Rhetoric Society of America

Sophistic Rhetoric and Philosophy: A Selective Bibliography of Scholarship in English Since 1900 Author(s): Bruce McComiskey Reviewed work(s): Source: Rhetoric Society Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 3/4 (Summer - Autumn, 1994), pp. 25-38 Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3885941 . Accessed: 16/10/2012 14:42
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Sophistic Rhetoric and Philosophy: A Selective Bibliography of Scholarshipin English Since 1900

in of This selectivebibliography sophisticscholarship Englishsince 1900 will, I of historians rhetoricand hope, makethe sophistsmoreaccessibleto interested Sophists" are in represented thisbibliography the "Older The philosophy. sophists in are whosewritings translated Sprague. of Becausethe sophistshavebeenthe subjects manyheateddebatessince Plato,I have used several criteriawith which to limit the numberof entries in this bibliography: before 1900, with three 1) As the title suggests,I omit sourceswhichappeared that notable exceptions I will citehere:
Cope, EdwardM. "The Sophists."Journal of Classical and Sacred Philology 1 (1854): 145-88.
__.

"On the Sophistical Rhetoric."Journal of Classical and Sacred Philology 2

(1855): 129-69;and3 (1856):34-80, 253-88.

Journal of Philology 4 (1872):288-307; and5 "TheSophists." Sidgwick,Henry. (1874):66-80.

treatments Englishlanguage nineteenth century Thesearethe mostcomprehensive and not of sophistic doctrines, theyshould be overlooked. in entriesto thosewritten the Englishlanguage,even though 2) I haverestricted in in muchof the best scholarship sophisticstudiesappears Italianand German. hereare to makethe sophistsaccessibleto a broadaudiencein the My purposes United States and to encourageEnglishlanguageresearchon the sophists by American scholars. sourceswhich treat"the sophists"solely as Plato presents 3) Those numerous them in his dialogueshave been omitted.Becauseit is well known that Plato intentionallydistortssophisticteachingsfor his own purposes,I include only in or sourcesthatdiscussthe sophistic fragments Sprague Diels. and havebeenomitted. in proceedings festschrifts 4) Articlesappearing conference volumeof proceedings essays is especiallyusefuland is However,one particular I on scholarship thesophists. will cite it here: citedin Englishlanguage frequently
Kerferd,G. B., ed. The Sophists and TheirLegacy. Wiesbaden:Franz Steiner,

1981. thus,severalare cited Manyof the sourceslistedherearenot easily categorized; under multiple headings.In "PartI: PrimarySources,"the reader will find both in their originalancient Greek and in collections of sophistic fragments 3/4 RSQ,Vol. 24, Numbers

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Bruce McComiskey

English translation."PartII: The Sophists in General"cites sources that treat "the sophists"as a coherentgroupas well as some thatproblematizesuch treatments.In "PartIII: ParticularSophists,"citations deal exclusively (or at least primarily)with individual sophists (Antiphon, Critias, the anonymous Dissoi Logoi, Gorgias, Hippias, the anonymous lamblichi, Prodicus, and Protagoras). "Part IV: NeoSophistic Rhetoric and Philosophy: Contemporaryuses of Sophistic Doctrines" includes a number of recent efforts to recover useful sophistic doctrines for contemporaryrhetoricalpurposes.Finally, "PartV: Miscellaneous"lists sources of value to research on the sophists that were not easily placed within the headings and categories thatorganizethis bibliography.

PART I:
PRIMARY SOURCES The untranslated Greek fragmentsof the presocraticphilosophersand the sophists are found in HermannDiels and WaltherKranz's Fragmenteder Vorsokratiker Die (3 vols. Berlin: Wiedmann, 1951/52). Translationsof the sophistic fragments in Diels and Kranzmay be found in: Freeman,Kathleen.Ancilla to the Pre-SocraticPhilosophers.Cambridge:Harvard UP, 1983. Sprague, Rosamond Kent, ed. The Older Sophists. Columbia:U of South Carolina P, 1972. Of these translations, those in Sprague are the most cited in English language scholarship.

