Review Unit #13

Chapter #15

1.

Devise a scheme to separate a mixture of Ag+ , Ba 2+ and Zn 2+.

Ag+ and Ba2+ and Zn2+ Add HCl Ba 2+ and Zn 2+

AgCl BaSO4

Add H2SO4 Zn2+ in solution

To separate out the silver add hydrochloric acid until all the silver precipitates out as silver chloride Now you have a mixture of barium and zinc ions Add sulfuric acid to the mixture to precipitate out the barium as barium sulfate, leaving zinc ions alone in solution

2.

A student is asked to prepare a buffer solution at pH = 8.60, using one of the following weak acids: HA (Ka = 2.7 x 10 3 ), HB (Ka = 4.4 x 10 6 ), HC (Ka = 2.6 x 10 9 ). Which acid should she choose? Why?

Acid HC. Acid HC has a pKa almost equal to the pH you are seeking. When the pH and pKa are almost equal then equal amounts of the acid and the conjugate base give you the right buffer.

3. A buffer is prepared by mixing 525 mL of 0.50 M formic acid, HCHO2, and 475 mL of 0.50 M sodium formate, NaCHO2. Ka = 1.8 x 10 4 . a. Calculate the pH of this buffer solution.
pKa = 3.74 pH = pKa + Log [CHO2-] [HCHO2] [HCHO2] = (.525 L)(0.50 M) = 0.263 M (1.00 L) [CHO2-] = (.475 L)(0.50 M)= 0.238 M (1.00 L)

pH = 3.74 + Log (.238)/(.263) = 3.70

B. What is the pH of 85 mL of the buffer to which 8.5 mL of 0.15 M hydrochloric acid has been added?

CHO2- + H3O+ HCHO2 + H2O -] = (.085 L)(0.238 M) = 0.0202 mol [CHO2 [HCHO2] = (.085 L)(0.263 M) = 0.0224 mol [H3O+] = (0.0085 L)(0.15M) = 0.00128 mol
[CHO2-] = (0.0202 - .00128) = 0.202 M (0.0935 L) [HCHO2] = (0.0224 + .00128) = 0.253 M (0.0935 L) pH = 3.74 + Log (.202)/(.253) = 3.64

4. A 1.24 gram sample of benzoic acid, HC7H5O2, is dissolved in water to give 50.0 mL of solution. Ka for benzoic acid is 6.5 x 10 5. This solution is titrated with 0.180 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH, solution. Calculate the pH of the resulting solution: a. after 15.0 mL of NaOH has been added. 1.24 g 1 mol = .0102 mol / 0.050 L = .203 M Ka =[H+][base] 122 g [acid-base] (0.050L)(.203 M) = .0102 mol Acid (0.0150L)(.180 M) = .00270 mol Base XS acid = 0.00750 mol Acid / 0.065 L = 0.115 M Conjugate Base = .00270 mol/.065 L = 0.0415 M
pKa =4.18 pH = 4.18 + log [.0415]/[.115] = 3.74

4. A 1.24 gram sample of benzoic acid, HC7H5O2, is dissolved in water to give 50.0 mL of solution. Ka for benzoic acid is 6.5 x 10 5. This solution is titrated with 0.180 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH, solution. Calculate the pH of the resulting solution:

b. at the halfway point of the titration. pH = pKa pH = 4.18

4. A 1.24 gram sample of benzoic acid, HC7H5O2, is dissolved in water to give 50.0 mL of solution. Ka for benzoic acid is 6.5 x 10 5. This solution is titrated with 0.180 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH, solution. Calculate the pH of the resulting solution:

c. at the equivalence point. Kb = Kw/Ka = 1.54 x 10-10

mL base = 50 mL A .203 Mol A 1 mol B 1L B 1LA 1 mol A .180 mol B Kb = x2/0.0954 M mL base = 56.4 mL [base] = (.0564 L)(.180 M) = 0.0954 MX = [OH ] = 3.83 x 10-6 M (0.1064L)

pH 8.58

d. After 60.00 mL of NaOH is added

A 1.24 gram sample of benzoic acid, HC7H5O2, is dissolved in water to give 50.0 mL of solution. Ka for benzoic acid is 6.5 x 10 5. This solution is titrated with 0.180 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH, solution. Calculate the pH of the resulting solution:

Acid present = 0.0102 mol Base preset = 0.0108 mol XS [OH-] = 0.0006 mol/ .110 L = .00545 M pOH = 2.26 pH = 11.74