1. Fluid is pumped from a reservoir through the piping system shown above to a point b, which is also exposed to atmosphere.

a) If the fluid is water at 30 C, Za is 2 m, Zb is 25 m, the pipe is made of cast iron, with a roughness of 2.5 x 10 -5 m. The total length of the pipes is 65 m. The diameter of the pipe is 0.02 m. The efficiency of the pump is 65%. Calculate the power of the pump required, when the volumetric rate is 0.001 m 3/s. b) As in case (a), what will be the power required if the diameter of the pipe is 0.01 m or 0.04 m? According to our textbook, the optimum velocity for water is about 0.9~1.8 m/s, so what size of the pipe do you suggest to use? c) If the fluid is toluene at 25 C. The pipe used is 1.5 in schedule no. 80 steel pipe, with roughness of 2.0 x 10 -5 m. With all other conditions as same as the case (a), what will be the power requirement? (The density of toluene at this temperature can be assumed to be 915 kg/m3) d) As in case (a), calculate the pressure at point a and point b. (The total length of pipe from reservoir to the pump is 8 m). How much is the NPSH? e) If we want to increase the volumetric rate to 0.002 m3/s, what will be the power required as in the case (a)?
(The contraction loss from a reservoir to a pipe can be taken as 0.4 (Kc= 0.4 (1-Sb/Sa), and Sa>> Sb). Similarly, the expansion loss from a pipe to a tank is taken to be 1 (Ke = (1-Sa/Sb)2), though we dont have expansion loss in this problem.

2. It is proposed to pump 10000 kg/h of toluene at 114 C and 1.1 atm from the

reboiler of a distillation tower to a second distillation tower. If the total friction loss is 7.5 J/kg, the density of toluene is 866 kg/ m3, and the velocity is 2 m/s. If the pump is to elevate toluene 10 m from the reboiler level and the pressure in the second distillation tower is 1.0 atm, calculate the power required (assume 80% efficiency).

10 m

1.0 atm 1.1

1.1 atm 1.2 3. In the textbook, we can derive the equation for expansion loss coefficient, Ke, from energy and momentum balances, such as Ke = (1-Sa/Sb)2 without too much error. However, there is no similar derivation for the contraction loss coefficient., instead we have only empirical equations. Why? Why we can not apply momentum balance in this case? 4. A reverse-osmosis unit for purifying brackish water has about 90000 hollow fibers that permit the infusion of water but reject most of the salts. The fibers are 85 m (micron) in outside diameter and 45 m (micron) in inside diameter and about 0.9 m long. The overall flow rate though this unit is 8.8 m3 per 24 hours. What is the pressure drop from the feed end to the discharge end of the fiber (Pi-Po). (see the figure in the next page)

Salty water

Po Permeate (purified water)

Pi

Feed