PART II:
THE SOPHISTS IN GENERAL The following sources treat "the sophists" as a relatively coherent group of teachers, with the exception of Kerferd'sand Schiappa'sworks which problematize the notion of an identifiable "sophistic" epistemology, politics, or theory of rhetoric. Barrett,Harold. The Sophists:Rhetoric,Democracy, and Plato's Idea of Sophistry. Novata, CA: Chandlerand Sharp, 1987. Bett, Richard."The Sophists and Relativism."Phronesis 34 (1989): 139-69. Bowersock, G. W. GreekSophistsin the RomanEmpire.Oxford:Clarendon,1969. deRomilly, Jacqueline. The Great Sophists in Periclean Athens. Trans. Janet Lloyd. New York:OxfordUP, 1992.

Sophistic Rhetoric and Philosophy:

27

Dodds, E. R. "The Sophistic Movementand the Failureof Greek Liberalism."The Ancient Concept of Progress and OtherEssays on GreekLiteratureand Belief. Ed. Dodds. Oxford:Clarendon,1973. 92-105. Enos, Richard Leo. GreekRhetoric Before Aristotle. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland, 1993. Guthrie,W. K. C. The Sophists. Cambridge:CambridgeUP, 1971. Hinks, D. A. G. "Tisias and Corax and the Inventionof Rhetoric."Classical Quarterly 34 (1940): 61-69. Hunt, Everett Lee. "On the Sophists."The Province of Rhetoric. Ed. Joseph Schwartzand John A. Rycenga. New York:Ronald, 1965. 69-84. Jarratt,Susan. "The First Sophists and the Uses of History."Rhetoric Review 6 (1987): 67-77. . Rereading the Sophists: Classical RhetoricRefigured. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1991. . "The Role of the Sophists in Histories of Consciousness."Philosophy and Rhetoric 23 (1990): 85-95. Jarrett,James L. The Educational Theoryof the Sophists. New York: Teachers College P, 1969. Kerferd,G. B. "The First Greek Sophists."Classical Review 64 (1950): 8-10. . The Sophistic Movement.Cambridge:CambridgeUP, 1981. Levin, Saul. "The Origin of Grammarin Sophistry."General Linguistics 23 (1983): 41-47. SophisticalRhetoric:A Response to Schiappa." Poulakos, John. "Interpreting Philosophy and Rhetoric 23 (1990): 218-28. Argumentation5 _"New Idioms for SophisticalRhetoric:Introduction." . (1991): 109-15. . "Rhetoric,the Sophists, and the Possible." CommunicationMonographs 51 (1984): 215-26.
_"Toward a Sophistic Definition of Rhetoric."Philosophy and Rhetoric 16 . (1983): 35-48.

Reimer, Milton K. "The Subjectivismof the Sophists: A Problem of Identity." Journal of Thought13 (1978): 50-54. Scenters-Zapico,John. 'The Case for the Sophists."Rhetoric Review 11 (1993): 352-67. Schiappa,Edward."Historyand Neo-Sophistic Criticism:A Reply to Poulakos." Philosophy and Rhetoric 23 (1990): 307-15.

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Bruce McComiskey . "Neo-SophisticRhetoricalCriticismand the HistoricalReconstructionof Sophistic Doctrines."Philosophy and Rhetoric 23 (1990): 192-217. In What's a Name? Towarda Revised Historyof Early Greek _. "Rhetorike: Rhetorical Theory."QuarterlyJournal of Speech 78 (1992): 1-15. . "Sophistic Rhetoric:Oasis or Mirage."Rhetoric Review 10 (1991): 5-18.

Solmsen, Friedrich.Intellectual Experimentsof the GreekEnlightenment. Princeton:PrincetonUP, 1975. Sutton, Jane. "RereadingSophisticalArguments:A Political Intervention." Argumentation5 (1991): 141-57. Untersteiner,Mario.TheSophists.Trans.KathleenFreeman.Oxford:Basil Blackwell, 1954.

