Louisiana Transportation Conference

Baton Rouge, LA
Feb. 18, 2013

Lab Tests on WMA

Nearly all WMA produced to date used an HMA mix design Lower mix temperatures cause less asphalt adsorption for

most aggregates, which can change volumetric properties. Lab tests for rutting and moisture damage potential for WMA commonly yield less favorable results compared to HMA

NCHRP 9-47A Projects

Location
St. Louis, MO Iron Mtn., MI

Route
Hall Street M95

WMA Technologies
Evotherm ET, Sasobit, Aspha-min Sasobit

Date Const.
May-2006 Sep-2006

Silverthorne, CO
Franklin, TN Graham, TX George, WA Walla Walla, WA Centreville, VA Rapid River, MI

I-70
SR45 US 380 I-90 US-12 I-66 CR-513

Advera, Sasobit, Evotherm DAT

Astec DBG, Advera, Evotherm DAT, Sasobit Astec DBG Sasobit Maxam Aquablack Astec DBG Evotherm 3G, and Advera

Aug-2007
Oct-2007 Jun-2008 Jun-2008 Apr-2010 Jun-2010 Jun-2010

Baker, MT
Munster, IN Jeff. Co., FL Queens, NY

Route 322
Calumet Ave. SR 30 Little Neck Pkwy

Evotherm DAT
Evotherm, Gencor foam, Heritage wax Terex foaming system Cecabase, SonneWarmix, BituTech PER

Aug-2010
Sep-2010 Oct-2010 Oct-2010

Case Grande, AZ

SR 84

Sasobit

Dec-2011

Production Temperatures, 9-47A Projects

380 360 Production Temperature (F) 340 320 300 280 260 WMA HMA

240
220 200

Field Performance Evaluation Procedure

Three 200-foot analysis sections per mix section
Three 6 dia. cores from outside the wheelpaths, and four 6 dia. cores from the wheelpaths Cores used to determine the in-place density, indirect tensile strengths, specific gravity, gradation, asphalt content, and the true binder grade for each mix.

Field Performance

Existing Projects

Hall Street, St. Louis

Constructed May 2006 WMA Techn.: Sasobit,
WMA over crack sealant

Evotherm ET, Aspha-min Overlay of old concrete pavement in industrial area Mix Type: 12.5mm NMAS Binder Type: PG70-22
Ndesign = 100gyrations

HMA over crack sealant

Climate: Wet- Freeze

Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Revisit Oct 2011 (5 years 5 months)

HMA
Rutting (mm) Total Length of Cracks (ft.) Density (%Gmm) 1.9 628 96.1

Sasobit
0.8 1092 94.8

Evotherm ET Aspha min

2.4 835 97.4 2.4 1310 96.8

10

M95 Iron Mountain, MI

Constructed Sept. 2006

WMA Tech.: Sasobit Mix type: 9.5 mm NMAS
11

Ndesign = 86 gyrations
Binder Grade: PG 58-34 Climate: Wet- freeze

M95 Iron Mountain, MI Revisit June 2011 (4 years 9 months)

HMA Sasobit 1.4 0 3 46

Rut Depth (mm) Total Length of Cracks (ft.) Density (%Gmm)

97.3

95.7

12

Silverthorne, Co
Constructed August 2007
WMA Tech.: Advera, Sasobit, Evotherm DAT

Mix type: 9.5 mm NMAS

Overlay of thermal cracked asphalt pavement

Climate: Dry Freeze

Binder Grade: PG 58-28

13

Silverthorne, Co Revisit Oct 2010 (3 years 2 months)

HMA Rut Depth (mm) Total Length of Cracks (ft.) Density (%Gmm) 6 11 96.7 Advera 4 1 97.8 Sasobit 6 3 97.1 Evotherm DAT 6 3 97.1

14

Franklin, TN
Constructed Oct. 2007
WMA Technologies: Evotherm DAT, Advera, Sasobit, Astec Double Barrel Green Mix type: Marshall 12.5 mm NMAS Climate: Wet, No Freeze Binder Type: PG 70-22

15

Franklin, TN Revisit March 2011 (3 years 5 months)

HMA Rut Depth (mm) Total Length of Cracks (ft.) Density (%Gmm) 0 Advera 0.5 Astec DBG 0.4 Evotherm DAT 0 Sasobit 0

30
92.8

105
88.6

58
88.2

4
89.9

314
86.8

16

Graham, TX
Constructed June 2008
WMA Tech.: Astec DBG Mix Type: 9.5 mm NMAS

Binder Type: PG 64-22

Climate: Dry-no freeze

17

Graham, TX Revisit Dec 2010 (2 year 6 months)

HMA Rutting (mm) Total Length of Cracks (ft.) Density (%Gmm) 0 58.0 97.0 Astec DBG 0 81.5 94.2

