A Technical Seminar On

SMART CARD TECHNOLOGY

A seminar Report submitted to In Partial fulfillment of the requirements For the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING By V.SRIKANTH 09QH1A0444

Under the Esteemed Guidance of Dr.K.V.S.S.S.S.SAIRAM

B.E, M.TECH., PH.D,

(Professor & Head of Dept. of ECE)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

HOLY MARY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

BOGARAM, KEESARA (MDL), RANGAREDDY (Dist) - 501301 (Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad) 2009-13

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING HOLY MARY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BOGARAM, KEESARA (MDL), RANGAREDDY (Dist) - 501301

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the seminar report entitled

SMART CARD TECHNOLOGY

Is a bonafied record of work carried By
V.SRIKANTH (09QH1A0444)

In the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING from JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY is a record of bonafide work carried out by her in this department

HEAD OF THE DEPT

INTERNAL GUIDE

Dr. K.S.S.S.S.SAIRAM
B.E.,M.Tech., Ph.D,.,

M. KISHORE Assistant professor

(Professor & HOD of ECE Dept)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The compilation of this seminar would not have been possible without the support and guidance of the following people and organization. With my deep sense of gratitude. I thank my respected teachers for supporting this topic of my seminar. This seminar report provides me with an opportunity to put into knowledge of advanced technology/ I thereby take the privilege opportunity to thank my guide and my friends whose help and guidance made this study a possibility I would like to express my gratitude with a word of thanks to all of those who are directly or indirectly with this report. V.SRIKANTH (09QH1A0444)

CONTENTS
TOPICS PG.NO

I. INTRODUCTION------------------------------------------------------------ 1

II.MPORTANCE OF STUDY------------------------------------------------ 2 III.AN OVERVIEW OF SMART CARD TECHNOLOGY ------------- 3 A. Smart card advantages B. Types of smart card C. Smart card applications IV.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY---------------------------------------V. DISCUSION AND CONCLUSION-----------------------------------VI. REFERENCES ----------------------------------------------------------7 8 9

I. INTRODUCTION
A smart card is a plastic card with an embedded microprocessor chip (usually small gold colored metal module), capable of storing, processing, calculating, managing and performing cryptography algorithm on a significant amount of data which can be either value or information or both. Most smart cards resemble the size of a standard credit card. Smart cards provide maximum security and convenience, and also data portability. It makes possible sophisticated and portable data processing applications, and has proven to be more reliable than magnetic strip cards.

Assume a student at a university may use the university identification card (ID card) as a basic form of identification to gain access to the universitys facilities, using university library, purchase meals or decrease value from a meal plan, purchase materials and supplies from the university store, or use universitys vending machines. Additionally, some cards may also be used to access the universitys computer systems, network and intranet or internet. In this situation, likelihood the contactless reader cannot detect the smart card. The use of multiple technologies or multi applications on a single ID card can reduce card issuance, administrative costs and provide users with the convenience of a single access ID credential. One example of a multi application card is the student campus ID card, however the point is that, the students should accept the new

technology otherwise developing new technology will not be successful. It is important to note that consumer acceptance and confidence are vital for the further development of smart card technology. According to one of the factors that have a direct effect on technology acceptance is awareness so it is understood that for successfully implementation of smart card technology, awareness should be addressed. This paper is going to study and investigate the students awareness of smart card technology and identify the features, characteristics, and advantages of smart card technology.

