Hydraulic Structures Sharda Type II Fall April 19, 2011

1

Sharda Type II Fall Design Example

Design the floor with Khoslas theory.
Solution
1. Length of the crest
Length of the crest shall be kept equal to the bed width of the channel.
Length of crest = 30 m
2. Crest level
For falls more than 15 cumec, trapezoidal crest is provided and the discharge is given by:
1 6
3
2
2.26
t
t
D
Q L D
B
| |
=
|
\ .

Assuming crest width (B
t
) = 1 m we get:
( )
1 6
3
2
2
50 2.26 30
1
0.833 0.9
50
0.782 sec. ( 1:1 )
30 2 2
( )
2 9.81
0.031
. . . . . . . . 105.5 0.031 101.531
. . . . .
a
a
D
D
or D say m
Velocity Approach V m with side slope
V
Velocity head ha
m
UpstreamT E L u s F S L ha
El of crest u s T E L D
| |
=
|
\ .
=
= =
+
=

=
= + = + =
= 101.531 0.9 100.631
100.640
m
Adopt crest level m
= =
=


Full supply discharge
. .
50
. .
u s
cumec
d s
=
Full supply level
. . 101.5
. . 101.0
u s m
d s m
=
Full supply depth
. . 2
. . 2
u s m
d s m
=
Bed width
. . 30
. . 30
u s m
d s m
=
Bed level
. . 99.5
. . 98.0
u s m
d s m
=
Drop 1.5m
Side slope 1:1
Soil Good loam
Safe exit gradient
1
4.5

Hydraulic Structures Sharda Type II Fall April 19, 2011
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3. Shape of crest
1
1
( ) 0.55
0.9 . .
100.64 98.0 2.64
( ) 0.55 0.9 2.64
( ) 1.03 1.05
1.05 . . 1: 3 . . 1: 8.
t
t
t
Thickness at top B D D
where D m and D height of crest aboved s bed
m
Thickness at top B
Thickness at top B say m
Keepcrest width mwithu s slope and d s slope
= +
= =
= =
= +
=

4. Approach
o
Radius of wingshould be6times theheadover thecrest .
Radius of wings =6D=60.9=5.40say5.5m.
Wing wallsshall bemadesegmental with5.5mradiussubtendinganangleof 60 at center and then
carried tangentiallyin to theberm.

5. Downstream wings
L
Thedownstreamwing wallsshall bekept vertical uptoa distanceof 5 DH =5 0.91.50 =5.80m.
Thereafter the wingsshall be warpedfromvertical to1:1slopein remaininglengthof thefloor.
6. Upstream protection
Brick pitchingequal tou.s. water depthshouldbelaidon theu.s.bed towards thecrest at1:10slope.
Provide20cmdrain holesin theentirelength@3mc c todrainout theu.s.bedduring theclosureof
thechannel.
7. Curtain walls
a. Downstream curtain wall
water depth
Depth = +0.6=1.6m
4
Provide0.4mthick1.4mdeeptoe wall (uptodeepest floor) over 0.3mfoundationconcrete, comprising
total depthof 1.7m.
b. Upstream curtain wall
water depth
Depth = +0.6= 0.67 0.6 1.27msay1.3m.
3
Provide0.4mthick1mdeeptoe wall over 0.3mfoundationconcrete, comprising total depthof 1.3m.
+ =
8. Cistern
( ) ( )
( )
1 3
2
c
1 3
2
c
c
Depth of cistern = 3 ; Critical depth d =
q =50 30=1.67cumec m ; d = 1.67 9.81 =0.658msay0.65m
Depth of cistern =0.65 3=0.22m
R. L.of cistern =98.0- 0.22=97.78msay97.70m.
Length of cistern =3.8d +0.45+1.50 =3.80.65+0.415
c
d q g

+1.5 =4.385m
Adopt cistern length as5.80m.

