intended outputs.

The first concept seeks to systematically classify the different road work types and predominant work activities in order to be able to organize them and match them with typical civil works contracts. The road works have been classified in two categories: Preservation and Development. The details on work classes, types and predominant work activities are presented in the tables below.

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page i of xiv

 the second, defines a shared concept of unit cost as the fundamental cost element, and depending on the type of work suggests to use $/km, or $/m2; the third concept, establishes a minimum set of data requirements that is generally available in any country and that allows the system to work; the fourth concept seeks to add flexibility to the system by defining a set of highly recommended data, and a series of optional data that allow the users to select the levels of detail or criteria to be used, and adapt the system to their needs and data available, and the fifth concept suggests to collect the data on any currency and reference date, but to convert all data to a single currency and a single reference year to allow for data comparisons.
Concept 1.
Predominant Work Activity for Preservation Works
Work Category Preservation Work Class Routine Work Type Routine Maintenance Predominant Work Activity Recommended Unit Cost $/km-year Alternative Unit Cost

Routine Maintenance 1L Road Routine Maintenance Unsealed 2L Highw ay Routine Maintenance Block 2L Highw ay Routine Maintenance Bitum inous 2L Highw ay Routine Maintenance Concrete 2L Highw ay Routine Maintenance Bitum inous >2L Highw ay Routine Maintenance Concrete >2L Highw ay Routine Maintenance Bitum inous Expressw ay Routine Maintenance Concrete Expressw ay Light Grading Heavy Grading Regravelling Concrete Pavem Preventive Treatm ent ent Fog Seal Rejuvenation Slurry Seal or Cape Seal Single Surface Treatm ent Double Surface Treatm ent Triple Surface Treatm ent Asphalt Overlay <40 m m Asphalt Overlay 40 to 59 m m Asphalt Overlay 60 to 79 m m Asphalt Overlay 80 to 99 m m Asphalt Overlay >99 m m Mill and Replace Bonded Concrete Overlay Unbounded Concrete Overlay Concrete Slab Replacem ent Concrete Slab Repair Concrete Diam Grinding ond Reconstruction Unsealed Reconstruction Block Reconstruction Bitum inous Reconstruction Concrete

Periodic

Grading Gravel Resurfacing Concrete Pavement Preventive Treatment Bituminous Pavement Preventive Treatment Surface Treatment Resurfacing

$/km $/m2 $/m2 $/m2 $/m2 $/km $/km $/km $/km

Asphalt Mix Resurfacing Rehabilitation Strengthening

$/m2 $/m2

$/km $/km

Concrete Pavement Restoration Reconstruction

$/m2

$/km

$/m2

$/km

Number of Lanes

1L - One Lane 2L - Two Lane

4L - Four Lane 6L - Six Lane

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page ii of xiv

Concept 1.

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page iii of xiv

Concept 2.

Predominant Work Activity for Development Works

Work Category Development Work Class Improvement Work Type Partial Widening Predominant Work Activity Recommended Unit Cost $/km

Partial Widening to Unsealed 2L Partial Widening to Block 2L Partial Widening to Bitum inous 2L Partial Widening to Concrete 2L Partial Widening to Unsealed 2L and Reconstruction Partial Widening to Block 2L and Reconstruction Partial Widening to Bitum inous 2L and Reconstruction Partial Widening to Concrete 2L and Reconstruction W idening Adding Bitum inous 1L W idening Adding Bitum inous 2L W idening Adding Bitum inous 4L W idening Adding Concrete 1L W idening Adding Concrete 2L W idening Adding Concrete 4L W idening Adding Bitum inous 1L and Reconstruction W idening Adding Bitum inous 2L and Reconstruction W idening Adding Bitum inous 4L and Reconstruction W idening Adding Concrete 1L and Reconstruction W idening Adding Concrete 2L and Reconstruction W idening Adding Concrete 4L and Reconstruction Upgrading Unsealed to Unsealed 2L Highw ay Upgrading Unsealed to Block 2L Highw ay Upgrading Unsealed to Bitum inous 2L Highw ay Upgrading Unsealed to Concrete 2L Highw ay Upgrading Block to Bitum inous 2L Highw ay Upgrading Block to Concrete 2L Highw ay NewUnsealed 1L Road NewBlock 1L Road NewBitum inous 1L Road NewConcrete 1L Road NewUnsealed 2L Highw ay NewBlock 2L Highw ay NewBitum inous 2L Highw ay NewConcrete 2L Highw ay NewBitum inous 4L Highw ay NewConcrete 4L Highw ay NewBitum inous 6L Highw ay NewConcrete 6L Highw ay NewBitum inous 4L Expressw ay NewConcrete 4L Expressw ay NewBitum inous 6L Expressw ay NewConcrete 6L Expressw ay