PART III:
PARTICULAR SOPHISTS Kerferd in The Sophistic Movement and Schiappa in Protagoras and Logos call for more extensive research on individual sophists, considering with greater scrutiny the historical situationsthat gave rise to the varied doctrinesprofessed by these traveling teachers. In this section, I cite sources that examine the fragments of individualsophists and resist generalizations about"the sophists"as a group. Antiphon Avery, H. C. "One Antiphonor Two?"Hermes 90 (1982): 145-58. Bames, Jonathan."New Light on Antiphon."Polis 7 (1987): 2-5. Dodds, E. R. "The Nationality of Antiphonthe Sophist."Classical Review ns 4 (1954): 94-95. D-over,K. J. "The Chronologyof Antiphon'sSpeeches." Classical Quarterly44 (1950): 44-60. Due, B. Antiphon:A Studyin Argumentation. Copenhagen,1980. Enos, RichardLeo. "Emerging Notions of Argumentand Advocacy in Hellenic Litigation: Antiphon'sOn the Murderof Herodes."Journal of the American Forensic Association 16 (1980): 182-9 1. Gagarin,Michael. "The Natureof Proofs in Antiphon."Classical Philology 85 (1990): 22-32. Innes, D. C. "Gorgias,Antiphonand Sophistopolis."Argumentation5 (1991): 221-31. Jebb, RichardC. TheAttic OratorsfromAntiphonto Isaeus. 2 vols. New York: Russell and Russell, 1962.

Sophistic Rhetoric and Philosophy: Merlan,Philip. "Alexanderthe Greator Antiphonthe Sophist?"Classical Philology 45 (1950): 161-66. Morrison,J. S. "Socratesand Antiphon."Classical Review ns 5 (1955): 8-12. . "The Truthof Antiphon."Phronesis 8 (1963): 35-49. Moulton, C. "Antiphonthe Sophist and Democritus."Museum Helveticum 31 (1974): 129-39. Nill, Michael. Morality and Self-interestin Protagoras, Antiphon, and Democritus. Leiden: Brill, 1985. Reesor, MargaretE. "The Truthof Antiphonthe Sophist."Apeiron 20 (1987): 203-18. Zuntz, G. "Once Again the AntiphonteanTetralogies."MuseumHelveticum 6 (1949): 100-03. Critias

29

Rosenmayer, Thomas G. "TheFamily of Critias."AmericanJournal of Philology 70(1949): 404-10. Stephans, Dorothy. Critias: Life and LiteraryRemains. Cincinnati, 1939. Journal of Hellenic Studies 78 Usher, S. "Xenophon,Critias,and Theramenes." (1968): 128-35. Wade-Gery,H. T. "Kritiasand Herodes."Classical Quarterly39 (1945): 19-33. Dissoi Logoi, Anonymous Conley, Thomas M. "Datingthe So-called Dissoi Logoi: A CautionaryNote." Ancient Philosophy 5 (1985): 59-65. AmericanJournal of Philology 61 Levi, Adolfo J. "On 'Twofold Statements."' (1940): 292-306. Ramage, Edwin S. "An EarlyTraceof SocraticDialogue."AmericanJournal of Philology 82 (1961): 418-24. Robinson, T. M. ContrastingArguments:An Edition of the Dissoi Logoi. Salem, NH: Ayer, 1984.
__"Matthew .

de Varis and the Dissoi Logoi." Classical Quarterlyns 22 (1972): 195-98. .-"A Sophist on Omniscience, Polymathy,and Omnicompetence:D. L. 8.113." Illinois Classical Studies 2 (1977): 125-35.

Kent."'Dissoi Rosamond LogoiorDialexeis:TwofoldArguments." Sprague, Mind77 (1968): 155-67. in Parallel theDissoi Logoi."Journal of the History of . "A Platonic Philosophy 6 (1968): 160-61.

30

Bruce McComiskey . "Socrates'Safest Answer:Phaedo lO0d."Hermes 96 (1968):633-35.

