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Gi

Give
___ ___
Fish
Fi h_a_____
Chance
Ch ___
___ Fish
______
and Seafood:
_ _________
An ___
Ecological
g ______
and_____
Ethical Crisis
Presented by
Charley Korns
Northwest VEG
Fish: Older than Dinosaurs
~ Fish have been on the earth for more than
450 million years, long before dinosaurs.
~ There are over 25,000 identified species
of fish.
~ It is estimated that there may still be
over 15,000 fish species that have not
yet been identified.
~ There
h are more species off fish
f h than
h all
ll
the species of amphibians, reptiles,
birds and mammals combined.
combined
PetEducation.com
Overview
i
1 Eating Fish - or Not
1.
2. The Extent of Global Fishing
3 Methods of Ocean Fishing & the
3.
Consequences
4. Fish Factory
y Farmingg
5. Pollution
6. Related Disease and Illness
7. Tips on Being Fish-Free and Local
Options for Dining and Shopping
8. ‘Sustainable’ Seafood
E ti
Eating Fish
Fi h - or Not
N t
U.S. Annual Per Capita
p
Consumption (lbs.)
Year Red Poultry Fish &
Meat Shellfish
1910 96 0
96.0 11 8
11.8 11 2
11.2
1940 92.4 12.3 11.0
1970 131.9 33.8 11.7
2000 113 7
113.7 67 9
67.9 15 2
15.2
2005 110.0 73.6 16.1

USDA / Economic Research Service


• What is the name for
someone who eats fish
but no other animals?
a.Fishaholic
b.Tuna head
c. Pescatarian
P t i
d Aquaddict
d.
Answer: Pescetarian
i
~A Pescetarian eats the flesh of fish
q
or of other non-mammalian aquatic
animals but will not eat the flesh of
q
non-aquatic animals or aquatic
q
mammalian animals. Other animal
products like eggs
p gg and dairyy mayy
be part of a pescetarian diet.
Over 7 Million Vegetarians

~7.3 million Americans older


g
than 18 are vegetarian,, and
more than a million are vegan
– 3.2%,, and 0.5% of the
population.
}Almost 15 percent of Americans
say they never eat fish or
seafood.
Harris Interactive Poll for Vegetarian Times, 2008
The Extent and Impact
of Commercial Fishing
g
Millions in Motion
~ At any
yggiven moment, 4 million
commercial fishing vessels are
plying
p y g the ocean.

The Fate of the Ocean, Mother Jones, March/April 2006


What’s the (Ocean) Catch?
~95 million tons of Fish,
C t
Crustaceans, &M
Mollusks
ll k
in 2004
}China, Peru and the USA
are
a e tthe
e top producing
p oduc g
countries.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the


United Nations
Over-fishing
fi i
~ All of the world's fishing stocks will
collapse before 2050 -- if over-fishing
and other human impacts continue at
their current pace.
~ Already, nearly one-third of species
that are fished, including bluefin
tuna Atlantic cod
tuna, cod, Alaskan king crab
crab,
and Pacific salmon have collapsed,
and the pace is accelerating
accelerating.
(2006) Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science 314:787-790
Over-fishing
fi i
~ On May
y 1,, 2008,, salmon fishing
g was
banned along the West Coast for the first
time in 160 years.
~ Wild Atlantic salmon in Maine rivers in
2000 were at an all-time low and faced
a number of threats that could drive
them to extinction. As a result, the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service and the
National Marine Fisheries Service listed
the species as endangered.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, www.fws.gov/endangered/i/E51.html
Over-fishing
fi i
~ It’s possible that only 10% of all large
fish (tuna, swordfish, marlin) and
ground fish (cod, halibut, skate, and
flounder) are left anywhere in the
ocean (2003 ststudy).
d )

Myers, R.A., & Worm B. (2003) Rapid worldwide depletion of


predatory fish communities. Nature 423:280-283
Over-fishing
g

~ Bluefin tuna, once plentiful, are now so rare


that this year a Hong Kong
Kong-based
based trader
bought one fish for about the same price as
a top-of-the-range
p g Mercedes. On the Tokyoy
market, one fish can for $150,000.
Peak Fish
~ The biomass,
biomass or total weight
weight, of fish
caught from the world’s oceans reached
a maximum in the late 1980s. Since then,,
despite increasing technology and more
advanced fishing methods, the global fish
haul has been flat or sinking.
~ Annual global catch has declined since
1988 -- att th
the rate
t off about
b t 400
400,000
000 ttons a
year.