Partial Widening and Reconstruction

$/km

Widening

$/km

Widening and Reconstruction

$/km

Upgrading

$/km

New Construction

New 1L Road

$/km

New 2L Highway

$/km

New 4L Highway New 6L Highway New 4L Expressway New 6L Expressway Number of Lanes 1L - One Lane 2L - Two Lane 4L - Four Lane 6L - Six Lane

$/km $/km $/km $/km

CONCEPT: UNIT COST PER LENGTH & UNIT COST PER AREA It includes It does not include all civil works costs: other agency costs: Mobilization Pavement -Drainage Design Major Structures - Line markings Contingencies Taxes Land Acquisition Resettlement Supervision

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page iv of xiv

Concepts 3 and 4.

ROCKS - ROad Costs Knowledge System Version 2.0 (09/09/02)

Sections 1 through 5 - Cost and Work Description
Record Country State, Department or Province User Classification 1 User Classification 2 User Classification 3 World Region: Project or Source Name Section Report Type Report Location Cost Date Cost Source Currency Code Cost Financing BID Type Construction Method Taxes (Y/N) Work Description Work Type Work Predominant Activity Base Cost (M$) Physical Contingencies (M$) Price Contingencies (M$) Total Cost (M$)

Cost Type US$ Exchange Rate Contract Type Contractor Type Economic Cost Factor Contingencies (Y/N)

Section 6 - Road Work Cost per Length

Length (km) Duration (months) Total Cost per Kilometer ($/km) Total Cost per Kilometer (2000 US$/km)

Section 7 - Road Work Cost per Area

Total Cost per Carriageway Area ($/m2) Total Cost per Carriageway Area (2000 US$/m2)

Section 8 - Road Work Characteristics

Pavement Width (m) Shoulder Width (mm) Number of Lanes Resurfacing Layer Thickness (mm) Depth of Milling (mm) Surface Thickness (mm) Base Thickness (mm) Subbase Thickness (mm) Structural Number Terrain Type Mobilization (%) Demolition and Site Clearance (%) Earthworks (%) Drainage,P Works,Culv.&Min. Bridges (%) Major Bridges and Structures (%) Accesses and Junctions (%) Pavement Courses (%) Shoulder Works (%) Line Markings and Signs (%) Environment (%) Dayworks (%) Other (%) Contingencies (%) Taxes (%) Total (%) Labor (%): Materials (%): Equipment (%): Total (%): Foreign Currency (%): Land Acquisition (%): Resettlement (%): Land Acquisition & Resettlement (%): Minimum and Required Data Set Climate Type Pavement Type Surface Class Surface Type Surface Material Base Material Patching or Crack Sealing Unit Cost ($/m2) Patching or Crack Seal. Quantity (m2/km-year) Spot Regravelling or Regravell. Unit Cost ($/m3) Spot Regravelling Quantity (m3/km-year)

Section 9 - Road Work Cost Details (% of Road Work Cost)

Drainage and Protective Works(%) Culverts and Minor Bridges (%) Subbase (%) Base (%) Subbase and Base (%) Surface (%)

Foreign Currency Code Design (%): Supervision (%):

Section 10 - Other Additional Road Agency Costs (% of Road Work Cost)

Highly Recommended Data Set

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page v of xiv

PRODUCT 2. The ROCKS Components consists of a Database, and a set of three complementary Modules to view the information collected, and generate statistics. The modules were designed as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets to make sure that they are accessible to any road agency in any region of the world.

