a Reference for CAE Users

ModelingonsetandpropagatingofcrackusingABAQUS
24

Posted on April 12, 2012 by Babak

Modeling cracks in finite element software is done in several ways. In general, these methods can be divided
into two categories: traditional methods and modern methods.
The traditional method is to include two methods:
Surface-based cohesive behavior
Virtual crack closure technique

In traditional methods, simulating onset and propagating of cracks, need to design meshing of model regarding
to crack propagation probability. If the model is also considered to simulate opening and propagating of crack,
it would be far more complex and harder. In this method crack opening direction should be predicted and
elements faces should be in this direction. Also at the crack tip, singularity for the elements should be defined.
The new method, called the Extended Finite Element Method or XFEM many complexities and limitations of
methods by using enriched elements have been fixed.
In this example we will investigate opening and propagating of crack in a steel plate using XFEM method. Sheet
dimensions are 6*3 units and at the beginning there is a 1.5 unit long crack in the middle of it. Sheet is under
longitudinal and transverse forces at two ends, making the crack to open and propagate.

Part / Sketch
First in part module, make 2D part and name it Plate. Using dimensions command to make it 6*3. We will
come back to part module again later.

Property
In property modules, we define the desired material. Submit your material as defined in the previous examples.

E = 200 GPa
= 0.3
It is very important to have enough knowledge

21:
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about
failure

criteria when you want to simulate it. But, here we

only want to learn how to model crack in ABAQUS.

One of the common failure criteria is the amount of
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maximum stress. In this example we will use these criteria. We consider 84 MPa for the start of cracking.
Complete Maxps Damage and Damage Evolution settings according to the figure.

Do Damage Evolution settings from suboptions.

Assembly
In assembly module assemble an instance of Plate. Location of initial cracks in the piece is done in the
Assembly module. Therefore it is necessary to return again to the Part module to create the crack initial
geometry.

Create a new Part and name it Crack. Draw a horizontal line of length 1.5 units. Now in the tree diagram you
may see Plate and Crack in the branch of Part.

Returned to the Assembly module and add crack to model. Note that more than once the parts are not
assembled. To check this, there should not be more than two instances under assembly branch.

If parts have been assembled correctly, you should resemble the following figure.

Step
In Step module define a Static General step and turn Nlgeom on.

Interaction
To define crack, in interaction module follow the following path:
Special / Crack / Create

Create a crack with arbitrary name. Choose XFEM in create crack window. We will talk about XFEM and its
methods in another post. In comparison with other crack modeling methods, XFEM is a new way that for the
first time introduced in ABAQUS version 6.9. This concept adds some new characteristics to elements such as
ability to divide and make them enriched.
In the Edit crack window choose the whole sheet as the Region and the crack lane in front of the crack
location. It is possible to define interaction properties for crack edges but in this example we do not need it.
Enriched region and initial crack are shown by green crosses.

Load
Please enter the Load module. Unlike the previous examples in this example instead of applying force on the
part we will apply movement. First it is better to define some sets for the part special areas. Execute the
following command from the main menu.
Tools / Set / Create
Name the set upper and choose Geometry type. Choose the upper edge of the part. In a same manner make
another set and name it lower for lower part edge.
Click on Create boundary condition button. Select Displacement / Rotation and select upper using sets button
from prompt area.
Enter -0.00135 and +0.00081 for longitudinal and transverse displacements like the figure. Similarly, for lower
enter values of +0.00135 and -0.00081.

Mesh
In mesh module, mesh the plate in 0.1 unit size. In Assign Element Type check the family of plate elements to
be Plane strain. Part crack does not need mesh.

Job
In Job module, define the model and click submit.

Visualization
To view the results of run click results and get into the Visualization module. In order to see better results and
see how crack propagates increase scale from common options. The following animation shows crack opening
trend and the Mises stress.

It is possible to adjust the number of frames in the Field Output options in step module.

English

abaqus, crack, crack evolution, crack propagation, FEM, Finite Element, Implicit, nlgeom, plastic, , , , ,

responses to Modeling onset and propagating of crack using ABAQUS 24

roza
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Babak
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. cohesive element
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khalid
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?thank you MR BABAK. is that it is possible to calculate the integral J by XFEM

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Babak
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.No
!to calculate J integral you should use conventional method
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Babak
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:Modeling discontinuities, such as cracks, as an enriched feature

can be performed using the static procedure (see Static stress analysis, Section 6.2.2), the implicit dynamic procedure (see
Implicit dynamic analysis using direct integration, Section 6.3.2), or the low-cycle fatigue analysis using the direct cyclic
;(approach (see Low-cycle fatigue analysis using the direct cyclic approach, Section 6.2.7
. implicit . explicit xfem
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