The Fate of the Ocean, Mother Jones, March/April 2006


Can you name the phobia
that means a fear of fish?

a.Limnophobia
b. Entomophobia
c. Ichthyophobia
d. Pantophobia
Angler Fish
Answer: C - Ichthyophobia
y p
• If you have a fear of lakes
lakes,
you suffer from limnophobia
• off insects,
i t you have
h
entomophobia
p
• and of everything, its
pantophobia (vague and
persistent dread of some
unknown evil).
Enormity of the Methods

~ It ain’t a
few kids
with
fishing
poles
Longline
i Fishing
i i
~Most widely used fishing
gear on earth; each year an
estimated 2 billion longline
hooks are set worldwide,
worldwide
mainly for tuna and
swordfish
dfi h
Longline
i Fishing
i i
~ Single boat sets monofilament
line across 60 or more miles of
ocean
~ Each line bears vertical
gangion lines that dangle,
baited with up to 10,000 hooks
Longline Fishing
Bottom Trawling
i
~ Bottom trawling involves
gg g huge,
dragging g , heavyy nets
along the sea floor. Large
metal p
plates and rubber wheels
attached to these nets move
g the bottom and crush
along
nearly everything in their path.
Bottom Trawling
g
Bottom Trawling
~ The equivalent of fishing
th sea floor
the fl with
ith
bulldozers, trawlers
level an area 150 times
larger than the total
area of forests clearcut
on land each year.
year
~ The fisheries with the highest
levels of bycatch
y are shrimpp
fisheries: over 80 percent of a
catch may consist of marine
p
species other than the shrimpp
being targeted.
The Fate of the Ocean, Mother Jones, March/April 2006
Bottom Trawling
~ If allowed to continue,, the bottom
trawlers of the high seas will
destroy deep sea species, before
we have
h even di
discovered
d much h off
what is out there.

Robot Fish
Drift Nets
~ In the North Atlantic,
Atlantic shark and
monkfish nets are set 1,600 feet
below the surface,
surface then left
untended to sail and randomly
ensnare life.
life
~ In stormy seas, they may be lost or
abandoned yet they continue to fill
abandoned,
with prey
Drift Nets
Bycatch Victims
~ For every 5 pounds of fish caught,
more than 1 pound of bycatch is
dumped overboard, dead or dying.
Bycatch Victims
i i
~ Different types of fishing practices
result in different animal/species
being killed as bycatch:
} nets kill dolphins, porpoises and
whales
} longline fishing kills birds
} bottom trawling devastates
marine ecosystems.
Bycatch Victims
i i
~ It has been estimated that 100
y are
million sharks and rays
caught and discarded each
year.
y
~ An estimated 300,000 whales,
dolphins and porpoises also die
as bycatch each year, because
they are unable to escape
when caught in nets.
Longline
i Bycatch Victims
i i
~ Each
h year, llonglines
li kill thousands
h d
of unintended species that take the
bait including approximately:
bait,
} 40,000 sea turtles
} 100,000
100 000 albatrosses and 200,000
200 000
other seabirds
} millions of sharks