ROCKS Database. It is the main element of the system and the primary tool to collect and input the data. It also includes detailed instructions provided in the Users Manual. ROCKS View Module. This module can be used to filter, sort, view and print the information stored in the ROCKS Databases. ROCKS Statistics Module. It is used to filter, generate statistical reports, and analyze the information stored in the ROCKS Databases. ROCKS Disbursements Module. It is a tool to translate a series of actual current disbursements into a single constant cost for a selected base year.
PRODUCT 3. The ROCKS Development Network was identified and established ROAD WORKS by the World Bank Transport Unit with a selected group of road agencies worldwide CLASSIFICATIO in order to further develop the system and properly test its features. N In DATA November 2001 the first version of the system was tested, installed and INPU DISBURSEMENTS staff from the road agencies were trained in five countries (Bangladesh, India, COLLECTION T MODULE Thailand, Viet Nam, Philippines) in the South Asia (SAR) and East Asia and FORM DAT the Pacific (EAP) Regions. A

In March 2002 an improved second version was installed and tested in four ROCKS DATABASES countries (Ghana, Uganda, Poland, Armenia) in the Africa (AFR) and Eastern ICRARACAIBRDINDATHAAPOLABGDAARMAGHAAUGAA Europe and Central Asia (ECA) regions.
All these road agencies that have contributed to this effort have designated a contact person to provide access to the required data and to coordinate activities to further develop the system (see table below). VIEW MODULE STATISTICS MODULE COUNTRY
Armenia Bangladesh Ghana India Philippines Poland Thailand Uganda Vietnam

AGENCY
Armenia Roads SSCC RHD Roads and Highways Department GHA Ghana HighwayDATA REPORTS OUTPUT Authority CRRI Central RoadSTATISTICS Research Institute and NHAI DPWH Department of Public Works & Highways GDDP General Directorate of Public Roads DOH Department of Highways AVERAGE AND RAFU Road Agency Formation Unit RANGE Ministry of Transport Planning & Investment Depart. UNIT COSTS

Contact
Hakob Petrosyan M. Abdul Quadir James A. N. Klu D. Mukhopadhyay Anita Correa Elzbieta Nowicka Apirak Sucharit D. Luyimbazi Nguyen Danh Hai

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page vi of xiv

PRODUCT 3. The ROCKS Development Network was identified and established by the World Bank Transport Unit with a selected group of road agencies worldwide in order to further develop the system and properly test its features.

In November 2001 the first version of the system was tested, installed and staff from the road agencies were trained in five countries (Bangladesh, India, Thailand, Viet Nam, Philippines) in the South Asia (SAR) and East Asia and the Pacific (EAP) Regions. In March 2002 an improved second version was installed and tested in four countries (Ghana, Uganda, Poland, Armenia) in the Africa (AFR) and Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA) regions.
All the road agencies that have contributed to this effort have designated a contact person to provide access to the required data and to coordinate activities to further develop the system (see table below).

EX ISTIN RO G CKS D ELO EN N EV PM T ETW RK O

India Bangladesh

SAR

Viet Nam Thailand Philippines

EAP

Uganda Ghana

AFR

Arm enia Poland

ECA

SYSTEMTESTIN - D G ATA CO LLECTIO D N ATA U SER PARTN D ELO ER EV PER

TH W RLDBAN TRAN RT U IT E O K SPO N

Sy e D sig &D ve m n st m e n e lop e t D t Colle ion &D t Con aa ct aa solid t a ion Roa Ag n Tra in d e cy in g
AGENCY
Armenia Roads SSCC RHD Roads and Highways Department GHA Ghana Highway Authority CRRI Central Road Research Institute and NHAI DPWH Department of Public Works & Highways GDDP General Directorate of Public Roads DOH Department of Highways RAFU Road Agency Formation Unit Ministry of Transport Planning & Investment Depart.

