24 POPES,PEASANTS,MONARCHSAND MERCHANTS

BAROQUEART
TEXTPAGES688747 BAROQUEARTINTHE17THCENTURY 1.WithwhatreligiousmovementismuchoftheBaroqueartinCatholiccountries associated?

Listthreeadjectivesorphrasesthatdescribeitsstyle: a. b. c. 2.WhatcitywasthefocusofartisticpatronageastheCatholicchurchtriedto reestablishitsprimacy?

3.ListthreewaysinwhichMadernsEarlyBaroquechurchofSantaSusanna(FIG. 241)resemblesthechurchofIlGesu(FIG.2249): a.

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b. c.

Listthreewaysinwhichitdiffers: a. b. c. 4.NamefourarchitectswhoworkedonSt.Peter'sandnotetheprimary contributionofeach. a. b. c. d. 5.Whatisabaldacchino?

6.ListfourmajorcharacteristicsofBernini'ssculpturethataretypicalofBaroque artingeneral. a. b. c.

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d. 7.InwhatwaydidBerninidepictthevisionofSt.Theresa(FIG249)?

8.Whodevelopedthesculpturalarchitecturalstyletoitsextreme? Nametwobuildingsdesignedbyhim. a. b.

Botharelocatedinthecityof_______. 9.WhilethecirclehadbeentheidealgeometricfiguretoRenaissancearchitects, Baroqueplannerspreferredthe_______. . Why?

10.Whatisthepurposeofthelateral,threepartdivisionofBaroquepalace facades?

Uponwhathumanpsychologicaltendencydoesitseemtobebased?

11.NametwocountrieswerethearchitecturalstylesofBorrominiandGuarini particularlyinfluential? a. b. 12.ThecommonpurposeofCaravaggio'sConversionofSt.Paul(FIG.2418)and Bernini'sTheEcstasyofSt.Theresa(FIG.249)was:

13.ListthreecharacteristicsofCaravaggio'sstyle.

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a. b. c. 14.WhatwasCaravaggioattemptingtopresentinhisreligiouspictures?

Whatpictorialdevicesdidheusetoachievehisgoal?

15.Whatistenebroso?

Listtwocountrieswhereitwasparticularlyinflential: a. b.

16.WhichartistsmostinfluencedthestyleofArtemesiaGentileschi? WhowereJudithandHolophernes?

WhattechniquesdoesArtemesiausetoportraythedramaofthetheme?

17.ListthreeassumptionsthatwerebasictotheteachingofartattheBolognese academy. a. b. c. 18.Whoiscreditedwithdevelopingthe"classical"or"ideal"landscape? 78

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Whatwereitsroots?

19.WhatearlierworkstronglyinfluencedAnnibaleCarracci'sceilingfrescoesinthe galleryoftheFarnesePalaceinRome(FIG.2423)?

HowdidCarraccimodifytheoriginaltoachieveheightenedillusionism?

20.Whatisquadroriportatoandhowwasitused?

21.NametwoinfluencesblendedbyReniinhisAurorafresco(FIG.2424): a. b.

22.ListthreewaysinwhichPietrodaCortonasfrescoedceilinginthePalazzo Barberini(FIG.2425)praisedhispatron: a. b. c. 23.WhateffectdidGaullicreatewiththefrescohepaintedontheceilingofIlGes inRome(FIG.2426):

Listthreedevicesheusedtoachievethateffect: 79
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a. b. c. 24.ThepanterbesideGaulliwhoworkedfortheJesuitsinRomewas .Hepaintedtheceilingofthechurchof forthem. Whatdevicedidheusetomergeheavenandearth?

25.NametwoSpanishrulersfromtheHapsburgdynastywhowerepatronsofthe arts: a. b. 26.WhatwasthegoalofmanySpanishBaroquereligiousartists?

Nameathemethatwasparticularlypopularamongthem:

27.Ribera'sstylewasinfluencedbythe"darkmanner"of: 28.WhattypeoflightingdidZurbaranuseinhispatingofSaintSerapion(FIG.24 29)?

