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REPRODUCTION!
If organisms did not reproduce, life on earth would cease to exist. If genes didnt mix or if mutated genes didnt get passed on from parents to offspring, species would never evolve. Reproduction is important to our topic of evolution for this reason!
Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Organism divides to produce a genetically identical copy (clone) of itself
Key Points: Offspring is identical to parent NO genetic diversity in the species
paramecium
Genetic material (DNA) is copied and split (MITOSIS) Examples: bacteria, amoeba, algae, hydra
Single-celled algae
amoeba
hydra (budding)
Binary Fission
(bacterias version of Mitosis)
Means splitting in 2 occurs in one-celled organisms such as bacteria and amoebas. The cell copies its DNA, then splits itself in half.The
Budding
Part of the parent organism pinches off & makes a new organism Seen in Marine Animals such as sponges, corals, some plants yeast, hydra
Yeast budding
Tiny 'buds' grow out from the hydra's side, develop mouth tentacles, and finally nip off at the base to form a separate individual.
Fragmentation
Body of the parent breaks into separate and distinct pieces, each which can produce an offspring.
Fragmentation in Plants
(called Vegetative Propagation)
New plants develop from meristematic cells in the stem, or roots, of the parent plant.
Regeneration
NOT (technically) reproduction but REALLY COOL! This refers to the ability of some animals to re-grow severed parts.
Sexual Reproduction
The recombining of DNA from two parents to produce offspring requires sex cells created from Meiosis!
Key Points: Two parents produce genetically unique offspring Sperm and egg combine DNA
Examples: humans, flowers, fish, frogs, birds, snakes
frogs
hoverflies mating
Sexual reproduction gives two things to a species: Genetic Variation and Diversity
Genetic information (DNA) from 2 parents, contained in the sperm and egg, combines to create a unique individual.
Disadvantages
No genetic variation, so entire species could die out Produces many offspring from disease or disaster
A beneficial mutation causes enough variation in bacteria this evolves into a new strain.
Disadvantages
No genetic variation, so entire species could die out Produces many offspring from disease or disaster
Its slower
Produces fewer offspring