COUNTRY
Armenia Bangladesh Ghana India Philippines Poland Thailand Uganda Vietnam

Contact
Hakob Petrosyan M. Abdul Quadir James A. N. Klu D. Mukhopadhyay Anita Correa Elzbieta Nowicka Apirak Sucharit David Luyimbazi Nguyen Danh Hai

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page vii of xiv

PRODUCT 4. The ROCKS Worldwide Database created with data collected primarily from World Bank financed projects has more than 1,500 records. All data has been compiled into a single file that it is available and provides the basis for future data collection. Description of the Data in the consolidated Database WORLD. Sources of Information: Mainly from World Bank Implementation Completion Reports, Project Appraisal Documents, and actual Civil Works Contracts, but also from Project Supervision Reports, Pavement Management Information Systems, and Procurement and Disbursements Reports. There are 433 records for Programs and 1,079 records for Sections, with a very good distribution between the number of estimates, contracts and actuals.
COST TYPES Number of Records Percentage Estimates 554 37% Contracts 554 37% Actuals 404 27%

The existing database has data from 65 developing countries. For the majority of countries only a few lines of data are available, and for some others such as Brazil, Chile, Russia, Poland, Ghana, Uganda, India, Thailand, Philippines and Bangladesh, there is a large set of data.
Albania Algeria Argentina Armenia Bangladesh Barbados Bolivia Botswana Brazil Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Costa Rica Cyprus Dominican Republic Estonia Fiji Ghana Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras India Indonesia Jamaica Kazakhstan Latvia Lebanon Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Mauritius Mexico Morocco Nepal Nicaragua Nigeria Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Peru Philippines Poland Romania Russian Federation Samoa Sierra Leone Spain Sri Lanka Tanzania Thailand Tunisia Turkey Uganda Uganda Uruguay Vietnam West Bank and Gaza Yemen, Rep. Zambia Zimbabwe

Number of Records per Cost Date 1984 1 1991 4 1997 171 1986 7 1992 26 1998 165 1987 0 1993 74 1999 163 1988 7 1994 40 2000 324 1989 14 1995 63 2001 243 1990 1 1996 126 2002 28

Period 84-90 91-95

Percentage 2% 23%

96-02

75%

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page viii of xiv

PRODUCT 5. The Set of Preliminary Average and Range Unit Costs which is the main output of the system provides costs for a selected number of predominant work activities in the selected single currency (US dollars) and single reference date (year 2000).

PRESERVATION WORKS PRELIMINARY AVERAGE AND RANGE UNIT COSTS US$/km (Year 2000)
Work Type Routine Maintenance Predominant Work Activity Routine Maintenance Unsealed 2L Highway Routine Maintenance Bituminous 2L Highway Light Grading 2L Highway Heavy Grading 2L Highway Regravelling 2L Highway Fog Seal 2L Highway Average 989 2,199 110 522 15,344 8,946 Minimum 277 656 51 323 1,997 2,805 Maximum 1,740 5,580 205 876 65,038 15,783 Count 7 40 12 6 130 18

Grading

Gravel Resurfacing Bituminous Pavement Preventive Treatment Surface Treatment Resurfacing

Slurry Seal or Cape Seal 2L Highway Single Surface Treatment 2L Highway Double Surface Treatment 2L Highway Asphalt Overlay < 40 mm 2L Highway Asphalt Overlay 40 to 59 mm 2L Highway Asphalt Overlay 60 to 79 mm 2L Highway Asphalt Overlay 80 to 99 mm 2L Highway Asphalt Overlay > 99 mm 2L Highway Reconstruction Unsealed 2L Highway Reconstruction Bituminous 2L Highway Reconstruction Concrete 2L Highway

10,732 18,937 27,502 37,352 67,619 89,933 137,445 145,853 36,068 233,426 262,992

4,452 5,295 10,684 12,878 21,021 27,473 38,583 73,444 10,046 20,165 45,069

27,520 38,607 45,277 82,320 126,131 157,984 403,694 273,516 93,207 685,105 657,747

