Albert Einstein

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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein in 1921

Born

14 March 1879 Ulm, Kingdom of Wrttemberg, German Empire

Died

18 April 1955 (aged 76) Princeton, New Jersey, United States

Residence

Germany, Italy, Switzerland, United States

Citizenship

Wrttemberg/Germany (until 1896) Stateless (18961901) Switzerland (from 1901) Austria (191112) Germany (191433)

United States (from 1940)[1] ETH Zurich

Alma mater


Known for

University of Zurich General relativity and special relativity Photoelectric effect Mass-energy equivalence Quantification of the Brownian motion Einstein field equations BoseEinstein statistics

Unified Field Theory Mileva Mari (19031919)

Spouse

Elsa Lwenthal, ne Einstein, (1919 1936)

Awards

Nobel Prize in Physics (1921) Copley Medal (1925) Max Planck Medal (1929)

Time Person of the Century Signature

Albert Einstein (

/lbrt anstan/; German: [albt antan]

listen);

14 March 1879 18

April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who discovered the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics.[2] He received the 1921Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".[3] Near the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of theelectromagnetic field. This led to the development of his special theory of relativity. He realized, however, that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and with his subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916, he published a paper on the general theory of relativity. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of

molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. In 1917, Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe as a whole.[4] He escaped from Nazi Germany in 1933, where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of Sciences, and settled in the U.S., becoming a citizen in 1940. On the eve of World War II, he helped alert President Franklin D. Roosevelt that Germany might be developing an atomic weapon, and recommended that the U.S. begin similar research. He taught physics at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, New Jersey, until his death in 1955. Einstein published more than 300 scientific papers along with over 150 non-scientific works, and received honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine and philosophy from many European and American universities;[4] he also wrote about various philosophical and political subjects such as socialism, international relations and theexistence of God.[5] His great intelligence and originality have made the word "Einstein" synonymous with genius.[6]