II. IMPORTANCE OF STUDY

Take a look in Middle Easterns wallet and what will be found? Notes, coins, driving License, a library card, paper identity card and other cards will be found and maybe some credit cards. All these documents could be replaced by just two or three smart cards. Smart cards are being used in a number of ways around the world, replacing a wallet's content bit by bit. As a result of adopting smart card technology, one card can be used for all. Smart cards protect against a full range of security threats, from careless storage of user passwords to sophisticated system hacks. There are a lot of advantages to use of smart cards in wide variety applications in daily life, for example government, financial services, transportation, telecommunication, healthcare, network security, education, retail, and many other industries. In order to reduce the number of vehicles stuck in congestion, especially for stop and go traffic at toll plazas, the establishment of smart card systems has been a hot issue and dominant trend in many countries. Faced with annually increasing demand for travel and transport of goods, transportation systems are reaching the limits of their existing capacity. Heavy highway congestion has become one of most serious urban problems. Furthermore, by using the smart cards banks have been able to replace their current cards (ATM, debit, credit account, and travel and entertainment cheque) with one card. Beside that smart cards are also being used in quite a few countries as electronic purses (such as Singapore). On the other hand, many retailers have started using smart cards as loyalty cards.

Nowadays the main trend is the use of multiple application cards. A multiple application card is a smart card that can support different types of applications on the card itself thereby reducing the number of cards in the wallet. The big scale use for this card is a national e-ID for the citizens. A quickly growing application is in digital identification cards. In this application, the cards are used for authentication of identity. National identity schemes are used in over 100 nations, and may combine the functions of social security cards, driver's licenses, immigration documents, and other identification documents such as Malaysian identity card. Although the technology used to implement a smart card program is important, educating and awareness of the end users is also significant. Technology should be clearly introduced to people and they have to be aware of its characteristics, features, and benefits. On other hand, user awareness is a key to act against fraud and identity theft. The users need to understand functions of card because sometimes they do not know how they should use their cards and even what the advantages of using them are, and how they can benefit users. As we know, different applications involve different user behavior so they should be aware of the usage and application of smart cards. In all applications, educating the user is a key element to integrate in any kind of smart card deployment. An application features play an important role in determining whether individuals involved in an activity will use it or not. The users need to know how they should protect the card and why they need to protect the card. Users awareness about smart card can assist them to understand the technology, for example, contactless card adopters must be aware of the probability of slow transactions or business logic problems when more than one card enters the radio frequency field (i.e., if a card holder has two in a wallet), or where the reader must deal with more than one modulation scheme. Card holder education is needed to deal with the first problem, and in the second case, it is highly preferable to choose a single modulation scheme. Assume person X who is working in a large company. Then each of the employees has access permission to different facilities and different physical places. And also he or she needs to access the servers inside the company for various purposes like sending mail and accessing databases of the company. If there is one lock for each door and just one password for each server and some money in his or her pocket to buy things from the local restaurant, so he or she needs to carry a lot of things and memorizes many

passwords, but actually he or she could use only one smart card for all these. Smart card technology is not well defined in Middle Eastern countries and therefore it is not used in a large scale. The purpose of this study is to present a general overview of smart card technology and identify the smart cards benefits, features and characteristics. The level of users knowledge and awareness about smart card technology is also described.

III.

AN OVERVIEW OF SMART CARD TECHNOLOGY

Smart card technology makes possible sophisticated and portable data processing Applications, and has proven to be more reliable than magnetic strip cards. The interest in smart card technologies worldwide is driven by several factors, including security against identity theft and web fraud, efficiency of service delivery and user convenience. Smart cards are secure devices that enable positive user identification. They are multifunctional and cost effective devices that can be easily adapted for both physical and logical access. Logical access control concerns familiar principles such as password checking or the more sophisticated cryptographic mechanisms for authentication such as windows logon, virtual private network (VPN) access, network authentication, biometric storage and others. Physical access control relates to identification (ID) badges and building access control. Smart cards are called smart because they contain a computer chip. Indeed, smart cards are often referred to as chip cards or integrated circuit cards. A great deal turns on the sophistication of this chip.

