Introduction to Teletraffic Theory

Key terminology Traffic measurement Erlang B & C models Traffic intensity metric

Traffic calculations (using Erlang Tables) Cellular system example

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Key Terminology

Setup time Call Holding time Blocked Call Dropped Call Request rate Grade of Service (GoS) Traffic Intensity
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Traffic Measurement

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Traffic Measurement

Random manner which users access and use service - usually follows Poisson distribution This allows the number of channels required to be predicted for a given GoS GoS is fraction of incoming calls allowed to be Blocked due to congestion in the cell Typical GoS is 2% GoS also called Blocking Probability Good GoS is low value

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Erlang Models of Traffic

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Erlang B Calculations

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Carried Carriedtraffic traffic

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Example (1/2)
Wireless network: 200 000 population, 25% subscriber penetration. For each user: - Average call holding time H

* MobileLand & LandMobile 100 sec with 3 calls/hr * MobileMobile 80 sec with 4 calls/hr
Calculate: * Total traffic in Erlang * Number of MSC required if the MSC capacity is 1800 Erlang
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Solution

Example (2/2)

Subscriber traffic Mobile->Mobile = 4*80/3600=0.0889 Erlang Subscriber traffic Mobile->Land and Land->Mobile = 3*100/3600 = 0.0833 Erlang Total traffic = 200000*0.25*(0.0833+0.0889) = 8610 Erlang Required MSC = 8610/1800 = 4.7, so 5 MSC needed
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Example
System Channels = 50, Designated GoS = 2%. CHT = 120 sec, Avg. calls per hour per subscriber = 1.2 calls Find: Carried load, offered load and number of supported users
0.02 0.02

Carried load = 40.26 Erlang Offered load = carried load / (1 - GoS) = 40.26 / (1-0.02) = 41.08 Erlang Average user load = 1.2 * 120 / 3600 = 0.04 Erlang No. of supported usersUniversity = carried load / subscriber load = --College Cork CS6316
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Cellular Example (2/4)

a) Num of channels/cell = Num of channels/cells in cluster = 395 / 4 = 99 CH (99, 0.02) Erlang tables Offered traffic = 87 Erlangs Carried traffic = offered TR * (1-GoS)= 85.26 = Ncalls*CallHoldingTime/MonitoringInterval Ncalls=2558 calls For three sector case Num of channels/sector = 395 / (4*3) = 33 CH (33, 0.02) Erlang tables Offered traffic = 24.63 Erlangs Carried traffic/cell = 3 * offered TR * (1-GoS)= 72.41 Ncalls = 2172.3
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Cellular Example (4/4)

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