What is Operating System ?

DEFINITION Operating System is a collection of programs that coordinates the operation of computer hardware & software.

Functions of Operating System

Process Management Memory Management Data Management I/O Management

Linux Architecture

Other Programs Shell Kernel

Hardware

What is Kernel ?

A set of functions that make up the heart of an OS It is used to provide an application interface between programs and physical devices. Services provided by the kernel Controls execution of processes. Scheduling processes fairly for execution on the CPU. Allocating memory for an executing process.

What is Shell ?

Shell is the interface between the user and the kernel. Services provided by the shell It interprets all the commands to the kernel The kernel after processing the commands gives back to the shell.

Linux Architecture works

USER
C Shell

KERNEL

Borne Shell

Shells
TC Shell

Korn Shell

HARDWARE

Linux Architecture works

USER
C Shell

KERNEL

Borne Shell

Shells
TC Shell

Korn Shell

HARDWARE

History of Unix

MULTICS PROJECT It was started in 1965 on Main frame GE 645 by the joint effort of AT & T Bell Labs General Electricals Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Multics was written in Assembly Language In 1969 Multics project was dropped.

History of Unix

In 1969, Ken Thompson & Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs - AT&T redesigned the Multics and introduced New OS UNICS (Uniplexed Information & computing system) It is written in 80 percent of C language and 20 percent assembly language. Later on totally rewritten in C language and named as UNIX (1973 ).

Flavors of UNIX
Vendor OS

AT & T, Bell labs Sun IBM SG SCO BSD HP

SYS III - SYS V SunOS - Solaris AIX IRIX SCO Unix Free BSD Linux HPUX

History of Unix

In 1988, AT&T shocked the UNIX community by purchasing a percentage of Sun Microsystems which became a threat for other vendors. So, other vendors quickly formed a consortium group called OSF and former formed their group named UI.
UI (Unix International) AT & T Sun Data General Unisys All Others OSF (Open Software Foundation)

Features of Linux Open Source - Free Multitasking Multi-User Portable Scalability Reliability Biggest servers on this planet running Linux without single second of downtime from last 10yrs Security Inbuilt firewall (iptables)

History of Linux

In 1990s, Linus Torvalds ,a graduate student form University of Helsinky designed a UNIX like kernel on 386 Intel machine and gave this to OSF. Linux Kernel was bundled with many software's from various distributors and it gave rise to many flavors of LINUX.

Linux Distribution

RedHat Linux Versions

Free Editions RedHat 1 To RedHat 9 Fedora core 1 Fedora core 2 Fedora core 3

Commercial Editions

RHEL 1 RHEL 2

RHEL 3 Fedora core 4 Fedora core 5 Fedora core 6 RHEL 4 RHEL 5 - beta

RHEL 4 - Requirements

Editions

Processors

Minimum RAM 128 MB

Maximum RAM 4 GB

Minimum Hard disk 2.3 GB

Desktop

Workstation

128 MB

4 GB

3 GB

Enterprise

128 MB

8 GB

3 GB

Advanced

16

128 MB

64 GB

3 GB

Red Hat Certifications - RHCE

RHCE One exam, with two parts:
Section I: Troubleshooting and System Maintenance (2.5 hours) Section II: Installation and Configuration (3 hours) Passing the RHCE exam requires the following:
a score of 80 or higher on Section I, consisting of five compulsory and five optionals problems successful completion of Section I compulsory problems within 1 hour 70 percent or more on the RHCT-level skills in Section II 70 percent or more on the RHCE-level skills in Section II

Red Hat Certifications - RHCT

RHCT One exam, with two parts:
Section I: Troubleshooting and System Maintenance (1 hour) Section II: Installation and Configuration (2 hours) Passing the RHCT exam requires the following:
Successful completion of all troubleshooting problems in Section I A score of 70 percent or higher on Section II