18

New Projects

19

Walla Walla, WA, 1 and 2 years Revisits

WMA Technology: Maxam Aquablack Mix Type: 12.5 mm NMAS Ndesign = 100 gyrations Binder Grade: PG 64-28 Climate: Dry -Freeze
HMA Density at Constr. (%Gmm)
Density At Revisits (%Gmm) Rut Depth (mm) Cracking (ft/600)

No cracking
Maxam Aquablack 94.4 Revisit 2 Revisit 1 Revisit 2
96.3 5 0
20

94.7 Revisit 1
95.9 1 0

95.2 0 0

95.7 0 0

Centreville, VA, 1 and 2 Years Revisits

WMA Tech.: Astec DBG
Mix Type: 12.5 mm NMAS Binder Type: PG 76-22 Ndesign = 65 gyrations Climate: Wet- freeze
HMA Density at Constr. (%Gmm) Density At Revisits (%Gmm) Rut Depth (mm) Cracking (ft/600) 94.4 89.1 Astec DBG 89.9

No cracking

Revisit 1

Revisit 2 Revisit 1 Revisit 2

93.8 93.5 93.4

0
0

3
0

0
21

3
0

Rapid River, MI, 1and 2 Years Revisits

WMA Tech: Advera and

Evotherm 3G Mix Type: 12.5 mm NMAS Binder Type: PG 52-34 Climate: Wet-Freeze
HMA Density at Constr. (%Gmm) Density At Revisits (%Gmm) Rut Depth (mm) Cracking (ft/600) 94.1 Revisit 1 97.6 0 0 Revisit 2 96.6 0
22 0.5

No rutting
Advera 95 Revisit 1 96.5 0 0.5 Revisit 2 97 0 0.5 Evotherm 94.3 Revisit 1 96.9 0 2 Revisit 2 96 0 2

Baker, MT, 1 and 2 Years Revisits

WMA Tech.: Evotherm DAT
Mix Type: 12.5 mm NMAS Binder Type: PG 64-28 Ndesign = 75 gyrations Climate: Dry-Freeze
HMA Density at Constr. (%Gmm) Density At Revisits (%Gmm) Rut Depth (mm) Cracking (ft/600)

Low Severity cracking

Evotherm

91.3 Revisit 1
93.6 <1 0

91.2 Revisit 2
94 <1 12
23

Revisit 1
93.7 <1 0

Revisit 2
93.3 <1 24

Munster, IN, 1 and 2 Years Revisits

Mix Type: 9.5 mm NMAS Binder Type: PG 64-22 Ndesign = 75 gyrations Climate: Wet-Freeze WMA Tech.: Evotherm, Gencor foam,

Heritage wax
HMA
Density at Constr. (%Gmm) 88.7
Revisit 1 Revisit 2

No rutting
Evotherm
90.3
Revisit 1 Revisit 2

Gencor Foam
90.4
Revisit 1 Revisit 2

Heritage Wax
88.7
Revisit 1 Revisit 2

Density At Revisits (%Gmm)

Rut Depth (mm) Cracking (ft/600)

92.9 0 1

93.5 0 14

93.0 0 0
24

93.3 0 0

94.0 0 14

93.5 0 97

92.9 0 0

93.2 0 0

Jefferson Co, FL, 1 and 2 Years Revisits

Mix Type: 9.5 mm NMAS Binder Type: PG 76-22 Ndesign = 75 gyrations Climate: Wet-No Freeze WMA Tech.: Terex foaming system
No Cracking
HMA Density at Constr. (%Gmm) Density At Revisits (%Gmm) Rut Depth (mm) Cracking (ft/600) 93 Terex Foam 92.1

Revisit 1
92.6 2 0

Revisit 2
91.5 2

Revisit 1
91.8 3
25

Revisit 2
91.8 3 0

Queens, NY, 1 year, Jan. 2012

WMA Tech.: Cecabase, Sonneborn,

BituTech PER
Mix Type: 9.5 mm NMAS Binder Type: PG 64-22 Ndesign = 75 gyrations Climate: Wet- Freeze
HMA Rut Depth (mm) 1.0 BituTech PER <1

No Cracking Cecabase <0.5 Sonne Warmix 0

Density at Constr. (%Gmm)

Density At Revisit (%Gmm)

90.8
94.7
26

92.4
95.1

92.1
93.8

89.9
95.7

Casa Grande, AZ, 1 Year Revisit

Mix Type: 19 mm NMAS Binder Type: PG 70-10 75 blows (Marshall Mix Design) Climate: Dry- Freeze WMA Tech.: Sasobit
Sections topped with chip seal HMA 90.6 93.8 3 0
27

Density at Constr. (%Gmm) Density At Revisit (%Gmm) Rut Depth (mm) Cracking (ft/600)

Sasobit 92.4 94.5 3 0

Summary of NCHRP 9-47A Projects

14 projects thoroughly evaluated

Age: up to 6 years old

WMA using HMA mix designs Traffic ranges: low to very heavy

Climates: hot to very cold

Performance: Very good overall
Franklin, TN

Silverthorne, CO

Munster, IN

28

Baker, MT

Engineering Properties
In place densities (=)