The Fate of the Ocean, Mother Jones, March/April 2006


Longline Bycatch Victims
A Tangential Massacre
~ Canada
Canada's
s annual commercial seal hunt is
the largest commercial hunt of marine
mammals on the planet.
~ Over the past three years, nearly 1 million
seals have been killed, mainly by
clubbing.
~ Harp seals are the primary target of the
commerciali l seall hunt.
h In
I 2006,
2006 98 percent
of the harp seals killed were pups under 3
months of age.
age
HSUS
Fish
i Farms - Aquaculture
Fish
i Farms - Confinement
fi
~ More than 2 billion fish (mainly
catfish and trout) are raised on
factory farms each year in the United
States.
~ By weight, more than one-third of all
aquatic animals eaten in the United
States are raised in these facilities
that typically confine 50,000 to 90,000
fish in a single 100 x 100- foot pen.
pen
HSUS, The Los Angeles Times
Fish
i Farms - Net Loss off Fish
i
~ The production of farmed salmon
results in a net loss to the world's
total fish production, as it takes 2-4
pounds of ocean fish,, turned into
p
feed, to yield one pound of salmon.
~ Excessive harvesting of small,
small bony
fish in Peru and Chile has meant loss
of prey for birds and marine life.
life
Worldwatch Institute
Fish
i Farms - A Dirty
i Business
i

Organic Consumers Association


Fish
i Farms - A Dirty
i Business
i
~Disease and parasites, which
would normally exist in relatively
low levels in fish scattered
around the oceans,
oceans can run
rampant in densely packed fish
farms.
farms.

Organic Consumers Association


Fish Farms - Degrading
Human Health
~ This harvesting of fish for feed also
h adverse
has d effects
ff t on human
h health.
h lth
} In the coastal town of Chimbote, Chile,
fi h waste
fish t in
i the
th air
i and
d waterways
t from
f
fishmeal factories has reduced the
inhabitants' life expectancy 10 years
inhabitants
below the national average.

Worldwatch Institute
Fish Farms - The Great
Escape
• A storm in Maine freed more than 100,000
salmon who swam out of the pens into the
wild - the largest known escape of
aquaculture fish in the eastern United
States at that time (December 2000).
• Farm-raised fish, bred for market qualities
unlike the hardiness that wild salmon
must have to survive, can pass their
weaknesses on by mating with the few
wild
ild fish left.
left
Boston Globe, 2/23/01
Polluted Waters
~ Millions of tons of toxins produced
by our culture all end up, eventually,
in the water.
~ Largest
g share comes from animal
agriculture in the form of herbicide,
pesticide, fungicide, and chemical
fertilizer runoff from the fields, and
sewage from factory farms.
Will Tuttle, The World Peace Diet
Polluted Waters
~ Toxins that pollute the air are eventually
washed into lakes and oceans
¾Solid waste sites
andd landfills
l dfill are alsol
leached by water,
which
hi h carries
i their
th i
toxins into rivers and
aquifers.
if
Will Tuttle, The World Peace Diet
Polluted Waters
~ To
T eatt animals
i l who
h live
li in
i our earth’s
th’
waters is to eat our own noxious
ll ti
pollution, concentrated
t t d many times.
ti
~ Fish clean the water of toxins and
impurities: they can be seen as
earth’s kidneys, absorbing
contaminants into their flesh.

Will Tuttle, The World Peace Diet


Dead Zones
~ These
Th zones are low-
l
oxygen ocean areas
where
h h
hardly
dl anything
thi
lives.
~ Now there are 300 dead
zones around the world,
compared to 10 in 1960.

Jane Subchenco, Zoology Professor, Oregon State


University Oregonian, 8/3/08
Mercury in
i Fish
i
~ Mercury contamination is of the
biggest
gg concern in the larger,
g , longer-
g
living fish.
~ Fish such as tuna,
tuna swordfish
swordfish,
Chilean sea bass, Alaskan halibut,
tilefish and King mackerel have been
show to have extremely high levels
of mercury
mercury.
BlueVoice.org
Mercury in
i Fish
i
~ Even low-level mercury poisoning
has been found to cause memory
loss, hair loss, fatigue, depression,
difficulty concentrating, tremors and
headaches
headaches.
} The symptoms stopped when fish was
eliminated
li i d ffrom their
h i di
diet (i
(in a study
d
published in a NIH journal, Environmental
Health Perspectives)
BlueVoice.org
Mercury in
i Fish
i
~ The EPA estimates that one in eight
American women of childbearing age
has unsafe levels of mercury in her
blood.
~ As many as 600,000 of the 4 million
p
babies born in 2000 were exposed to
unacceptable levels because their
mothers ate a diet rich in fish.
BlueVoice.org
Food Poisoning
i i
~ Seafood is the number one cause of
food p
poisoning g in the United States.
Many of our waterways are polluted
with human and animal feces,, and
this waste carries dangerous
bacteria like E. coli.