Taylor, A. E. "Socratesand the Dissoi Logoi." Varia Socratica, First Series. Oxford:OxfordUP, 1911. 91-128. Gorgias Calogero, G. "Gorgiasand the SocraticPrincipleNemo sua spontepeccat." Journal of Hellenic Studies 77 (1957): 12-17. Coulter, James A. "The Relation of the Apology of Socrates to Gorgias'Defense of Palamedes and Plato'sCritiqueof GorgianicRhetoric."Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 68 (1964): 269-303. Demand, Nancy. "Epicharmus Gorgias."AmericanJournal of Philology 92 and (1971): 453-63. Dodds, E. R. Plato: Gorgias. Oxford:Clarendon,1959. Duncan, Thomas S. "Gorgias'Theoriesof Art."Classical Journal 33 (1938): 40215. Engnell, RichardA. "Implicationsfor Communication the Rhetorical of Epistemology of Gorgias of Leontini."WesternJournal of Speech Communication37 (1973): 175-84. Enos, RichardLeo. "The Epistemologyof Gorgias'Rhetoric:A Re-examination." Southern Speech Communication Journal 42 (1976): 35-5 1.
.__

"SocratesQuestions Gorgias:The RhetoricalVector of Plato's Gorgias." Argumentation5 (1991): 5-15.

_.

"Why Gorgias of LeontiniTraveledto Athens:A Study of Recent EpigraphicalEvidence."RhetoricReview 11 (1992): 1-15.

Man-Measure Gaonkar,Dilip. "Plato'sCritiqueof Protagoras' Doctrine." PREITEXT10 (1989): 71-80. GarnonsWilliams, B. H. "The Political Mission of Gorgias to Athens in 427 B.C." Classical Quarterly25 (1931):52-56. Gronbeck,Bruce E. "Gorgiason Rhetoricand Poetic: A Rehabilitation." Southern Speech Communication Journal 38 (1972): 27-38. Harrison,E. L. "Was Gorgiasa Sophist?"Phoenix 18 (1964): 183-92. Hays, Steve. "On the SkepticalInfluenceof Gorgias'On Non-Being."Journal of the History of Philosophy 28 (1990): 327-37. Hunter,V. "Thucydides,Gorgias, and Mass Psychology."Hermes 114 (1986): 412-29. Innes, D. C. "Gorgias,Antiphonand Sophistopolis."Argumentation5 (1991): 221-31.

Sophistic Rhetoric and Philosophy: Jacoby, F. "The First AthenianProse Writer."Mnemosyne 13 (1947): 13-64. Kerferd,G. B. "Gorgiason Natureor thatwhich Is Not." Phronesis 1 (1955): 325. Loenen, J. H. M. M. Parmenides, Melissus, Gorgias: A Reinterpretationof Eleatic Philosophy. Assen: Van Gorcum, 1959. MacDowell, Douglas. "Gorgias,Alkidamas,and the Crippsand Palatine Manuscripts."Classical Quarterlyns 11 (1961): 113-24.

31

Mackin, James A., Jr. Gorgias: Encomiumof Helen. Bristol: Bristol Classical P, 1982. McComiskey, Bruce. "DisassemblingPlato'sCritiqueof Rhetoric in the Gorgias (447a-466a)." Rhetoric Review 11 (1992): 79-90. Encomiumto Helen and the Defense of Rhetoric." Poulakos, John. "Gorgias' Rhetorica 1 (1983): 1-16. of Poulakos, Takis. "The HistoricalIntervention Gorgias'Epitaphios: A Brief PRE/TEXT10 (1989): 90-99. History of Classical FuneralOrations." Rosenmeyer, Thomas G. "Gorgias,Aeschylus, and Apate."AmericanJournal of Philology 76 (1955): 225-60. Schiappa,Edward."An Examinationand Exculpationof the Composition Style of 12 Gorgias of Leontini."PREITEXT (1991): 237-57. Segal, CharlesP. "Gorgiasand the Psychology of the Logos." Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 66 (1962): 99-155. Smith, Bromley. "Gorgias:A Study of OratoricalStyle." QuarterlyJournal of Speech Education 7 (1921): 335-59. Solmsen, Friedrich."Restoringan Antithesis to Gorgias (82 B 16 DK)." Classical Quarterly ns 37 (1987): 500-02. Hippias Smith, Bromley. "Hippiasand the Lost Canon of Rhetoric."QuarterlyJournal of Speech Education 12 (1926): 129-45. lamblichi, Anonymous Cole, Andrew Thomas,Jr. "TheAnonymouslamblichi and His Place in Greek Political Theory."Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 65 (1961): 127-63. Prodicus Biesecker, Susan L. "RhetoricalDiscourse and the Constitutionof the Subject: Prodicus' The Choice of Heracles." Argumentation5 (1991): 159-69.