29.VelazquezwascourtpaintertoKing_________. 30.WhatdoesVelasquezsSurrenderofBreda(FIG.2431)commemorate?

31.WhatisthesubjectofLasMeninas(FIG.2433)?

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Howmanylevelsofrealitycanyoufindinthepicture?

Brieflydescribethem.

WhatpaintingtechniquedidVelazquezuseinLasMeninas? 32.ThenorthernprovincesconstitutethemoderncountryofTheNetherlands, whilethoseinthesouthconstitutethecountryofBelgium. Duringtheseventeenthcentury,thissouthernregionwasknownasFlanders.

. 33.InhisElevationoftheCross(FIG.2434)Rubenssynthesizedhisstudyofclassicalantiquity withtheworkoftheItalianmastersMichelangelo,TintorettoandCaravaggio,while addinghisowndynamism. Listthreefeaturesthatcontributetothedramaofthescene: a. b.

c.

34.WhatmemberofthefamousFlorentineHouseofMedicicommissionedRubens topaintacyclememorializingandglorifyinghercareerandthatofherlate husband?

35.NamethepaintingthatembodiesRubensattitudetowardwar:

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Whatdidthefollowngallegoricalfiguressymbolize? Monsters: Womanwithabrokenlute: Architectfallenbackwards:

BookandpaperatthefeetofMars: Sorrowingwomaninblack:

36.InwhattypeofpaintingsdidVanDyckspecialize?

Howcouldhisstylebestbecharacterized? 37.InwhattypeofsubjectmatterdidClaraPeetersspecialize? 38.HowdidthereligiousandeconomicconditionsinseventeenthcenturyHolland effectartisticpatronageandproduction? a. b.

c.

39.InwhatwaywastheworkofGerritvanHonthorstinfluencedbyCaravaggio?

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40.FransHalswastheleadingpainterofthe___________school,andspecialized in_____________________. Whatarethemainelementsofhisstylethatdistinguishhisworksfromthoseof hiscontemporaries? Writedowntwoadjectivesthatdescribehisstyle: a. b.

41.WhocommissionedRembrandttopaintTheAnatomyofDr.Tulp(FIG.2444)?

WhatdoesthistellusaboutparonageinHollandduringthe17thcentury? 42.WhatfeatureofTheCompanyofCaptainFransFanningCoq(FIG.2445)ledtoits beingmisnamedTheNightWatch? WhatdevicesdidRembrantusetoenliventhegroupportrait?

43.ListthreeadjectivesorphrasesthatwouldcontrastRembrandtsreligious workstoCounterReformationartworks: a. b. c. 44.WhatwasRembrandttryingtoexpressinhisportraitsandselfportraits? 45.BrieflydescribeRembrandt'suseoflightandshade.

Howdoeshisuseoflightandshadeeffectthemoodofhislaterportraits?

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46.Brieflydescribethetechniqueofetching.

Whatareitsadvantagesoverengraving?

47.ForwhatgenrewastheDutchpainterJudithLeystermostfamous? WhatcharacteristicdidshesharewithHals? 48.WhatreasoncouldbegivenfortheDutchinterestinlandscapepainting?

Nametwoartistswhospecializedinit: a. b. 49.WhatwasVermeer'sfavoritetypeofsubjectmatter? 50.InwhatwaydoesVermeer'suseoflightdifferfromRembrandt's?

51.Onwhatprincipledoesacameraobscurawork?

52.Listthreeimportantfactsabouttheopticsofcolorthatareillustratedin Vermeerspaintings: a. b. c.

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53.HowdoesthemoodcreatedbySteensinteriorsdifferfromthatcreatedby Vermeer's?

54.WhatmightthechildrensbehaviorsymbolizeinSteensFeastofSt.Nicholas (FIG.2454)?

55.WhatisaVanitasstilllife?

56.ThepaintingsofRachaelRuyschreflectaparticularinterestin:

57.WhichFrenchartistiscreditedwithhavingestablishedseventeenthcentury Classicalpainting?

Wheredidhespendmostofhislife?

WhattwoItalianartistsdidhemostadmire?