Reuters, CSPI: Seafood, Eggs Biggest Causes of Food


Poisoning in U.S,” CNN, 7 Aug. 2000.
Food Poisoning
i i from
f Fish
i
~ Ciguatera poisoning: This happens
when you eat a reef fish (any fish
living in warm tropical water) that
has eaten a certain poisonous food.
This poison does not go away
a a whenhen
the fish is cooked or frozen.
} amberjack,
amberjack grouper
grouper, snapper
snapper, sturgeon,
sturgeon
king mackerel, barracuda and moray eel

Familydoctor.org
Food Poisoning
i i from
f Fish
i
~ Scombroid poisoning: A substance like
histamine builds up in some fish when they
get too warm after they’re caught. Histamine
is a chemical that serves as a kind of alarm to
let your immune system know that an
infection is attacking part of the body.
} any fish that has not been refrigerated properly
properly.
Be especially careful when you eat fish such as
tuna, sardines, mahi-mahi or anchovies

Familydoctor.org
Got Parasites?
i ?
~ Anisakiasis is a parasitic disease
contracted from infected seafood which is
eaten raw or marinated
marinated. Although rare,
rare
this is a type of round worm which can be
picked up
p p from eating
g sashimi,, sushi,, and
ceviche.
} Symptoms can range from an acute syndrome
with nausea and vomiting,
vomiting abdominal pain or
diarrhea within 12 hours of eating infected
seafood to other problems which can last
weeks to months.
months

MedicineNet.com
Allergies
i to Fish
i
~ More than 6
6.5
5 million Americans have a seafood
allergy1
} shellfish allergy
gy is reported
p by
y 1-in-50
Americans
} fish allergy is reported by 1-in-250
~ The onset of seafood allergy is likely to begin in
adulthood, 60 percent with shellfish allergies and
40 p
percent with fish,, and frequent
q and severe
reactions are reported by sufferers.2

1The Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network


22004 study "Prevalence of Seafood Allergy in the U.S.
Fish
i Feel Pain
i
~ Fish suffer when caught, farmed and
killed.
~ Numerous studies, including a
recent one by the Roslin Institute
and the University of Edinburgh,
have found conclusive evidence
that fish do feel pain.
Fish
i Are Smart
~ Fish are more intelligent than they
appear. In many areas, such as
memory their cognitive powers
memory,
match or exceed those of higher
g non-human
vertebrates including
primates.
~ Older fish teach y
younger
g fish about
predators, for example, including
the sound of trawler engines.
University of Edinburgh biologist Culum Brown
Going
i Veg!
~ Reasons to stop eating fish:
} You won’t be participating in the
environmental
i t l onslaught
l ht upon speciesi
and habitat
} You won
won’tt be supporting industries that
cause harm to fish and deprive them of
their life.
} You won’t be consuming additional
protein, cholesterol and fat that is not
essential to your health.
health
Sneaky Fish
i Ingredients
i
~It’s easy to avoid fish if you
know where to look and
when to ask questions.
}Thai
Th i restaurant
t t menus include
i l d
vegetarian meals but often use
fi h sauce, especially
fish i ll in
i curries
i
and Pad Thai; ask for your dish
without
ith t th
the added
dd d fish.
fi h
Anchovies
~ Anchovies are a small, common salt-
water fish,
fish green with blue reflections
due to a silver stripe that runs from the
base of the caudal fin
fin. It is a maximum
9” in length. They are a key ingredient
in Spaghetti alla Puttanesca,
Puttanesca some
pizza toppings, Worcestershire sauce,
Cesar Salad,
Salad and many fish sauces
sauces.
Isinglass
i l
~ Isinglass is a gelatinous
semitransparent substance obtained
by cleaning and drying the air
bladders of the sturgeon, cod, hake,
and other fishes
fishes. Isinglass is
manufactured the United States & six
other countries
countries. It is used in the
clarification of wines and beers, as a
stiffening for jellies, glues and
cements.
Familiar
i i Beers
~ BridgePort Brewing Company: vegan friendly
~ Deschutes Brewery: vegan friendly
~ Full Sail Brewing Co.: vegan friendly
~ Lucky Labrador Brewing Company: Organic
brew is vegan; others are not vegan friendly
~ Trader Joe's brand beers: vegan friendly
~ Widmer Brothers Brewing Co.: mostly vegan
f i dl
friendly
~ Wolaver's: vegan friendly