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Henrichs, Albert. "The Sophists and HellenisticReligion: Prodicusas the Spiritual Fatherof the Isis Aretalogies."HarvardStudies in Classical Philology 88 (1984): 139-58. Kerferd,G. B. "The 'Relativism' Prodicus."Bulletinof the John Rylands of Library 37 (1954): 249-56. Smith, Bromley. "Prodicusof Ceos: The Sire of Synonomy."QuarterlyJournal of Speech Education 6 (1920): 51-68. Protagoras The Beattie, Paul. "Protagoras: MalignedPhilosopher." Religious Humanism 14 (1980): 108-15. Bernsen, Niels 0. "Protagoras' Homo-Mensura-Thesis." Classica et Mediaevalia 30 (1969): 109-44. in Burnyeat,M. F. "Protagoras Self-refutation LaterGreekPhilosophy."The and Philosophical Review 85 (1976): 44-69. Burrell,P. S. "Man the Measureof All Things."Philosophy 7 (1932): 27-41; and 7 (1932): 168-84. Chilton, C. W. "An EpicureanView of Protagoras." Phronesis 7 (1962): 105409. Cole, A. T. "The Apology of Protagoras." Yale Classical Studies 19 (1966): 10118.
_"The Relativism of Protagoras." . Yale Classical Studies 22 (1972): 19-45.

Davidson, J. A. "Protagoras, Democritus,andAnaxagoras." Classical Quarterly 47 (1953): 33-45. Eldredge,Laurence."Sophocles,Protagoras, the Natureof GreekCulture." and Antioch Review 25 (1965): 8-12. Epps, P. H. "Protagoras' Famous Statement."Classical Journal 59 (1964):22326. Frings, ManfredS. "Protagoras Rediscovered:Heidegger's Explicationof Protagoras' Fragment." Journal of ValueInquiry8 (1974): 112-23. Gillespie, C. M. "The Truthof Protagoras." Mind 19 (1910): 470-92. Glidden, David K. "Protagorean Obliquity." Historyof Philosophy Quarterly5 (1988): 321-40.
.

Relativism and Physis." Phronesis 20 (1975): 209-27. "Protagorean

Jordan,James E. "Protagoras Relativism:CriticismsBad and Good." and SouthwesternJournal of Philosophy 2 (1971): 7-29. Levi, Adolfo. "TheEthical and Social Thoughtof Protagoras." Mind 49 (1940): 284-302.

Sophistic Rhetoric and Philosophy: Amsterdam:NoordLoenen, Dirk. Protagoras and the Greek Community. Holandsche, 1940. History and Theory25 (1986): the McNeal, RichardA. "Protagoras Historian." 299-318.

