Application of Ventilation

Optimization Composite Index

(VOCI) for Office Buildings in
Hot and Humid Regions
Mr Chan Siew Chong
15-09-2011 11:15am 12:45 pm
International Green Building Conference
2011
Singapore

Ventilation Optimization
Composite Index (VOCI)
The integrated simulation model
of passive designs for building
ventilation

The Background
Historical Review

In Rural Areas

(Source: Lim,
2011)

The Surroundings

(Source : Lim, 2011)

In Urban Areas

(Source : Dr Sabarinah, 2007)

In the Buildings

(Source: Dr Sabarinah, 2007)

Nowadays (1/3)

(Source: Dr Sabarinah, 2007)

Nowadays (2/3)

(Source: Abd Khalid, 2008)

Nowadays (3/3)

(Source: Abd Khalid, 2008)

Common Features

Large Openings.
Channels for air flow.
Horizontal and Vertical dimensions.
Near to Green Areas.
Shadings.

Models in Application
Overview

Models Currently in Used (1/2)

According to Chen (2009),
1. Analytical Models
2. Empirical Models
3. Small-scale Experimental Models
4. Full-scale Experimental Models
5. Multi-zone Models.
6. Zonal Models
7. CFD Models

Models Currently in Used (2/2)

Model Types

Publication (%)

Analytical

Empirical

Small-scale

Full-scale

10

Multizone

Zonal

CFD

70

(Source: Chen, 2009)

100

The Shortcomings
1. Building Oriented.
2. Complex calculation (black box
operation).
3. Expensive / Costly.
4. Conflicting Results.
5. Insufficient coverage areas.

VOCI The Proposed Model

The Background

The Concept (1/3)

Sustainable Development:
Development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.
(Source: WCED, 1987)

The Concept (2/3)

(Source: Scott Cato, 2009)

(Source: Adams, 2006)

The Concept (3/3)

When the concept applies,
Sustainable Development

VOCI

Economics

Operation Cost

Social

Thermal Comfort

Environment

Natural Ventilation

The Mission
This model is aimed to study the
potential in maximizing the utility of
natural ventilation in a building layout
through passive design.
The main target of this model is to
achieve the maximum thermal comfort
level, while at the same time minimizing
the utility of artificial energy.

VOCI The Proposed Model

The Settings

The Physical Layout

Zone 9

Zone 2

Zone 3

(North West)

(North)

(North East)

Zone 8

Zone 1

Zone 4

(West)

(Centre)

(East)

Zone 7

Zone 6

Zone 5

(South West)

(South)

(South East)

Zone 2

Zone 3

(North)

(North East)

Zone 8

Zone 1

Zone 4

(West)

(Centre)

(East)

Zone 7

Zone 6

Zone 5

(South West)

(South)

(South East)

Zone Division Within A Building Compound Layout

The Parameters (1/3)

Related to Natural Ventilation (NV):
1.Local Air Velocity (LAV)
2.Proportion of Green Area (PGA)
3.Passive Design Areas (PDA):
o
o
o
o
o

Air Well (AW) Horizontal Openings

Faade Design (FD) Wind Pressure Amplifiers
Ventilation Openings (VO) Vertical Openings
Corridor and Shading (CS) Air Channels
Wall and Partitions (WP) Air Velocity Reduction Factor

The Parameters (2/3)

Related to Thermal Comfort (TC):
1. Occupants satisfaction level (PMV-PPD
Fangers Model)
2. Temperature level (Adaptive approach)

Related to Operation Costs (OC):

1. Life Cycle Operation Cost:
o Energy Usage
o Replacement and Maintenance.

The Parameters (3/3)

VOCI The Proposed Model

The Procedure

Stage 1: Individual Case

1.Input of Field data (through Questionaire).
2.Tabulate parameters according to zone.
3.Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
4.Output for Stage 2: Integration Base

Input of Field Data (1/2)

(D) Pair Wise Comparison (Perbandingan Secara Pasangan)
(1)
Based on your personal opinion, please indicate the relative importance level
between the following each paired parameters that will affect the indoor
natural ventilation quality and performance.
(Berdasarkan kepada pendapat peribadi, sila nyatakan tahap kepentingan
relatif antara kedua-dua parameter berpasangan berikut demi mempengaruhi
kualiti dan prestasi pengudaraan semulajadi dalaman)
Note:

