Network I Lesson 4

Student Objectives: After completing this lesson, students will be able to: define physical addressing explain media access control address (MAC Address) define network interface card evaluate the data link layer role on a network s outline the problems, associated with layer 2 communication define internetworking devices discuss the purposes of internetworking devices outline what LANs are designed to do discuss and diagram devices used on a LAN outline what WANs are designed to do discuss and diagram devices used on a WAN identify common problems in internetworking evaluate how a repeater provides a solution to these problems analyze what layer repeaters operate on

Terms: IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - develop standards end system - end user device on network - non routing hose or node in and OSI network data link layer - layer 2 - NIC card - MAC address functions on this layer physical address (MAC address) - required for every port or device on a network - used to create and update routing tables- 6 bytes long - hexadecimal - controlled by IEEE - hardware address given by manufacturer NIC Card (network interface) - board that provides network communication internetworking devices - products used to connect networks - repeaters, bridges, extenders, and routers nodes - junction common to two or more lines on a network - can be processors, controllers or workstations - any entity that can access a network - in SNA the basic component of the network - point at which units connect channels or data circuits repeater - device used to strengthen signals Lesson Summary: data link layer - how data is able to locate its destination every computer has a physical address - no 2 are alike on a network - the NIC card is where a device connects to the media pathway of communication - for Ethernet and 802.3 LANs (IEEE standard broadcast network) one device wants to send data to another device a communication pathway is opened using the destination MAC address s as the data travels on the network the NIC card in each device checks to see if it s MAC address matches the physical address of the data if not it ignores the data the packet continues along the network to the next station for checking

 when a match is made - the NIC card copies the data and places it in the computer where it resides the original data packet continues along the network where other NIC cards look at it to determine a match on larger networks this type of broadcast is a problem - only 1 packet can be on a cable at a time- this slows down data internetworking devices allow a greater number of nodes to be connected to a network extend the distance over which a network can extend localize traffic on the network does not eat up bandwidth with different media merge existing networks isolate network problems - so they can be diagnosed more easily LAN devices: hub, bridge, router, switches, and ATM switches operate within a limited geographic area allow multi-access to high bandwidth media control the network privately under local administration provide full time connectivity to local services connect physically adjacent d4evices WAN devices: ATM switches, modems and communication servers operate over geography of telecommunication carriers allow access over serial interfaces operating at lower speeds control the network subject to regulated public services provide full and part time connectivity connect devices spirited over wide, even global area repeaters are used if there are too many nodes or not enough cable a repeater works - as data leaves the source and goes over the network it is transformed into electrical or light impulses and passed along the network media = signals signals are clean and easily recognizable when they first leave the source the longer the cable - the weaker the signal Cat 5 Ethernet specs = 100 meters max. repeaters exist at the physical layer