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Hermes 100 (1972): Mejer,J0rgen."The Alleged New Fragmentof Protagoras." 175-78. and . "Protagoras the Heracliteans:Some Suggestions Concerning Theaetetus 151d-186e." Classica et Mediaevalia 29 (1972): 40-60. Moore, Stanley. "Democracyand CommodityExchange:Protagorasversus Plato." History of Philosophy Quarterly5 (1988): 357-68. Morrison,J. S. "The Place of Protagorasin AthenianPublic Life (460-415 B.C.)." Classical Quarterly 35 (1941): 1-16. Moser, S., and G. L. Kustas. "A Commenton the Relativism' of Protagoras." Phoenix 20 (1966): 111-15. and Muir, J. V. "Protagoras Educationat Thourioi."Greece and Rome 29 (1982): 17-24. Nill, Michael. Morality and Self-interestin Protagoras, Antiphon, and Democritus. Leiden: Brill, 1985. Payne, David. "Rhetoric,Reality, and Knowledge:A Re-examination of Protagoras'Concept of Rhetoric."Rhetoric Society Quarterly 16 (1986): 187-97. Dialogue 23 (1981): 58Ritter, Michelle R. "In Searchof the Real Protagoras." 65. and Roseman, N. "Protagoras the Foundationsof His EducationalThought." Paedagogica Historica 11 (1971): 75-89. Schiappa,Edward.Protagoras and Logos: A Studyin GreekPhilosophy and Rhetoric. Columbia: U of South CarolinaP, 1991. Schiller, F. C. S. Plato or Protagoras? Oxford:Basil Blackwell, 1908. Sesonske, Alexander."To Make the WeakerArgumentDefeat the Stronger." Journal of the History of Philosophy 6 (1968): 217-3 1. Simmons, George C. "The Humanismof the Sophists with Emphasis on Protagorasof Abdera."Educational Theory 19 (1969): 29-39. on . "Protagoras Educationand Society."Paedagogica Historica 12 (1972): 518-37. of Smith, Bromley. "TheFatherof Debate:Protagoras Abdera."QuarterlyJournal of Speech 4 (1918): 196-215.

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NewtonP. "Protagoras theCritics." and Journal of Philosophy 35 Stallknecht, 39-45. (1938): Lazlo."Protagoras' Man-Measure Fragment." AmericanJournal of Versdnyi, Philology83 (1962): 178-84. Paul."Didymus Protagoras theProtagoreans." on Journal of the Woodruff, and History of Philosophy 23 (1985): 483-97. A Zaslavsky, Robert. 'The Platonic Godfather: Noteon theProtagoras Myth." Journal of Value Inquiry 16 (1982):79-82.

PART IV:
AND PHILOSOPHY: NEO-SOPHISTIC RHETORIC CONTEMPORARY USES OF SOPHISTICDOCTRINES The recentturnto the sophistsin research classicalrhetoric due in part,I is on and rhetorical studiesfrommodernist believe,to a shiftin contemporary (Platonic Aristotelian)epistemologiesand ideologies to postmodern("neo-sophistic") and epistemologies ideologies.The followingsourcesexaminethe relationships of between theories rhetoric sophistic and doctrines. contemporary Backman, Mark. Rhetoric and the Rise of Self-Consciousness. Woodbridge, CT: Ox Bow, 1991.
PREITEXT 5 JamesS. "Decorum, and Rhetoric." Baumlin, Kairos, the'New' (1984): 171-81.

Biesecker, SusanL. "Rhetorical Discourse theConstitution the Subject: and of Prodicus' Choice of Heracles."Argumentation5 (1991): 159-69. The "Of and Crowley,Sharon. Gorgias Grammatology." College Compositionand Communication30 (1979):279-84.
.___

"A Plea for the Revivalof Sophistry." Rhetoric Review 7 (1989):318-34.

Innes,D. C. "Gorgias, Antiphon Sophistopolis." and Argumentation5 (1991): 221-31. Susan."TheFirstSophists Feminism: and Jarratt, Discourses the Other." of Hypatia 5 (1990):27-41.
_"The FirstSophists . andthePoliticsof Techne."Discurrendo 3 (1990):27.
.__

"TheFirstSophists theUses of History."Rhetoric Review 6 (1987): and

67-77. . Rereading the Sophists: Classical RhetoricRefigured.Carbondale:

Southern IllinoisUP, 1991.

and Rhetoric Philosophy: Sophistic

35

. 'The Role of the Sophists in Histories of Consciousness."Philosophy and Rhetoric 23 (1990): 85-95. " 8 PREITEXT (1987): 9-26. "Towarda Sophistic Historiography." The Sophistic theUnityof Rhetoric." Rhetoric of the and "Modem Leff, Michael. Human Sciences: Language and Argumentin Scholarshipand Public Affairs.