Core tensile strengths (=)

TSR (= or) Hamburg SIP (= or )

FN ()
E* (= or ) Fatigue tests (= or )

29

High PG Grade
100
10 20 40 50 60 70 80 90

30

WA Maxam Aquablack VA Astec DBG Evotherm 3G MI Advera MT Evotherm DAT

Evotherm 3G

High PG, Construction Cores

30 HMA
IN WMA Heritage Wax FL NY AZ Terex CMI Foam Gencor Ultrafoam

Cecabase

SonneWarmix

BituTech PER

Sasobit

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

WA

Maxam Aquablack

-2.6 VA Astec DBG 1.2 Evotherm 3G MI -0.9 0.7 -0.1 -2.7 Advera MT Evotherm DAT Evotherm 3G

Temperature Difference- High PG (WMA-HMA) Construction Cores

31
-4.2
-5.7 -4.5 -5.3

IN

Gencor Ultrafoam

Heritage Wax

-2.1 -2.1
-2

FL Terex CMI Foam

Cecabase

NY

SonneWarmix

BituTech PER

AZ

Sasobit

-10 0 2 4 6 -8
WA

-6
Maxam Aquablack
1 VA Astec DBG

-4

-2

-8.6
Evotherm 3G -1.5 Advera 3 -1.1 -1.1 Evotherm DAT Evotherm 3G

MI MT

Temperature Difference- High PG (WMA-HMA) 1 Year Cores

32
-3

IN

Gencor Ultrafoam -2.3 -2.1 0.6 0.1 0.5 4.2

Heritage Wax

FL Terex CMI Foam

Cecabase

NY

SonneWarmix

BituTech PER

AZ

Sasobit

-10
0 2 4 6 -4 -2

-8
WA Maxam Aquablack 2.1 VA Astec DBG 1.1 Evotherm 3G MI -3.7 -1.6 Advera MT Evotherm DAT

-6
-3.9
-3.5 Evotherm 3G

Temperature Difference- High PG (WMA-HMA) 2 Years Cores

33
-6.6

IN

Gencor Ultrafoam
-1.3 1.9 0.9 0.3 4.4

Heritage Wax

FL Terex CMI Foam

Cecabase

NY

SonneWarmix

BituTech PER

Low PG Grade
-40 0 -5
WA Maxam Aquablack VA Astec DBG Evotherm 3G MI Advera MT Evotherm DAT Evotherm 3G

-20

-15

-10

-35

-30

-25

True Binder Low PG (Construction Cores)

HMA
34

IN

Gencor Ultrafoam

WMA

Heritage Wax

FL Terex CMI Foam

Cecabase

NY

SonneWarmix

BituTech PER

AZ

Sasobit

-4

-2

-6
WA

Maxam Aquablack

-1.9 VA Astec DBG -1.8 Evotherm 3G MI 0.4 Advera

0
0.4

MT Evotherm DAT

Evotherm 3G

-2.2

Temperature Difference- Low PG (WMA-HMA) Construction Cores

35 -1.8 0.6 0.6 -4.8 -3.3 -3.5 0.6

IN

Gencor Ultrafoam

Heritage Wax

FL Terex CMI Foam

Cecabase

NY

SonneWarmix

BituTech PER

AZ

Sasobit

-6 WA Maxam Aquablack -0.1 VA Astec DBG -4.2 Evotherm 3G MI 0.7 Advera 1.9 Evotherm DAT -2.3 1.2 Evotherm 3G 36 IN Gencor Ultrafoam -1.3 1.1 -1.4 Heritage Wax FL Terex CMI Foam Cecabase MT

Temperature Difference- Low PG (WMA-HMA) 1 Year Cores

-4

-2

-2
-1.8 -3.4

NY

SonneWarmix

BituTech PER

AZ

Sasobit

-1

-6 WA Maxam Aquablack 1.8 VA Astec DBG 2.1 Evotherm 3G MI 0 Advera 0 MT Evotherm DAT 1.2 Evotherm 3G

-4

-2

-0.7

Temperature Difference- Low PG (WMA-HMA) 2 Years Cores

37 -0.4 -5.7 -0.6 -1.3

IN

Gencor Ultrafoam

Heritage Wax

4.4

FL Terex CMI Foam

Cecabase

NY

SonneWarmix

BituTech PER 1

Tenslie Strength 2 Year Cores (psi) 120 160 200 240 280 320 40 80

0 Maxam Aquablack

WA VA Astec DBG MT Evotherm DAT FL Terex foam TX Astec DBG HMA Advera MI Evotherm 3G Evotherm IN CO Gencor foam Heritage wax Advera Evotherm DAT Sasobit
38

Tensile Strength 2 Year Cores

WMA

Thank You
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