1 Neutral (Equal Importance) (Sama penting)

3 Weakly More Importance Than (Sedikit lebih penting daripada)
5 Strongly More Importance Than (Agak lebih penting daripada)
7 Very Strongly More Importance Than (Sangat penting daripada)
9 Absolutely More Importance Than (Amat Sangat penting daripada)

* Please tick () in relevant box for each group

(Sila tandakan () dalam kotak berkenaan bagi setiap kumpulan)
Group
(Kumpulan)

Element
(Elemen)

Thermal
Comfort
(Keselesaan
Terma)

Level of Importance (Tahap Kepentingan)

Element
(Elemen)

Lifecycle
Cost
(Kos
Kitar
Hayat)

Input of Field Data (2/2)

No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

n
Mean
Std Dev

TC/OC
9
5
5
5
3
7
1
0.142857
1
5

Normalised

TC/GA
3.5
4
3
2
0.8
0.1
0.6
0.3
0.5
1

Section A - 6 Inputs
TC/AV
OC/GA
2.4
0.4
3.1
5
0.4
0.4
1.2
2.7
2.3
1.8
1.8
2.4
1
3.5
0.333333
4.4
1
3.9
7
3.2

OC/AV
7.6
3.5
5.6
8.7
5.6
4.3
2.3
6.5
1
4.5

GA/AV
0.111111
0.2
0.333333
0.2
0.333333
0.111111
1
0.333333
1
7

3.459894 0.98127 1.139048 1.377937 2.107937 0.808677

2.639273 1.533793 1.773347 1.812015 2.728571 1.715337
1

Analytical Hierarchy Process

(1/2)
Key in Field Data
Main Parameters
Internal
External

TC

Passive Design Area (PDA)

OC

PGA

LAV

TC
1
1/A

OC
A
1

PGA

AW

FD

VO

CS

WP

AW
1
1/B

FD
B
1

VO

AHP Process

TC
OC
PGA
AV
Total

LAV

1
1

AW
FD
VO
CS
WP
Total

CS

WP

1
1
1

Analytical Hierarchy Process

(2/2)
(i)
AW
FD
VO
CS
WP
Total

(ii)
AW
FD
VO
CS
WP
Total

Paired Wise Comparison:

AW
FD
1.000
3.000
0.333
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
3.333
6.000

VO
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.250
0.250
3.500

Weightage of Passive Design Areas:

AW
FD
VO
0.300
0.500
0.286
0.100
0.167
0.286
0.300
0.167
0.286
0.150
0.083
0.071
0.150
0.083
0.071

CS
2.000
2.000
4.000
1.000
0.333
9.333

WP
2.000
2.000
4.000
3.000
1.000
12.000

CS
0.214
0.214
0.429
0.107
0.036

Average
WP
0.293
0.167
0.187
0.167
0.303
0.333
0.132
0.250
0.083
0.085
1.000

Adj
0.295508
0.188695
0.304073
0.129215
0.08251
(Eigenvector)

The Output (1/2)

General Information
Local Air Velocity (LAR)
Proportional Green Area (PGA)
PDAs
Total Area
AW Area
FD Area
VO Area
CS Area
WP Area

280
32
45
67
120
34
Total

m/s
(in ratio)

UOM
2
m
(for all enclosure - wall, floor and ceiling)
0.114286
0.160714
0.239286
0.428571
0.121429
1.064286

Thermal Comfort Ranking

0.833

Operational Cost Ranking

0.556

The Output (2/2)

Weightage of Passive Design Areas
AW
FD
VO
CS
WP

Air Well
Faade Design
Ventilation Openings
Corridors and Shadings
Walls and Partitons

0.296
0.189
0.304
0.129
0.083

1.000

0.330
0.190
0.240
0.240

1.000

Weightage of Main Parameters

TC
OC
PGA
LAV

Thermal Comfort
Lifecycle Operational Cost
Proportional Green Area
Local Air Velocity

The Link
Stage 1

Stage 2

Case 1
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone .
Zone 9

Case 2
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone .
Zone 9

Case 3
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone .
Zone 9

Integration
LAV
PGA
PDA
TC
OC

Case .
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone .
Zone 9

Case n
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone .
Zone 9

Stage 2: Integration
1.Input from Stage one.
2.Tabulate zones according to parameters.

3.Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA)

4.Final Output: VOCI
(Ventilation Optimization Composite Index)

Tabulated Data (1/7)

I. Independents (x):
Local Air velocity (LAV).
Proportional Green Area (PGA).
Thermal Comfort (TC).
Lifecycle Operation Cost (OC).