The N. Madison: Ed.JohnS. Nelson,AllanMegill,andDonald McCloskey.

U of Wisconsin P, 1987. 19-37. Rhetoric Revalued. Ed. Brian Vickers. Moss, Roger. "The Case for Sophistry." Binghamton,NY: Centerfor Medievaland EarlyRenaissanceStudies, 1986. 207-24. Neel, Jasper.Plato, Derrida, and Writing.Carbondale:SouthernIllinois UP, 1988.

Governance." Departmental and Sophistry, Democratic Gorgias, . "Protagoras,

ADE Bulletin 90 (1988):27-34. Encomiumto Helen andtheDefenseof Rhetoric." John."Gorgias' Poulakos, Rhetorica 1 (1983): 1-16. Philosophy A to Rhetoric: Response Schiappa." Sophistical . "Interpreting and Rhetoric 23 (1990): 218-28.

Introduction." Argumentation5 Rhetoric: . "NewIdiomsfor Sophistical

(1991): 109-15. . "Rhetoric,the Sophists, and the Possible." CommunicationMonographs 51 (1984): 215-26. . "Towarda Sophistic Definition of Rhetoric."Philosophy and Rhetoric 16 (1983): 35-48. Schiappa,Edward."Historyand Neo-Sophistic Criticism:A Reply to Poulakos." Philosophy and Rhetoric 23 (1990): 307-15. . "Neo-SophisticRhetoricalCriticismand the HistoricalReconstructionof Sophistic Doctrines."Philosophy and Rhetoric 23 (1990): 192-217.
_

. Sophistic Rhetoric:Oasis or Mirage."Rhetoric Review 10 (1991): 5-18.

Sutton,Jane. "RereadingSophisticalArguments:A Political Intervention." Argumentation5 (1991): 141-57. Vitanza, Victor J. "CriticalSub/Versionsof the History of Philosophical Rhetoric."Rhetoric Review 6 (1987): 41-66.
_"'Some More'Notes, Towarda 'Third' Sophistic."Argumentation5 (1991): . 117-39.

NY: Cornell UP, White, Eric Charles.Kaironomia:On the Will to Invent. Ithaca, 1987.

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BruceMcComiskey

"TheFeminist Sophistic FromEuripides theVietnam Enterprise: to Wick,Audrey. War." Rhetoric Society Quarterly 22 (1992): 27-38.

PART V:
MISCELLANEOUS

The followingsourcesareof significant valueto research the sophists,butare on noteasilycategorized. Some,forexample, withthe sophists movebeyond deal but thefifthcentury BCEin scope.Others examine issuessuchas education, particular democracy, and apate (deception), kairos (theopportune moment) arecrucial that to an understanding sophisticteachings whichdo not necessarily of but relateto any sophistin particular to "thesophists" a group. or as A. Barnes and Beck,Frederick G. GreekEducation:450-350 B.C. New York: Noble, 1964. Belfiore,Elizabeth. "Elenchus,Epode, andMagic." Phoenix 34 (1980): 128-37. Blank,DavidL. "Socratics on versusSophists Payment Teaching." for Classical Antiquity4 (1985): 1-49. in of Michael."Stasis andKairos: Principles SocialConstruction Classical Carter, Rhetoric." Rhetoric Review 7 (1988):97-112. "TheStudyof Language Socrates' Classen,CarlJoachim. amongst Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Contemporaries." Sophistik.Ed.Classen. Buchgesellschaft, 1976.215-47.
The JohnsHopkins Cole, A. Thomas. Origins of GreekRhetoric. Baltimore: UP, 1972.

Robert "Greek Rhetoric theTransition Orality." and from J. Connors, Philosophy and Rhetoric 19 (1986): 38-65. deRomilly, Jacqueline. Magic and Rhetoricin Ancient Greece. Cambridge: Harvard 1974. UP, Enos,Richard Leo."Aristotle, Empedocles, theNotionof Rhetoric." Search and In of Justice: The Indiana Traditionin Speech Communication. R. Jensen Ed. andJ. Hammerback. Amsterdam: Rodopi,1987.5-21. Kathleen. Freeman, Companionto the Pre-SocraticPhilosophers. 3rded. Oxford: BasilBlackwell,1953.
A Gomperz, Theodor. Greek Thinkers: History of AncientPhilosophy. Trans.