58.WhatfourcharacteristicsofEtinArcadiaEgo(FIG.2458)aretypicalofPoussin's fullydevelopedClassicalstyle? a. b. c. d. 59.WhattypeofsubjectsdidPoussinconsidertobeappropriateforpaintingsdone inthe"grandmanner"?

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Whatdidhethinkshouldbeavoided?

60.PoussinandRubenswereconsideredasthetwopolesintheBaroquedebate betweentheforcesofpassionandreason.Whichpoledoyouthinkeachartist represented?Whatcharacteristicsintheworkofeachartistdoyouthinnk wouldreflectthoseattitudes? Rubens:

Poussin: 61.InwhatmajorwaydoesthelandscapeinPoussin'sBurialofPhocion(FIG.2459) differfromVanRuisdael'sViewofHaarlem(FIG.2451)?

62.WhatwasClaudeLorrain'sprimaryinterestinlandscapepainting?

Inwhatcountrydidhedomostofhispainting?

63.Describethefeaturesthatcreatetheimpressionofdignityandsobriety apparentinMansart'sworkatBlois(FIG.2461). a. b. WhatfeatureofthebuildingistypicallyBaroque?

64.ThelifeofFrenchpeasantswasthefavoritesubjectof.

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HowdohisdepictionsdifferfromthoseoftheDutchpainterJanSteen?

65.TheFrenchartistCallotisbestknownforhisworksdoneinthemediumof . HisMiseriesseriesrealisticallydepictsscenesof. .66.WhichFrenchartistwasmostinfluencedbythenorthern"Caravaggisti"? Inwhatwaysdoeshisstyledifferfromtheirs?

67.TheFrenchRoyalAcademyofPaintingandSculpturewasestablishedinthe year___________. . Whatwasitsprimarypurpose? 68.WhatwasthepoliticalmeaningofLouisXIVsappelationleRoiSoleil(the SunKing)?

Whatwashissignificanceasapatronofthearts?

69.ListthreefeaturesofRigaudsPortraitofLouisXIV(FIG.2465)that contributedtoLouispersonificationofanabsolutemonarch: a. b. c. 70.WhatthreearchitectscollaboratedtodesigntheeastfacadeoftheLouvre?

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a.

b.

c.

Whatformwasusedforthecentralpavilionofthefacade?

71.WhowastheprincipaldirectorforthebuildinganddecorationofthePalaceof Versailles?

WhodesignedtheparkofVersailles?

WhatwassymbolizedbythevastcomplexofVersailles?

72.ListtwosourcesforGirardonsportrayalofApolloAttendedbytheNymphs carvedfortheParkofVersailles(FIG.2470): a. b.

. 73.WhichfeatureofJulesHardouinMansart'sChurchoftheInvalides(FIG.2472) ismostBaroque? Whichismostclassical?

74.Whichofthevisualorplasticartswasmostimportantinseventeenthcentury England?

75.NametheItalianarchitectwhohadthestrongestinfluenceonthebuildingsof InigoJones?

76.WhodesignedSt.Paul'sCathedralinLondon?

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WhatfeatureofthebuildingshowstheinfluenceofBorromini? WhatfeatureistakenoverfromtheeastfacadeoftheLouvre?

LATEBAROQUEARTOFTHEEARLYEIGHTEENTHCENTURY BlenheimPalaceinEngland(FIG.2475)wasdesignedby for.

1.

. 2. WhodesignedthechurchofVierzehnheiligen(FIG.2476,2477)?

However,beforeitwascompleteditwascriticizedasbeing.

3. TheatricalilluisionismisanimportantcharacteristicoftheworkoftheGerman Baroquesculptor:. . 4. WhicheighteenthcenturyItalianpainterisbestknownforhiselegant illusionisticceilingpaintings?

DISCUSSIONQUESTIONS

1.StudytheelevationsandplansofBramantisPazziChapel(FIGS.2117to2119) 19)andBorromini'sSanCarloalleQuattroFontane(FIGS.2410and2411).