Tabulated Data (2/7)

Air Velocity
Zone 1
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average
0.18
0.32
1.5
0.2
0.4
2.9
0.2
0.29
0.27 0.695556

Zone 9
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average
1.8
0.32
1.5
0.2
0.4
2.9
2
0.29
0.27 1.075556

Tabulated Data (3/7)

Proportional Green Area:
Zone 1
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average
0.18
0.32
0.15
0.2
0.4
0.29
0.2
0.29
0.27 0.255556

Zone 9
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average
0.9
0.45
0.65
0.72
0.4
0.8
0.2
0.9
0.55 0.618889

Tabulated Data (4/7)

Thermal Comfort
Zone 1
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average
0.34
0.32
0.36
0.2
0.6
0.15
0.2
0.48
0.27 0.324444

Zone 9
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average
0.32
0.32
0.45
0.2
0.69
0.38
0.79
0.33
0.26 0.415556

Tabulated Data (5/7)

Lifecycle Operational Cost
Zone 1
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average
0.54
0.66
0.15
0.34
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.34
0.27 0.344444

Zone 9
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average
0.28
0.32
0.45
0.2
0.58
0.29
0.3
0.29
0.29 0.333333

Tabulated Data (6/7)

I. Dependents (y):
Proportional Passive Design Area
(PPDA).

Tabulated Data (7/7)

Proportional Passive Design Area (PPDA):

AW
FD
VO
CS
WP
Total

Case 1
0.18
0.2
0.23
0.1
0.34
1.05

Case 2
0.32
0.12
0.2
0.22
0.33
1.19

Case 3
0.15
0.12
0.3
0.18
0.45
1.2

Case 4
0.2
0.24
0.13
0.3
0.23
1.1

Zone 1
Case 5
0.4
0.22
0.1
0.14
0.12
0.98

Case 6
0.29
0.18
0.18
0.36
0.14
1.15

Case 7 Case ..
0.2
0.29
0.3
0.25
0.25
0.1
0.1
0.25
0.05
0.3
0.9
1.19

Case n
0.27
0.32
0.15
0.14
0.12
1

Average
0.255556
0.216667
0.182222
0.198889
0.231111
1.084444

Std Dev
0.079547
0.070356
0.069242
0.090891
0.13233
0.091482

0.050622
0.039600
0.038356
0.066089
0.140089
0.334756

AW
FD
VO
CS
WP
Total

Case 1
0.26
0.24
0.21
0.19
0.17
1.07

Case 2
0.22
0.19
0.18
0.25
0.12
0.96

Case 3
0.15
0.19
0.24
0.18
0.17
0.93

Case 4
0.18
0.19
0.25
0.29
0.1
1.01

Zone 9
Case 5
0.31
0.29
0.05
0.14
0.12
0.91

Case 6
0.16
0.29
0.18
0.14
0.25
1.02

Case 7 Case ..
0.12
0.18
0.19
0.22
0.17
0.1
0.19
0.1
0.13
0.08
0.8
0.68

Case n
0.19
0.17
0.19
0.15
0.23
0.93

Average
0.196667
0.218889
0.174444
0.181111
0.152222
0.923333

Std Dev
0.058523
0.045123
0.063857
0.058831
0.057831
0.057174

0.027400
0.016289
0.032622
0.027689
0.026756
0.130756

Average
0.236173
0.214259
0.198765
0.189259
0.191481
1.029938

Std Dev
0.072455
0.073539
0.065765
0.078722
0.070636

Element
AW
FD
VO
CS
WP
Total

Std Adj-1
0.377978
0.389378
0.311400
0.446200
0.359244
0.072346

Multiple Regression Analysis

(1/6)
Types of Analysis:
1.PPDA (y) vs LAV (x1)
2.PPDA (y) vs PGA (x2)
3.PPDA (y) vs TC (x3)
4.PPDA (y) vs OC (x4)
Optimize the proportional value of each
paired parameters.

Multiple Regression Analysis

(2/6)
The Process:
1.Correlate the Dependents with
Independent.

2.Iterate up to highest level (approach to 1).

3.Determine the values of coefficients.
4.Using Solver to identify final optimized
values of dependents and independents.