A.Smart card advantages Smart cards contain unique features that bring many benefits. Compared to conventional data transmission devices such as magnetic stripe cards, smart cards offer enhanced security, convenience and economic benefits. In addition, smart cards are highly configurable to suit individual needs. Finally, smart cards have many advantages, among others, are briefly listed as below: Smart cards are capable of performing encryption that can implement issuer's and user's requirements for the highest degree of security. If an attacker obtains a smart card and the related personal identification number (PIN), they will not be able to clone the card or use it to spawn counterfeits. Biometric authentication methods which rely on personal physical attributes, smart cards are used in distributing government welfare payments in order to reduce frauds and abuse. Each smart card has unique serial number, for all practical purposes, it is impossible to copy or counterfeit a smart card. Smart cards can be configured to reveal their data only to especially qualified and authenticated terminal equipment. Chip is tamper resistant memory; it makes smart cards capable of true mutual authentication in online transactions. It allows the client side of a transaction to actively verify the identity of the server before the server identifies the client. This property assists in countering man-in-the-middle attack. And help protect against website fraud and phishing. Smart cards reduce transaction costs by eliminating paper and paper handling costs and reduce document processing costs by allowing immediate access to information stored in smart cards. In other words, they can contain more detailed data and enable many services to be integrated. A smart card contains all the data needed to personalize networking, Web connection, payments and other applications. Web servers will verify the user's identity and present a customized Web page, an e-mail connection and other authorized services based on the data read from a smart card. Personal

settings for electronic appliances, including computers will be stored in smart cards rather than in the appliances themselves. A single smartcard can perform multiple independent tasks, for example the College identification card. Durability and long expected life span (guaranteed by vendor for up to 10,000 read or writes before failure). Smart cards can communicate with computing devices through a smart card reader. Information and applications on a card can be updated without having to issue new cards. Smart cards can proceed independently from a back end system or offline. In support of authentication process it needs two or sometimes three factors of something users know (PIN), something users have (card) or something users are (biometrics).

B. Types of smart card

Smart cards have different types according to their chip and interface to communicate with the reader. There are two different types of chip: Memory chips which are similar to magnetic stripe cards, they are not programmable after manufacture and only capable to store data. They are suitable for the system that performs a fixed operation and use as pre-paid cards or identification card, in systems where low cost is the main consideration. The advantages of this type of card lies in simple technology, and therefore incur low cost, and also it is easy to support, while the disadvantage is that the card cannot be reused once it is empty. Microprocessor chips contain a computer on a chip, with operating system, and read or write memory that can be updated many times. Microprocessor cards contain and execute logic and calculations, and store data in accordance with their operating. Microprocessor cards are able to store private keys and execute modern cryptographic algorithms.

 Possible application areas for microprocessor cards include identification, access control systems for restricted areas and computers, secure data storage, electronic signatures and electronic purses. Microprocessor cards are useful for multiple applications because of their storage capacity, level of security, general flexibility, and the ability to execute cryptographic algorithm. Smart cards interfaces are described by which electrical power is supplied to the integrated circuit card and data is transferred from the card to an interface device (i.e., smart card reader). Due to the communication with the reader and functionality of smart cards, they are classified to the following: Contact smart cards require physically communicates with the reader so the reader can establish a direct electrical contact with the chip. Contact cards are generally used for a wide variety of applications, including financial transactions and logical access control. Contactless smart cards do not require physical contact with the reader but enable Communication with the reader through radio frequency and has an embedded transmitted. Therefore they are particularly suitable for applications in which persons or objects should be quickly identified such as access control, local public transportation, ski passes, airline tickets, and baggage identification. Hybrid smart cards which contain two chips that are not connected to each other, one of them support contact interface and another one support contactless interface. Dual-interface smart cards that contain a single chip that supports both contact and contactless interfaces. The contact card will always be more reliable except for unusual wear of the connector plate because for an equivalent card there are fewer components and fewer connections. The main advantage of the contactless card is that the communication channel will operate in some hostile environments where contacts would be inappropriate. For example, in dirt or chemical environments, contactless are more appropriate except environments where there is electrical noise makes the contactless card inappropriate. Contactless card is faster than a contact card and more expensive to manufacture. C.Smart card applications The applications of smart cards include their uses as credit or ATM cards, in a fuel card, SIMs for mobile phones, authorization cards