4 Laurie Magnus. vols. London: JohnMurray, 1901. Andreas. Language, "On in and Graeser, Thought, Reality Ancient Greek Philosophy." Dialectica 31 (1977):359-88.

Sophistic Rhetoric and Philosophy:

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Havelock, Eric A. The Liberal Temperin GreekPolitics. New Haven: Yale UP, 1957. . The Literate Revolution in Greece and Its Cultural Consequences. Princeton:PrincetonUP, 1982. Jaeger, Werner.Paideia: The Ideals of Greek Culture. 3 vols. Rev. ed. Trans. Gilbert Highet. New York:Oxford UP, 1945. Kennedy, George A. TheArt of Persuasion in Greece. Princeton:Princeton UP, 1963. . Classical Rhetoric and Its Christianand Secular Traditionfrom Ancient to Modern Times. Chapel Hill: U of North CarolinaP, 1980. Kinneavy, James L. "Kairos:A Neglected Concept in Classical Rhetoric." Rhetoric and Praxis: The Contributionof Classical Rhetoric to Practical Reasoning.. Ed. Jean Dietz Moss. WashingtonD. C.: Catholic U of America P. 1986. 79-105. Lloyd, G. E. R. Polarity and Analogy: Two Types of Argumentationin Early Greek Thought.Cambridge:CambridgeUP, 1966. Moulder,James. "New Ideason Early GreekPhilosophy."SouthAfricanJournal of Philosophy 2 (1983): 87-91. Nehamas, Alexander."Eristic,Antilogic, Sophistic, Dialectic: Plato's Demarcation of Philosophy from Sophistry."History of Philosophy Quarterly7 (1990): 316. Poulakos, John. "Hegel's Reception of the Sophists." WesternJournal of Speech Communication54 (1990): 160-71. of Poulakos, Takis. "Historiographies the Traditionof Rhetoric:A Brief History of Classical FuneralOrations."WesternJournal of Speech Communication54 (1990): 172-88. Rankin, H. D. Sophists, Socratics, and Cynics. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1983. Rose, Peter W. "Sophocles'Philoctetes and the Teachings of the Sophists." Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 80 (1976): 49-105. AmericanJournal of Philology Schiappa,Edward."Did Plato Coin Rhetorike?" 111 (1990): 457-70. Shaw, Daniel C. "Nietzsche as Sophist: A Polemic." International Philosophical Quarterly 26 (1986): 331-39. Solmsen, Friedrich.Intellectual Experimentsof the Greek Enlightenment. Princeton:PrincetonUP, 1975. Stanton, G. R. "Sophists and Philosophers:Problems of Classification." AmericanJournal of Philology 94 (1973): 350-64.

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Rhetorsand TheirIlliterateAudiences:The Oralityof Swearingen,C. Jan."Literate Early Literacy."PREITEXT (1986): 145-62. 7 Thomr, Paul. "A LesniewskianReadingof Ancient Ontology:Parmenidesto Democritus."History and Philosophy of Logic 7 (1986): 155-66. Whitson, Steve. "On the Misadventures the Sophists:Hegel's Tropological of Appropriation Rhetoric."Argumentation (1991): 187-200. of 5 Wiesenthal,Max. "Friedrich Nietzsche and the GreekSophistic."Trans.KerryK. Riley-Nuss. Argumentation5 (1991): 201- 20. Wilcox, S. "The Scope of EarlyRhetoricalInstruction." HarvardStudies in Classical Philology 46 (1942): 121-55. Wilkerson, K. E. "FromHero to Citizen:Persuasionin Early Greece."Philosophy and Rhetoric 15 (1982): 104-25. Bruce McComiskey East CarolinaUniversity