Spring 2013 Semester Seminar Presentation

Microbots and Their Role in Medical Mission

Presented by Aheibam Laxmi, 12EC65D01

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KHARAGPUR

28TH Jan 2013 1/19

Electronics & Electrical Communication Engineering

Scope of Presentation 1. Introduction What are Microbots? 2. 2 How it looks like? 3 3. PillCam realizing Feynmans Dream Ca ea g ey a s ea 4. Technologies behind Microbots 5. Various Researches on Microbots for Medical Mission 6. Criticalities & Conclusion
Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan 13 2/19

Introduction What are Microbots? The microbot is acronym for microscopic robot. microbot microscopic robot . Blending biological, mechanical and electronic systems(sub-systems) with phenomenal precision as well as accuracy, microbot is a fully integrated sophisticated system, hi ti t d t o blurring the lines between men and machines and o transforming fiction into reality.

Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP

28TH Jan 13

3/19

How it Looks Like?

Fig. Solar-powered Fig Solar powered and self-motile microbot

Fig. Fig Insect like microbot

Fig. Proteus Small Piezoelectric Microbot

Fig. MC-1 Bacteria based Magnetic Microbots

28TH Jan 13

[Courtesy: http://www.azorobotics.com/article.aspx?ArticleId=14 ]
Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 4/19

1959 : In a surgery, if you could swallow the surgeon..........

2001: PillCam by Given Imaging Inc, Israel Realizing Feymans Dream

PillCam (11 x 32 mm)

Wireless Power Transmission (WPT)

Today more than 1.6million patients h d h illi i have experienced ( i d (Not i India!!) in di )

But Why PillCam (Wireless Capsule Endoscopy)?

[ [Courtesy: Guobing Pan and Litong Wang, Swallowable Wireless Capsule Endoscopy: Progress and y g g g, p py g Technical Challenges, Gastroenterology Research and Practice, vol. 2012, Article ID 841691, 9 pages, 2012. and http://marty4650.blogspot.in/2010/09/amazing-pill-cam.html] Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan 13 5/19

Technologies behind Microbots MRI b based Technology d h l

But How MRI Technology will help to guide/control microbot?

[Courtesy: www.magnet.fsu.edu, www.howstuffworks.com and IEEE Spectrum , Oct 2012]
Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan 13 6/19

MC-1 MTB: Magnetotactic Bacteria Natural Magnetic Micro-Carrier g

Size: 2 micrometer in Diameter

MC-1 MTB

[Courtesy: IEEE Spectrum, Oct 2012 And Journal of National Center for Biotechnology Information, Apr 2009]

Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP

28TH Jan 13

7/19

Technologies behind Microbots Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS):

A technology --where miniaturized mechanical and electro-mechanical elements (i e devices and structures) that are made using the techniques of (i.e., microfabrication.

Fig. Fig A MEMS based microbot fabricated by Switzerland's ETH team in Zurich, compared in size to head of a fruit fly, 2010
[Courtesy: EETimes, https://www.mems-exchange.org/MEMS/what-is.html & IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation]
Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan 13 8/19

Synthetic Biology:
Synthetic Biology refers t S th ti Bi l f to: design and construction of new biological parts, devices, and systems re-design existing, re design of existing natural biological systems for useful purposes purposes.

Fig No. Muscle-Powered Micro Machine [Courtesy: http://www.technovelgy.com and IEEE Spectrum, 2012]
Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan 13 9/19

Piezo-Electric Material Technology

Piezo-Electric M t i l h ability t produce --Pi El t i Material has bilit to d voltage output in response to an applied stress strain output (or deformation) in response to an applied voltage

Monash University in Victoria, Australia o uses 2nd property to rotate a flagellum like tail flagellum-like tail. o motor can propel a microbot through bloodstream at up to 6 cm/sec
[Courtesy: Monash University, Australia]
Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan 13 10/19

Various Researches on making Microbots Steerable Surgeon St bl S

Courtesy: Body design: Power source: Steering Mechanism: Tracking device: g Size (length): Applications: Status:

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich ; Flat nickel parts are assembled to make a 3 D tool; 3-D External electromagnetic coils; Magnetic field gradients; Microscope; p ; 1 millimeter; Retinal surgeries, drug therapy for ocular disease; Navigation has been tested in rabbit eyes.
28TH Jan 13 11/19

Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP

Robot Pills

Courtesy: Body design: Power source: Steering mechanism: Tracking device: g Size (length): Applications: Status:

Scuola Superiore SantAnna, Pisa, Italy; A capsule contains a magnet, camera, wireless chip, and set of mechanical legs. legs DC motors, magnets outside the body; Magnetic field gradients; Camera, wireless telemetry system; , y y ; 2 centimeters; Disease screening; Visual inspection has been tested in a pigs intestines.
28TH Jan 13 12/19

Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP

Plaque Bluster

Courtesy: Body design:

Chonnam National University, South Korea; A magnetic capsule is equipped with a micro drill head; Power source: Electromagnetic coils; Steering mechanism: Magnetic field gradients; Tracking device: MRI and X-ray imaging; Size (length): Si (l h) 10 millimeters; illi Application: Removal of plaque in the arteries; Status: Prototype is being developed.

Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP

28TH Jan 13

13/19

Magnetic Microcarriers

Courtesy: Body design:

cole Polytechnique de Montral, Canada; Magnetic nanoparticles and anticancer drugs are encased in a biodegradable polymer sac; Power source: MRI machine; Steering mechanism: Magnetic field gradients; Tracking device: MRI imaging; Size (diameter): 50 micrometers; Application: Anticancer drug delivery; Status: Navigation and drug release have been tested in rabbits
Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan 13 14/19

Bacteriabots

Courtesy: Body design: Power source: Steering mechanism: Tracking device: Size (diameter): i di Application: Status:

Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh; Swarms of bacteria self-attach to polymer beads; Flagella of living bacteria; Chemical, gas, temperature, or acidity gradients; Fluorescent or X-ray imaging; 55 micrometers; Disease diagnosis and drug delivery; Chemical navigation has been tested in the lab

Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP

28TH Jan 13

15/19

Corkscrew Swimmers

Courtesy: Body design:

Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia; A capsule contains a piezoelectric rotary motor that whips an attached tail; Power source: Wireless power transmission; Steering mechanism: Piezoelectric vibrations; Tracking device: X-ray imaging; Size (diameter): 250 micrometers; Application: Vessel navigation; Status: Motor has been tested using applied electric currents in the lab
Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan 13 16/19

Criticalities and Conclusion

Major Criticalities: o To achieve microbots of few micron size o Steering mechanism for such a small size size. There are so many Unanswered Questions! oH How many micrbots are needed t d li i b t d d to deliver enough d h drugs t to kill a tumor? o What amount of bacteria is safe to inject in humans? o Will the body raise antibodies against them? Still, we need to wander with a big hope that oneday microbot will contribute heavily and successfully to t e journey o their jou ey on Medical Mission! ed ca ss o !
Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan 13 17/19

References
[1] Sylvain Martel ,Magnetic Microbots to Fight Cancer : Magnets steer Magnetic medical microbots through blood vessels, "IEEE Spectrum Inside Technology", Spectrum, IEEE , Oct 2012. [2] Guobing Pan and Litong Wang Swallowable Wireless Capsule Endoscopy: Wang, Swallowable Progress and Technical Challenges, Gastroenterology Research and Practice, vol. 2012, Article ID 841691, 9 pages, 2012 [3] Steltz E ; Seeman M ; Avadhanula S ; Fearing R S ; , "Power Electronics Steltz, E.; Seeman, M.; Avadhanula, S.; Fearing, R.S.; Power Design Choice for Piezoelectric Microrobots," Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1322-1328, 9-15 Oct. Oct 2006 [4] Sylvain Martel, Mahmood Mohammadi, Ouajdi Felfoul, Zhao Lu, and Pierre Pouponneau, Flagellated Magnetotactic Bacteria as Controlled MRI-trackable Propulsion and Steering Systems for Medical Nanorobots Operating in the Human Microvasculature, Int J Rob Res. 2009 April 1; 28(4): 571582. [5] http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Science-Fiction-News.asp?NewsNum=46 [6] http://www.azorobotics.com/article.aspx?ArticleId=14
Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan 13 18/19

Thank Th k you!! !!

Seminar on Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP

28TH Jan 13

19/19