33 38 55 26 158 37 108 56 24 412 17

Asphalt Mix Resurfacing Strengthening

Reconstruction

DEVELOPMENT WORKS PRELIMINARY AVERAGE AND RANGE UNIT COSTS US$/km (Year 2000)
Work Type Partial Widening Partial Widening and Reconstruction Predominant Work Activity Partial Widening to Bituminous 2L Average 150,925 Minimum 135,964 Maximum 161,677 Count 6

Frequency Histogram of Cost per km Double Surface Treatment 2L Highway Partial Widening to Bituminous 2L and Rec. 378,160
Widening Adding Bituminous 2L 486,930

307,222

424,928

13

9 Widening
Widening and Reconstruction 7

290,776

670,195

22

Number of Observations

Widening Adding Bituminous 1L and Rec. Widening Adding Bituminous 2L and Rec. Widening Adding Bituminous 4L and Rec. Upgrading Unsealed to Unsealed 2L Highway Upgrading Unsealed to Bituminous 2L Highway Upgrading Unsealed to Concrete 2L Highway Upgrading Block to Bituminous 2L Highway New Bituminous 2L Highway New Concrete 2L Highway New Bituminous 4L Highway New Concrete 4L Highway

410,257 1,077,419 1,866,207 52,176 296,466 314,200 325,150 1,256,331 1,023,858 2,798,048 3,249,687

262,532 705,502 1,568,359 12,592 73,470 92,651 272,527 644,786 572,502 2,123,298 2,706,956

564,575 1,417,778 2,096,415 93,205 834,428 469,815 384,392 1,875,104 1,515,835 4,006,131 3,792,418

9 21 8 14 55 5 3 26 12 10 2

Upgrading

6 5 4 3

New 2L Highway New 4L2 Highway

1 0
10 ,6 84 13 ,3 45

16 ,0 06 18 ,6 67

21 ,3 28 23 ,9 89

26 ,6 50 29 ,3 11

31 ,9 72 34 ,6 33

37 ,2 94 39 ,9 55

US$/km (Year 2000)

42 ,6 16 45 ,2 77

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page ix of xiv

ROCKS also provides unit costs per m2 calculated based on the width of the main carriageway, and excluding the width of shoulders, bicycle lanes or median. The system generates average and range unit costs per m2 for some work activities.

III.

SAMPLE SET OF OUTPUTS

It is expected that these preliminary average and range unit costs can be further enhanced in the future with an increased number of data, and more in depth level of detail for each data in order to: monitor country road cost variations at different stages, from estimate to contract and actual costs; assess road costs variations overtime;

compare road costs among states and regions, different financing sources, procurement methodologies (advertisement), etc; establish relationships with different types of terrain, climate, regions, construction technologies, etc.; and

generate the data that is needed for other road cost related studies like life cycle analysis applied in HDM-4. Sample Output 1. Unit Costs per Km in Million US$ (Year 2000) for Selected Work Activities in Thailand and Cost Adjustment Factors by Region and Terrain Type

PRESERVATION WORKS PRELIMINARY AVERAGE AND RANGE UNIT COSTS US$/m2 (Year 2000)
Work Type Gravel Resurfacing Bituminous Pavement Preventive Treatment Surface Treatment Resurfacing Asphalt Mix Resurfacing Strengthening Predominant Work Activity Regravelling Fog Seal Slurry Seal or Cape Seal Single Surface Treatment Double Surface Treatment Asphalt Overlay < 40 mm Asphalt Overlay 40 to 59 mm Asphalt Overlay 60 to 79 mm Asphalt Overlay 80 to 99 mm Asphalt Overlay > 99 mm Reconstruction Unsealed Reconstruction Bituminous Reconstruction Concrete Average 2.42 1.11 1.62 2.61 3.82 5.18 9.81 12.74 18.66 20.89 5.15 33.35 38.11 Minimum 0.29 0.35 0.74 0.81 1.53 1.84 3.00 3.92 5.51 10.49 1.44 2.88 6.93 Maximum 10.84 2.10 4.59 5.29 6.14 11.28 19.16 21.06 38.35 42.08 13.32 97.87 93.96 Count 130 18 33 38 55 26 156 37 104 56 24 412 17