for pay television, high-security identification and access-control cards, and public transport and public phone payment cards. Smart cards may also be used as electronic wallets. The smart card chip can be loaded with funds which can be spent in parking meters and vending machines or at various merchants. Cryptographic protocols protect the exchange of money between the smart card and the accepting machine. A list of applications for smart card technologies includes: Health cards Banking (such as ATM cards) Network authentication Telephony (including cards for parking lots, gas stations, vending machines, calling) Identification (including government identity (ID) cards, employee ID badges and Membership cards) Telecommunication (including mobile phone subscriber identification and Administration) Transportation (including ticketing and tolling) Electronic passports Physical access control Campus cards Financial applications (such as electronic purse, and secure payment through internet) Government system (such as electronic benefits transfer, official documents, business licenses, and voting system) Information security (such as access card with secure passwords, and digitally sign Electronic messages)

 Retail and loyalty (such as customer reward) Satellite TV

IV. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this study, to evaluate the user awareness of smart card technology a survey was Conducted. The questionnaire consists of 36 measurement items in six sections. It was distributed among the forty-six international students of Centre for Advanced Software Engineering (CASE) at University Technology Malaysia (UTM) in the field of computer science. Students were from Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Iraq, Yemen, Turkey, Malaysia and Iran. The first section of the instrument assessed demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and smart card experience. In the second section, the respondents were asked about their general knowledge and awareness about smart card.

Construction of Smart Cards

V.

DISCUSION AND CONCLUSION

According to awareness is defined as the degree to which an individual are aware about the technology. Awareness about technology cause users to look forward to try technology and at the same time enjoys the various benefits that the system provides. As a real time scenario, suppose person X has received physical access card in order to use for interior building facilities. Prior to using the access card, a friend of person X who is person Y (consider as an unauthorized person), needs to use the access card too, so person X shares his or her smart card. This behavior is an invasion to intellectual property rule and regulation where the only responsible person is person X to hold security of entire building so if anything wrong happen in the building person X would be in charge. In other words, awareness also refers to the effort in providing knowledge and improving understanding of the smart card. Being aware of the technology will improve users judgment and their ability in using the system in a secured manner. Smart cards contain unique features that bring many benefits. They offer enhanced Security, convenience and economic benefits. However smart card makes possible sophisticated and portable data processing applications, and is a reliable card but in Middle East countries it is not well introduced and developed. Awareness about smart card can assist people to understand the technology and it can have a positive influence on successful applying smart card technology in society. Findings of this study show that users are not well aware about the smart card technology. Therefore, further investigation need to be carried out in the future to

identify factors that will enhance their smart card awareness.

REFERENCES

[1] Al-Alawi, A. I. and Al-Amer, M. A. Young generation attitudes and awareness towards the implementation of smart card in Bahrain: an exploratory study, Journal of Computer Science, 2006.2 (5), 441-446. [2] Australian Government Technical Interoperability Framework V2, 2005. http://www.agimo.gov.au/publications/2005/04/agtifv2 [3] Bandura, A. Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency, American Psychologist, Vol. 37, No. 2, 1982, pp. 122-147. [4] Consultation on Australian Government Smartcard Framework; Smartcard Implementation Guide. 2007: Australian government office of the privacy commissioner. [5] Domingo-Ferrer, J. and Posegga. J. Advances in smart cards. Computer Networks. 2007. 51(9): 2219-2222. [6] Everett. D, Smart Card Tutorial, Part 11 The Development Environment. First Published in July 1993. [7] Fancher. C. H. In Your Pocket: Smart Cards, IEEE Spectrum. 1997. [8] Finkenzeller, K. RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification, John Wiley and Sons. 2003. [9] Government Smartcard Handbook, US General Services Administration, February 2004. [10] Haddad, A. A New Way To Pay: Creating Competitive Advantage Through The Emv Smart Card Standard, Gower Publishing, Ltd. 2005.