Hydraulic Structures Sharda Type II Fall April 19, 2011
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9. Total floor length and exit gradient
E
Fromexit gradient considerations thelength of impervoius floor should besufficient .
H=height of crest aboved.s. bed
=100.64-98.0=2.64m
d =1.7m(depth of downstreamcurtain wall)
H 1 1
Exit gradient G =
d 4.5 t
| |
| | | |

|
| |
\ . \ .
\ .
( ) ( )
0.5 0.5
2 2
2.64 1
4.948
1.7
2 1 1 2 4.948 1 1 8.839
b = d b=8.8391.7 15.03m say 16m. b

t
o o o
o
| |
| |
= =
|
|
\ .
\ .
( (
= = =

=

c L
Maximumfloor length requiredin thedownstream=10.53d +4.877-1.5H
= 10.530.65+4.877-1.51.5
=9.471m say 10m.
Provide10min thedownstreamand balance6munder andupstreamof thecrest .

10. Pressure calculations
For calculatingpressures, thickness at keypoints has tobeassumed.
Assumeupstreamfloor =0.5mthick
Thickness of floor at the toeof crest =1.3m
Thickness of floor at downstreamend=0.6m

a. Upstream wall
( )
d =1.3m ; b=16m ; 1 d b 1.3 16 0.081
D 100 17.5 82.50% ; C 100 26 74%
t 0.5
Correctionin Cfor depth = ( D C) = (82.5 74) 3.269% 3%
d 1.3
Corrected C 74 3 77%
ve
o
| |
| | |
|
= = =
= = = =
= +
= + =

b. Toe of crest
1
1 1
d 97.7 96.3 1.4 ; b 6 ; b 16
b d 16 1.4 11.4 ; b b 6 16 0.375 ; 1 b b 0.625
D 100 54 46%
m m m
o
|
= = = =
= = = = = =
= =

c. Downstream toe wall
( )
1 1
1 1 1
1
d =1.7 ; b=16m ; 1 d b 1.7 16 0.106
D 20% ; E 28%
t 0.6
Correctionin E for depth = ( E D ) = (28 20) 2.823% 3
d 1.7
Corrected E 28 3 25%
m
ve
o
| |
| | |
|
= = =
= =
=
= =


Hydraulic Structures Sharda Type II Fall April 19, 2011
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11. Impervious floor thickness
a. u.s. floor
Theuplift pressurein theupstreamiscounterbalancedbythe weight of water itself and therefore
nothicknessis required.However 0.5mthickconcreteshall beprovided.
b. Toe of crest
( )
%pressure =46%
Maximumstatichead =100.64-98.00=2.64mw. r . t . R. L.98.00
Absoluteuplift pressure =2.640.46+ 98.0-97.70 =1.515
1.515
Thickness required = =1.20m
1.25
Provide1.2mthick C.C.overlaid by0.2mthick brick pitching.

c. At the end of floor
%pressure =25%
Absolutepressure =2.640.25=0.66
0.66
Thickness required = =0.53m
1.25
Provide0.6mthick C.C.overlaid by0.2mthick brick pitching.
Floor thicknessshall beprovided varying1.4mat the toeof crest to0.8mat thed.s.andof floor as
per requirement of uplift pressure.
12. Energy Dissipaters
a. Cistern
Depth and length of cistern have been already worked out.
b. Size and position of friction blocks
Critical depth d
c
= 0.65 m.
i. Length of block = 2 d
c
= 2 0.65 = 1.3 m.
ii. Width of block = d
c
= 0.65 m.
iii. Height of block = d
c
= 0.65 m.
iv. Distance from toe of crest = 1.5 d
c
= 1.5 0.65 = 0.975 m say 1 m.
Provide two rows of blocks of size 1.3 m 0.65 0.65 m staggered, at a distance of 1 m
from toe of crest.
c. Cube blocks
i.
water depth 2
Length = = =0.2m say 0.25m.
10 10

ii. Width = 0.25 m.
iii. Height = 0.25 m.
Provide two rows of cube blocks of size 0.25 m 0.25 0.25 m staggered, at the end of
floor.



Hydraulic Structures Sharda Type II Fall April 19, 2011
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13. Downstream pitching
a. Bed pitching
Length = 3 d
3
= 3 2 = 6 m. Thickness = 0.2 m of brick over 0.1 m of dry brick ballast.
b. Toe wall
Provide 0.4 m 1 m deep toe wall at end of pitching.
c. Side pitching
Length = 3 d
3
= 3 2 = 6 m. Thickness = 0.2 m.
The end should be protected with toe wall in continuation of the bed curtain wall at the end of
pitching.