Multiple Regression Analysis

(3/6)
Local Air Velocity to Proportional Passive Design Area
YC
Zone Sec PPDA
1 KIV
1.084444
2
1.068889
3
1.109444
4
1.071111
5
1.073333
6
1.007778
7
0.92
8
1.011111
9
0.923333
Coefficient 824.0988
2
Regression status
Improvement %
Individual Input

X1
LAV
0.695556
0.793333
0.94
1.152222
1.204444
1.125556
1.333333
1.502222
1.075556
-2570.068

X2
LAV
0.483798
0.629378
0.8836
1.327616
1.450686
1.266875
1.777778
2.256672
1.15682
0
0.266412

X3
LAV
0.336508
0.499306
0.830584
1.529709
1.747271
1.425939
2.37037
3.390022
1.244224
5933.037

X4
LAV
0.23406
0.396116
0.780749
1.762564
2.104491
1.604973
3.160494
5.092567
1.338232
0
0.318927

X5
LAV
0.162802
0.314252
0.733904
2.030866
2.534743
1.806486
4.213992
7.650167
1.439343
-11418.37

X6
LAV
0.113238
0.249307
0.68987
2.340009
3.052957
2.033301
5.618656
11.49225
1.548093
0
0.902944

X7
LAV
0.078763
0.197783
0.648478
2.69621
3.677117
2.288593
7.491541
17.26391
1.66506
23802.53

X8
LAV
0.054784
0.156908
0.609569
3.106633
4.428883
2.575938
9.988721
25.93424
1.790865
-26298
0.883791

X9
LAV
0.038105
0.12448
0.572995
3.579532
5.334343
2.899362
13.31829
38.95899
1.926175
11649.89

X10
LAV
0.026504
0.098755
0.538615
4.124416
6.42492
3.263393
17.75773
58.52505
2.071708
-1922.22
0.996287

YP
PPDA
1.084454
1.068843
1.109681
1.06342
1.074804
1.016462
0.919953
1.011112
0.920716

1.183382 1.400392 1.657198 1.961098 2.320727 2.746305 3.249927 3.845904 4.551171 5.385772 1.086536

Multiple Regression Analysis

(4/6)

Proportional Green Area to Proportional Passive Design Area

YC
Zone Sec PPDA
1 KIV 1.084444
2
1.068889
3
1.109444
4
1.071111
5
1.073333
6
1.007778
7
0.92
8
1.011111
9
0.923333
Coefficient -120.4741
2
Regression status
Improvement %
Individual Input

X1
PGA
0.255556
0.343333
0.35
0.304444
0.365556
0.574444
0.484444
0.472222
0.618889
1713.725

X2
PGA
0.065309
0.117878
0.1225
0.092686
0.133631
0.329986
0.234686
0.222994
0.383023
-9363.393
0.683089

X3
PGA
0.01669
0.040471
0.042875
0.028218
0.04885
0.189559
0.113693
0.105303
0.237049
24129.46

X4
PGA
0.004265
0.013895
0.015006
0.008591
0.017857
0.108891
0.055078
0.049726
0.146707
-26216.36
0.784875

X5
PGA
0.00109
0.004771
0.005252
0.002615
0.006528
0.062552
0.026682
0.023482
0.090795
0

X6
PGA
0.000279
0.001638
0.001838
0.000796
0.002386
0.035933
0.012926
0.011089
0.056192
15169.83
0.887162

X7
PGA
7.12E-05
0.000562
0.000643
0.000242
0.000872
0.020641
0.006262
0.005236
0.034777
0

X8
PGA
1.82E-05
0.000193
0.000225
7.38E-05
0.000319
0.011857
0.003034
0.002473
0.021523
0
0.931201

X9
PGA
4.65E-06
6.63E-05
7.88E-05
2.25E-05
0.000117
0.006811
0.00147
0.001168
0.01332
0

X10
PGA
1.19E-06
2.28E-05
2.76E-05
6.84E-06
4.26E-05
0.003913
0.000712
0.000551
0.008244
-9580.2
0.934554

YP
PPDA
1.083645
1.069801
1.077584
1.077316
1.10198
1.006933
0.936836
0.991829
0.923521

0.409361 0.167577 0.068599 0.028082 0.011496 0.004706 0.001926 0.000789 0.000323 0.000132 1.154474

Multiple Regression Analysis

(5/6)
Thermal Comfort to Proportional Passive Design Area
YC
Zone Sec PPDA
1 KIV 1.084444
2
1.068889
3
1.109444
4
1.071111
5
1.073333
6
1.007778
7
0.92
8
1.011111
9
0.923333
Coefficient 3.105289
2
Regression status
Improvement %
Individual Input