http://tastebetter.com/features/booze
Missing
i i fi ?
fish?

~So, you’ve stopped eating fish


but find yourself missing it.
it
}Could be you’re not getting
enough Omega 3’s, or it might be a
matter of finding something to eat
that resembles fish …
Local Alternatives
Veggie fish pockets at
i to Fish
i
No Fish Go Fish: 5th &
Yamhill (cart) &
3962 SE Hawthorne

Soy fish fillets at


So
Vege Thai @ 3272 SE
Hawthorne … and
Vegetarian House @
22 NW 4th Ave. … and
Nhut Quang @
3438 NE 82nd. Ave.
Local Alternatives
i to Fish
i
Tofu-based Fishwich
& fish & chips at
Vit C
Vita Café,
fé 3024 NE
Alberta St.

Sea Vegetable
g Salad
at Blossoming Lotus,
925 NW Davis St.
Local Alternatives
i to Fish
i
Frozen faux fish
options
p at Food
Fight! Vegan
Grocery, 1217 SE
St k St.
Stark St … and d
many Asian markets

C i soon tto F
Coming Food
d Fi
Fight:
ht FFaux Tuna!
T !
Omega 3
~ Fish are not the sole source of
Omega 3 fatty acids. Other options
include:
9 Flax oil and seeds
9 Hemp oil and seeds
9 Walnuts
9 Supplements (look for non-gelatin
p
capsules) )
‘Sustainable’ Seafood Pitch
N
New Seasons
S Market
M k t example
l
Problems facing our oceans today:
1. Overfishing

2 Bycatch
2. Bycatch

3. Farming

4. Habitat Destruction

} Our Commitment to Choice
Some people have
asked
k d whyh we continue
ti tto sellll species
i ththatt we kknow
may be threatened. Our goal is to share information
with you, our customers, so that you can make a
d i i about
decision b t what’s
h t’ right
i ht ffor you and d your ffamily.
il
‘Sustainable’ Seafood
Why You Want to Avoid It
1. Even where certain fish species’ populations
are healthy,
h lth theth waters
t may nott be
b (mercury,
(
dioxins, other chemicals).
2. Th FDA’s
The FDA’ seafoodf d program is
i riddled
iddl d with
ith
deficiencies, is woefully under-funded, and
provides no assurance of safety for
consumers.
3
3. If preferences shift widely to “sustainable”
sustainable
populations, those too will become depleted.
4
4. Be kind to all animals
animals, don’t
don t eat them
them.
#2: Center for Science in the Public Interest, news release, GAO Gives Failing
Grade to FDA Seafood HACCP Program,Feb. 13, 2001
Famous Vegans
~ Alicia Silverstone
Silverstone, actress
~ Carl Lewis, athlete
~ Dan Piraro, cartoonist
~ Ed Begley Jr.,
Jr actor
~ Elijah Wood, actor
~ James Cromwell, actor and animal rights advocate
~ Joaquin Phoenix,
Phoenix actor
~ KD Lang, singer
~ Kevin Nealon, comedian and actor
~ Martina
Ma tina Navratilova,
Na atilo a tennis player
pla e
~ Moby, musician
~ Sinead O'Connor, singer and songwriter
~ Woody
W d H Harrelson,
l actor
t

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