Reconstruction

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page x of xiv

WORK ACTIVITY

REGION

NORTHERN REGION 0.011 0.045 0.068 0.070 0.081 0.094 Flat 0.470 0.380 0.465 0.380 0.337 0.650 0.834 2.584 2.913 Rolling 0.485 0.390 0.463 0.390 0.351 0.685 0.865 2.406 2.796 Mount. 0.725 0.503 0.548 0.503 0.567 1.075 1.357 3.685 4.129

NORTHEASTERN REG. 0.011 0.050 0.077 0.092 0.104 0.118 Flat 0.548 0.462 0.562 0.462 0.387 0.745 0.956 2.762 3.114 Rolling 0.563 0.472 0.565 0.472 0.401 0.781 0.986 2.539 2.961 Mount. 0.823 0.596 0.657 0.596 0.634 1.201 1.518 3.862 4.327

CENTRAL REGION 0.011 0.045 0.068 0.071 0.082 0.094 Flat 0.489 0.390 0.470 0.390 0.352 0.678 0.870 2.620 2.960 Rolling 0.504 0.400 0.474 0.400 0.366 0.714 0.901 2.443 2.842 Mnt. -

SOUTHERN REGION 0.011 0.045 0.068 0.070 0.080 0.093 Flat 0.464 0.373 0.452 0.373 0.332 0.643 0.824 2.575 2.902 Rolling 0.479 0.383 0.455 0.375 0.347 0.678 0.855 2.398 2.785 Mount. 0.720 0.496 0.540 0.496 0.563 1.067 1.347 3.677 4.118

Slurry Seal or Cape Seal (Reseal) Asphalt Overlay 40-59 mm (50 mm) Asphalt Overlay 80-99 mm (80 mm) Reconstruction Bitum. (50 mm AC) Reconstruction Bitum. (80 mm AC) Reconstruction Bitum. (100 mm AC) TERRAIN TYPE Widening Adding Bitum. 2L (2L to 4L) Widening Adding Bitum. 2L (4L to 6L) Widening Adding Bitum. 2L (6L to 8L) Widening Adding Bitum. 2L (8L to 10L) New Bituminous 2L Highway New Bituminous 4L Highway New Bituminous 6L Highway New Bituminous 4L Expressway New Bituminous 6L Expressway

COST ADJUSTMENT FACTORS BY REGION & TERRAIN TYPE f(FLAT = 1.0)

REGION TERRAIN TYPE Widening Adding Bitum. 2L (2L to 4L) Widening Adding Bitum. 2L (4L to 6L) Widening Adding Bitum. 2L (6L to 8L) Widening Adding Bitum. 2L (8L to 10L) New Bituminous 2L Highway New Bituminous 4L Highway New Bituminous 6L Highway New Bituminous 4L Expressway New Bituminous 6L Expressway NORTHERN REGION Flat 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Rolling 1.03 1.03 1.00 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.04 0.93 0.96 Mount. 1.54 1.32 1.18 1.32 1.68 1.65 1.63 1.43 1.42 NORTHEASTERN REG. Flat 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Rolling 1.03 1.02 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.05 1.03 0.92 0.95 Mount. 1.50 1.29 1.17 1.29 1.64 1.61 1.59 1.40 1.39 CENTRAL REGION Flat 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Rolling 1.03 1.02 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.05 1.04 0.93 0.96 Mnt. SOUTHERN REGION Flat 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Rolling 1.03 1.03 1.01 1.00 1.04 1.05 1.04 0.93 0.96 Mount. 1.55 1.33 1.20 1.33 1.69 1.66 1.64 1.43 1.42

Sample Output 2. Average and Range Unit Costs per m2 in US$ (Year 2000)