X1
TC
0.324444
0.291111
0.324444
0.324444
0.398889
0.37
0.304444
0.322222
0.415556
-10.32675

X2
TC
0.105264
0.084746
0.105264
0.105264
0.159112
0.1369
0.092686
0.103827
0.172686
-12.67246
0.218714

X3
TC
0.034152
0.02467
0.034152
0.034152
0.063468
0.050653
0.028218
0.033455
0.071761
92.00316

X4
TC
0.011081
0.007182
0.011081
0.011081
0.025317
0.018742
0.008591
0.01078
0.029821
0
0.266835

X5
TC
0.003595
0.002091
0.003595
0.003595
0.010099
0.006934
0.002615
0.003474
0.012392
0
0.266472

X6
TC
0.001166
0.000609
0.001166
0.001166
0.004028
0.002566
0.000796
0.001119
0.00515
-443.7469
0.26668

X7
TC
0.000378
0.000177
0.000378
0.000378
0.001607
0.000949
0.000242
0.000361
0.00214

X8
TC
0.000123
5.16E-05
0.000123
0.000123
0.000641
0.000351
7.38E-05
0.000116
0.000889
0.26668

X9
TC
3.98E-05
1.5E-05
3.98E-05
3.98E-05
0.000256
0.00013
2.25E-05
3.74E-05
0.00037

X10
TC
1.29E-05
4.37E-06
1.29E-05
1.29E-05
0.000102
4.81E-05
6.84E-06
1.21E-05
0.000154

YP
PPDA
1.045423
1.024799
1.045423
1.045423
1.021485
1.071235
1.029603
1.043369
0.942685

0.26668

0.364075 0.132551 0.048258 0.01757 0.006397 0.002329 0.000848 0.000309 0.000112 4.09E-05 1.072328

Multiple Regression Analysis

(6/6)
Operational Cost to Proportional Passive Design Area
YC
Zone Sec PPDA
1 KIV 1.084444
2
1.068889
3
1.109444
4
1.071111
5
1.073333
6
1.007778
7
0.92
8
1.011111
9
0.923333
Coefficient 189.4128
2
Regression status
Improvement %
Individual Input

X1
OC
0.344444
0.285556
0.437778
0.277778
0.275556
0.277778
0.447778
0.386667
0.333333
-2281.454

X2
OC
0.118642
0.081542
0.191649
0.07716
0.075931
0.07716
0.200505
0.149511
0.111111
9747.567
0.077937

X3
OC
0.040866
0.023285
0.0839
0.021433
0.020923
0.021433
0.089782
0.057811
0.037037
-15153.75

X4
OC
0.014076
0.006649
0.036729
0.005954
0.005765
0.005954
0.040202
0.022354
0.012346
0
0.370622

X5
OC
0.004848
0.001899
0.016079
0.001654
0.001589
0.001654
0.018002
0.008643
0.004115
0

X6
OC
0.00167
0.000542
0.007039
0.000459
0.000438
0.000459
0.008061
0.003342
0.001372
45308.43
0.495785

X7
OC
0.000575
0.000155
0.003082
0.000128
0.000121
0.000128
0.003609
0.001292
0.000457
0

X8
OC
0.000198
4.42E-05
0.001349
3.54E-05
3.32E-05
3.54E-05
0.001616
0.0005
0.000152
-77977.5
0.510116

X9
OC
6.82E-05
1.26E-05
0.000591
9.85E-06
9.16E-06
9.85E-06
0.000724
0.000193
5.08E-05

X10
OC
2.35E-05
3.61E-06
0.000259
2.74E-06
2.52E-06
2.74E-06
0.000324
7.47E-05
1.69E-05

YP
PPDA
0.997729
1.033272
1.099368
1.055586
1.065235
1.055586
0.925986
1.029013
1.007669

0.510116

0.424231 0.179972 0.07635 0.03239 0.013741 0.005829 0.002473 0.001049 0.000445 0.000189 1.162568

Transport the Data

Optimized
Values
through
MRA

LAV
PGA
TC
OC

The Link

VOCI

The Link (1/2)

