Design of Underground Water Tank (Reservoir)

Tank Dimensions Total area for the four floors = 4 Number of residents, N Daily water requirement 7040 56 (16 14 14) (13 14 13) = 7040 ft2

8/1000 = 56 5 = 280 ft3 280 = 560 ft3

Required volume of UG water tank, V = 2 V1/3 = (560)1/3 = 8.24

Depth of tank, H

Freeboard, F.B. = 0.50

Total depth, D = H + F.B. = 8.74

Assuming L/B = 1.5, Tank area A = LB 560/8.24 = 1.5B B B = 6.73 , L = 10.10

Loads and Material Properties Loads: FF = 10 psf, LL = 20 psf Materials: f c = 3 ksi, ft,ult = 5 f c = 5 (3/1000) = 0.274 ksi, ft,all = ft,ult/2 = 0.137 ksi, fs = 20 ksi fc = 0.45f c = 1.35 ksi, k = 0.378, j = 0.874, R = 0.223 ksi, Rt = ft,all/6 = 0.023 ksi For soil, Angle = 30 Ka = (1 sin )/(1 + sin ) = 0.333

Design Conditions The UG water tank has three basic components; i.e., top slab, sidewalls and base slab The top slab will be designed as normal simply supported slab based on the self-weight and superimposed loads The design of sidewalls and the base slab will be based on assuming (i) Tank full of water but no soil outside, (ii) No water inside tank but soil pressure from outside

The other more critical condition of no water inside but saturated soil outside is avoided here because it might cause instability of the tank itself. Alternately, a provision must be made that the tank cannot be evacuated when the soil is fully saturated.

Design of Top Slab This is designed as a simply supported slab with clear spans Sa = 6.73 , Sb = 10.10 , m = 6.73/10.10 = 0.67 Required slab thickness considering deflection = 2 (6.73 + 10.10)/15 = 2.24 Assuming minimum slab thickness t = 4 , wTotal = 4 Ma(+) = 0.072 Mb(+) = 0.014 150/12 + 10 + 20 = 80 psf = 0.08 ksf

Ca = 0.072 and Cb = 0.014

0.08 0.08

(6.73)2 = 0.261 k / (10.10)2 = 0.114 k / d = 3 or 2.5 , OK 3) = 0.06 in2/ 2.5) = 0.03 in2/ Use #3 @ 8 c/c in both directions

d(req) = (M(max)/Rb) = (0.261/0.223) = 1.08 Asa(+) = Ma(+)/fsjd = 0.261 Asb(+) = Mb(+)/fsjd = 0.114 As(Temp) = 0.03 t = 0.03

12/(20 12/(20

0.874 0.874

4 = 0.12 in2/ , S(max) = 2t = 8

10.10

6.73

4 thick Top Slab

(A): # 3 @ 8 c/c, alt. ckd. + 1 #3 extra top (B): Corner reinforcement # 3 @ 8 c/c in both directions

Design of Sidewalls Since both L/H and B/H are within 0.5 and 2.0, both the sidewalls have both slab and cantilever action. Cantilever action is within the bottom H/4 or 1 m height (whichever is greater). H/4 = 8.24/4 = 2.06 , while 1 m = 3.28 2.06

Slab Action: Case (i) Tank full of water but no soil outside
w

In this case, pmax = Case (ii)

(H h) = 0.0625

(8.24 3.28) = 0.310 ksf

No water inside tank but soil pressure from outside 0.120 (8.74 3.28) = 0.219 ksf

In this case, pmax = Ka s (D h) = 0.333

The following bending moments (k / ) are obtained by analyzing the structure in GRASP

1.902 2.049 0.293 2.049 1.902

1.902

1.340

1.443

1.340

0.293

0.206

0.206

1.902

1.340

1.443

1.340

Case (i)

Case (ii)

Cantilever Action: Case (i) Tank full of water but no soil outside
wH=

In this case, pmax =

0.0625

8.24 = 0.515 ksf 3.282/6 = 0.924 k /

The maximum bending moment Mmax = pmax h2/6 = 0.515 Case (ii)

No water inside tank but soil pressure from outside 0.120 8.74 = 0.350 ksf 3.282/6 = 0.627 k /

In this case, pmax = Ka sD = 0.333

The maximum bending moment Mmax = pmax h2/6 = 0.350 t(req) = (M(max)/Rtb) = (2.049/0.023) = 9.47

t = 9.5 ; i.e., d = 8

As = M/fsjd = M

12/(20

0.874

8) = M/11.65 in2/

As(Temp) = 0.03 t = 0.03

9.5 = 0.29 in2/ , S(max) = 2t = 19 As(max) = 2.049/11.65 = 0.18 in2/

Since M(max) = 2.049 k /

As(Temp) governs in all cases; i.e., Use #3 @ 4.5 c/c on all surfaces in all directions

10.10

6.73

9.5 thick Sidewalls

(A): # 3 @ 4.5 c/c, on both faces and in both directions of the slab (B): # 3 @ 4.5 c/c, on both faces and in both directions of the slab

Design of Base Slab Like the top slab, the base slab is also designed as a simply supported slab with clear spans However, the slab has to carry end moments (0.924 k / and 0.627 k / ) from the cantilever action of the sidewalls; which results in reduction of the midspan maximum moments.

Sa = 6.73 , Sb = 10.10 , m = 6.73/10.10 = 0.67, t(req) = 2 (6.73 + 10.10)/15 = 2.24 However since the slab carries significant load from water, the assumed slab thickness t = 7

Case (i)

Tank full of water but no soil outside

wH

wTotal = ct + FF +

= 150

7/12 + 10 + 62.5

8.24 = 612.66 psf = 0.613 ksf

Assuming negative moment of 0.924 k / Ca = 0.072 Ma(+) = 0.072 0.613 (6.73)2 0.924 = 1.074 k / 0.924 = 0.050 k /

and Cb = 0.014

Mb(+) = 0.014

0.613

(10.10)2

Case (ii)

No water inside tank but soil pressure from outside

In this case, the total weight of top slab and sidewalls = {(10.10 + 19/12) (6.73 + 19/12) 4/12 + 2 (10.10 + 6.73 + 19/12) 8.74 9.5/12} 0.15 = 43.08 k

Net upward pressure from soil, wTotal = 43.08/{(10.10 + 19/12) Assuming negative moment of 0.627 k / Ma(+) = 0.072 Mb(+) = 0.014 0.444 0.444 (6.73)2 (10.10)2 0.627 = 0.820 k / 0.627 = 0.006 k /

(6.73 + 19/12)} = 0.444 ksf

t(req) = (M(max)/Rtb) = (1.074/0.023) = 6.86 t=7 d = 5.5 As = M/fsjd = M 12/(20

t = 7 , OK 0.874 5.5) = M/8.01 in2/

As(Temp) = 0.03 t = 0.03

7 = 0.21 in2/ , S(max) = 2t = 14 As(max) = 1.074/8.01 = 0.13 in2/

Since M(max) = 1.074 k /

As(Temp) governs in all cases; i.e., since the sidewalls require #3 rods @ 4.5 c/c Use #3 @ 4.5 c/c on all surfaces in all directions

10.10

6.73

7 thick Base Slab

(A): # 3 @ 4.5 c/c, alt. ckd. + 1 #3 extra top (B): Corner reinforcement # 3 @ 4.5 c/c in both directions