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page xi of xiv

Selected Works for Bituminous Surface Class - Worldwide Data

45
42.08

40
38.35

35

30

Maximum Average Minimum

25

21.06

20

20.89 18.66

19.16

15
12.74 11.28

10

9.81

10.49

5
2.10 1.11 0.35 Fog Seal

4.59 1.62 0.74

5.29 2.61 0.81

6.14 3.82 1.53

5.18 3.00 1.84 Asphalt Asphalt Overlay < Overlay 40 40 mm to 59 mm Asphalt Mix Resurfacing 3.92

5.51

Slurry Seal Single Double or Cape Surface Surface Seal Treatment Treatment Surface Treatment Resurfacing

Asphalt Asphalt Asphalt Overlay 60 Overlay 80 Overlay > to 79 mm to 99 mm 99 mm Strengthening

Pavement Preventive Treatment

Sample Output 3. Cost Breakdown in Typical Bill of Quantities and Other Agency Costs (%) India Estimates Widening 2L to 4L and Reconstruction Road Work Cost Details (% of Road Work Cost)
Mobilization (%): Demolition and Site Clearance (%): Earthworks (%): Drainage,P Works,Culv.&Min. Bridges (%): Major Bridges and Structures (%): Pavement Courses (%): Line Markings and Signs (%): Contingencies (%): Total (%): Land Acquisition (%): Resettlement (%): Supervision (%): 0.5% 0.5% 11.9% 16.8% 5.7% 49.5% 5.8% 9.2% 100.0% 5.1% 3.0% 6.7%

Other Road Agency Costs (% of Road Work Cost)

Sample Output 4.

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page xii of xiv

Comparison between Actual Cost at completion and Estimated Costs at Appraisal for World Bank financed Projects All Countries All Countries
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 Works costs per km: Actual Cost / Appraisal Estimate
Probability < 1.0 = 38 % Probability > 1.0 = 62 %

Sample Output 5. Average and Range Unit Costs per Km in Thousands US$ (Year 2000) Selected Development Works - Worldwide Data
Thousands 4,500

4,000

'+e

3,500

3,000

Maximum Average Minimum

'3

2,500
B BI BF $ P $ C % !
Adding Bitumin. 1L Adding Bitumin. 2L Adding Bitumin. 4L

2,000

'ne AO ns

1,500

1,000
<
and Reconstruction Adding Bitumin. 2L

n Y
Unsealed to Concrete Unsealed to Bituminous

500
b )
Only

X Xr X
Bituminous

Bituminous

Concrete

Partial Widening to Bituminous 2L

Widening Only Widening and Reconstruction Upgrading 2L Highway

New 2L Highway

New 4L Highway

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page xiii of xiv

Concrete

IV.

ROCKS DISSEMINATION PACKAGE

The entire ROCKS system including all the data collected and modules developed are part of the ROCKS Dissemination Package contained in a compact disc (CD) which is ready to be distributed worldwide free of charge. It includes the following files:

Microsoft Excel Documents (xls) ROCKS Database WORLD (Version 2.01) ROCKS Database EMPTY (Version 2.01) ROCKS Module - Disbursements (Version 2.01) ROCKS Module - View (Version 2.01) ROCKS Module - Statistics (Version 2.01) ROCKS Documentation Data Collection Form (Version 2.01) ROCKS Documentation Road Works Classification (Version 2.01) ROCKS Documentation Annex 1 - Set of Statistics Report (Version 2.01) Microsoft Word Documents (doc) ROCKS Documentation - Executive Summary (Version 2.01) ROCKS Documentation - Users Manual (Version 2.01) ROCKS Documentation Read Me First (Version 2.01) ROCKS Documentation PowerPoint Presentation (Version 2.01)

Microsoft Power Point Document (ppt)

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page xiv of xiv

For more information contact:

The World Bank Transport & Urban Development Department 1818 H St. NW Washington, DC 20433 Fax: 1-202-522-3223 Rodrigo Archondo-Callao Technical Specialist E-mail: rarchondocallao@worldbank.org Anil Bhandari Lead Specialist E-mail: abhandari@worldbank.org Alberto Nogales Consultant E-mail: anogales@worldbank.org

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page xv of xiv