Main Parameters

TC
OC
PGA
LAV
Total

Case 1
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.2
1

Case 2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
1

Case 3
0.05
0.12
0.18
0.65
1

Case 4
0.33
0.44
0.1
0.13
1

Zone 1
Case 5
0.06
0.32
0.14
0.48
1

TC
OC
PGA
LAV
Total

Case 1
0.23
0.34
0.17
0.26
1

Case 2
0.28
0.22
0.25
0.25
1

Case 3
0.35
0.34
0.21
0.1
1

Case 4
0.23
0.34
0.38
0.05
1

Zone 9
Case 5
0.25
0.32
0.29
0.14
1

Case 6
0.29
0.18
0.36
0.17
1

Case 7
Case ..
0.4
0.19
0.3
0.35
0.1
0.25
0.2
0.21
1
1

Case n
0.27
0.32
0.14
0.27
1

Average
0.254444
0.303333
0.174444
0.267778
1

Case 6
0.28
0.19
0.32
0.21
1

Case 7
Case ..
0.33
0.32
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.19
0.24
0.28
1
1

Case n
0.29
0.35
0.23
0.13
1

Average
0.284444
0.281111
0.25
0.184444
1

Combined Average
TC
0.267901
OC
0.268765
PGA
0.234815
LAV
0.228519

The Link (2/2)

Passive Design Area Preference Ranking

AW
FD
VO
CS
WP
Total

Case 1
0.18
0.2
0.23
0.1
0.29
1

Case 2
0.32
0.12
0.2
0.22
0.14
1

Case 3
0.15
0.12
0.3
0.18
0.25
1

Case 4
0.2
0.24
0.13
0.2
0.23
1

Zone 1
Case 5
0.4
0.22
0.1
0.14
0.14
1

Case 6
0.29
0.18
0.18
0.36
-0.01
1

Case 7
Case ..
0.2
0.29
0.3
0.25
0.25
0.1
0.1
0.25
0.15
0.11
1
1

Case n
0.27
0.32
0.15
0.14
0.12
1

Average
0.255556
0.216667
0.182222
0.187778
0.157778
1

AW
FD
VO
CS
WP
Total

Case 1
0.21
0.24
0.25
0.1
0.2
1

Case 2
0.23
0.2
0.15
0.18
0.24
1

Case 3
0.24
0.21
0.3
0.1
0.15
1

Case 4
0.14
0.19
0.23
0.26
0.18
1

Zone 9
Case 5
0.23
0.18
0.17
0.23
0.19
1

Case 6
0.23
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.26
1

Case 7
Case ..
0.15
0.3
0.29
0.12
0.1
0.25
0.3
0.13
0.16
0.2
1
1

Case n
0.14
0.19
0.23
0.25
0.19
1

Average
0.207778
0.2
0.205556
0.19
0.196667
1

AW
FD
VO
CS
WP
Total

C.Average
0.22037
0.224444
0.206296
0.173951
0.174938
1

Final Output (1/2)

VOCI - Decision Simulation

TC
OC
PGA
LAV
Total

Weightage
0.2679012
0.2687654
0.2348148
0.2285185
1.000

PPDA
1.072328
1.162568
1.154474
1.086536
4.476

Combined
0.287278
0.312458
0.271088
0.248294
1.119

UOM
m
388.000 (Total Area)
434.218 (Total PDA)

Final Output (2/2)

Priority (Allocation settings)
2
m
Priority
Ranking
AW
0.220
95.689
2.000
FD
0.224
97.458
1.000
(Optimum PPDA for
VO
0.206
89.577
3.000
each parameter)
0.174
75.532
5.000
CA
0.175
75.961
4.000
BP
Checking
0.000

Hypothesis Testing
H0

M1 = M0

H1

M 1 M0

where

(for PDA Comparison)

M1 =

1.119

M0 =

1.029938

SD1 =
N=

0.072346
9
(Z-test)
3.698045

Hypothesis Testing
with tail-test of
At confidence level of
Tabled value is
Therefore, Ho is
(Conclusion:

0.95

one
0.05
1.645
rejected

(T-test)
3.48655
two
0.025
1.96
rejected

one
0.05
1.86
rejected

There is significant difference between the amendment of the design layout).

two
0.025
2.306
rejected

Expected Contribution
To estimate the passive design areas
for
optimizing
natural
ventilation
performance within a building.
To provide a basic guideline for the
designers for allocation of passive
areas within and around a building.

Limitation
Applicable for low density office
buildings (one or two storey).
Suitable for office buildings surrounded
by spacious green environment.
Useful for areas with consistent outdoor
temperature and air velocity.
Initial costs for ventilation systems are
considered as sunk costs.

THANK YOU