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Contrastthebasicshapesusedintheplans,anddescribehowtheseformsrelate totheelevationsofthebuildings. 2.Bernini'sarthasbeendescribedas"theatrical."Giveexamplesofitstheatricality anddiscussthetechnicaldevicesheusedtocreatethem. 3.CompareRibera'sMartyrdomofSt.Bartholomew(FIG.2428)withMantegnasSt. JamesLedtoMartyrdom(FIG.2147).Discusscomposition,paintingtechnique,and emotionalimpact.WhatmajorconcernsoftheItalianRenaissanceandthe CounterReformationinSpainaredemonstratedbytheseworks? 4.DiscusstheinfluenceofCaravaggioonGerritvanHonthorst(FIG.2441),George delaTour(FIG.2464),andLouisleNain(FIG.2462).Whichaspectsof Caravaggiosstyledideachadopt,andhowdotheirworksdifferfromhimand fromeachother? 5.InwhatwaysdotheworksandlivesofRubensandRembrandtreflectthe differentsocialandreligiousorientationsofseventeenthcenturyFlandersand Holland? 6.CompareRembrandt'sSelfPortrait(FIG.2447)withtheselfportraitsby JudithLeyster(FIG.2449)andCaterinavanHemessen(FIG.2319),andVan EycksManinaRedTurban(FIG2010)Howhavetheartistsdepictedthe differentpsychologicalstatesastheylookatthemselves?Doyouthinkthese worksillustratemajordifferencesinthephilosophiesofthetimesand/or placeswherepaintedorthattheinterpretationsweresolelyindivisual?Why? 7.Whatwastheeffectoftheeconomicandreligiousclimateofseventeenthcentury Hollandonitsartists? 8.DiscusstherelativebalancebetweenBaroqueandRenaissancefeaturesinthe followingbuildings:theeastfacadeoftheLouvre(FIG.2466),theChurchof theInvalidesinParis(FIG.2472),theBanquetingHouseatWhitehall(FIG. 2473),andSt.Paul'sCathedralinLondon(FIG.2474). 9.InwhatwaysdidLouisXIVinfluenceFrenchartoftheseventeenthcentury? HowdidhisutilizationofartdifferfromthatofPhilipIVinSpain? 90
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10.CouldVelasquezsSurrenderatBreda(FIG.2431)andSteensFeastofSt. Nicholas(FIG.2454)serveasillustrationsofPoussin's"grandmanner"?If not,whynot? 11.Whowaschieflyresponsibleforthedevelopmentof"classical"landscape paintinginItaly?HowdidhisapproachdifferfromthoseofPoussin(FIG. 2458),ClaudeLorrain(FIG.2460),andVanRuisdael(FIG.2451)? 12.ComparetheceilingpaintingsofTiepolo(FIG.2479)withthoseof Mantegna(FIG,2246),Veronese(FIG,2154),Correggio(FIG,2241), Caracci(FIG,2423),PietrodaCortona(FIG,2425),andPozzo(FIG,2427). Whichisclosesttohiswork,andwhatfeaturesdotheyshare? 13.Fromtheotherworksyouhavestudied,whichdoyoufeelareclosestin spirittoNeumannspilgrimagechurchofVierzehnheiligen(FIGS,2476and 2477)andAsamsAssumptionoftheVirgin(FIG.2478)?

LOOKINGCAREFULLY,DESCRIBINGANDANALYZING InLasMeninasVelasquezdemonstratedhismasteryofthedepictionofcomplex levelsofvisualreality(p.688andFIG.2433).Studythepaintingverycarefullyand writeanessayofatleastonepagedescribingit.Herearesomequestionsthatmight helpyouwithyouranalysis,butdonotbelimitedbythem.Firstdescribetheroom inwhichhehasplacedthemajorityofthefiguresanddescribeeachofthefiguresin thatspace.Thenlookforotherfiguresandescribethespaceinwhichtheywouldbe standing.Describetheartistsbrushworkandhisuseoflightanddarkandnotehe usestheseelementstoincreasethesenseofrealityofthescene.

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MAP Circlethefollowingonthemapbelow. Haarlem Utrecht AmsterdamVersailles London

MAP 24-1 Europe at the onset of the Thirty Years War

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