Introduction to Pressure Measurement

FG05W5 Version 1.3 2010

Standards Certification Education & Training Publishing Conferences & Exhibits

Seminar Logistics
Seminar materials
Downloadable presentation Question and Answer session (audio and email) Survey Earn 1.5 Professional Development Hours (PDH)

Seminar length
90 minute total presentation Three approximately 20 minute instructional presentations Three approximately 10-minute question and answer sessions

2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Audio Instructions
Please note the following during the seminar: As a participant, you are in a listen-only mode. You may ask questions via the internet, using your keyboard, at any time during the presentation. However, the presenter may decide to wait to answer your question until the next Q&A Session. If you have audio difficulties, press *0.

Audio Instructions for Q & A Sessions

Questions may be asked via your telephone line. Press the *1 key on your telephone key-pad. If there are no other callers on the line, the operator will announce your name and affiliation to the audience and then ask for your question. If other participants are asking questions, you will be placed into a queue until you are first in line. While in the queue, you will be in a listen-only mode until the operator indicates that your phone has been activated. The operator will announce your name and affiliation and then ask for your question.

2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Introduction of the Presenter

ISA Presenter
Larry Thompson, CAP ISA Adjunct instructor since 1984. B.A.A.S Tarleton State University. Instructor for Texas State Technical College in Instrumentation (1977-1979), Computer Networking and System Administration (1996-1999), E-Commerce Technology (19992003). CCST Certificate, FCC Radiotelephone License (General, formerly First Class). Served 20 years USAF primarily in Electronic Encryption Systems. Owned and managed own services business since 1979. Designed, developed, taught and maintained industrial controls in many varied applications. Author of ISA books: Industrial Data Communications and Basic Electrics/Electronics for Control

Goals of this Session

Discuss the measurement principles, instrument technologies, and applications to process conditions for pressure measurement

2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Course Objectives
Define pressure in terms of force and mass Describe how fluid height/specific gravity affect pressure Differentiate between absolute and gage pressure Describe the operation of a manometer Describe the operation of pressure gages Describe the operation of electrical pressure transducers Identify different types of electrical pressure transducers Describe the operation of pressure transmitters Describe installation considerations for pressure instruments Describe methods of protecting pressure measurement devices from damage
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Section 1: Intro to Pressure Measurement

Introduction to Pressure:
Force Exerted by Liquids Forces Exerted by Gas

Pressure Measurement:
Units of Measurement Converting Measurement Units

Differential Pressure Specific Gravity

2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

What is Pressure
Pressure is force over an area Work is force through a distance Therefore, pressure is potential energy Area = l x w force

Liquid Force Over An Area

P = F/A Atmospheric Pressure

I n c r e a s i n g

P r e s s u r e

Area = r2 Force = Weight of liquid

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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Gas Pressure Over An Area

A gas (other than a blanket of air atmosphere) exerts an equal force throughout its constraint (vessel).

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Liquid Pressure

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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Common Conversions

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Atmospheric Pressure

2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Differential Pressure (1)

All pressure measurement is differential
Gauge is measured as difference between measured and atmospheric Absolute is measured as difference between measured and absolute (complete vacuum)

In measurement when it is called differential, it means the difference between two pressures of which neither may be absolute or atmospheric. Differential simply means difference between

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Differential Pressure (2)

30 psi 30 psi

High Side

Low Side

Hi 30 psi

Lo 0 psi

Hi 0 psi

Lo 30 psi

Positive Pressure

Negative Pressure
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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Differential Pressure (3)

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Specific Gravity
Ratio of density of a process material to the density of water or air Specific gravity of water = 1 Specific gravity of air = 1 Example:
Density Mercury = 848.6 lbs/ft3 Specific Gravity = 848.6 lbs/62.4 lbs = 13.6 Density (petroleum) = 54.8 lbs./cu. ft. Specific Gravity = 54.8 lbs/62.4 lbs = 0.077

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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Review of Key Points

Introduction to Pressure:
Force Exerted by Liquids Forces Exerted by Gas

Pressure Measurement:
Units of Measurement Converting Measurement Units

Differential Pressure Specific Gravity

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Section 2: Physical Measurement

Manometers:
Basic Manometers Types of Manometers

Mechanical Pressure Transducers:

Principles of Mechanical Pressure Transducers Types of Pressure Transducers

Pneumatic Pressure Transmitters

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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

U-Tube Manometers

U-Tube Manometers (contd)

2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Hydrostatic Head Pressure

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Well Manometers

2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Example of Pascals Law

Bourdon, Helical, Spiral, Elements

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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Bellows

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Diaphragm

Diaphragm:

front

side

capsule

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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Flapper and Nozzle

Pneumatic Transmitters

2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Review of Key Points

Manometers:
Basic Manometers Types of Manometers

Mechanical Pressure Transducers:

Principles of Mechanical Pressure Transducers Types of Pressure Transducers

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Live Question and Answer Session

During Q&A, questions may be asked via your telephone line. Press the *1 key on your telephone key-pad. If there are no other callers on the line, the operator will announce your name and affiliation to the audience and then ask for your question. If other participants are asking questions, you will be placed into a queue until you are first in line. While in the queue, you will be in a listen-only mode until the operator indicates that your phone has been activated. The operator will announce your name and affiliation and then ask for your question.

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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Section 3: Electrical Pressure Measurement

Electrical Pressure Elements:
Principles of Electrical Pressure Transducers Types of Electrical Pressure Transducers

Electronic Pressure Elements:

Strain Gage Crystals

Electronic Pressure Transmitters Installation Considerations

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Electronic Pressure Element Principles

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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Capacitive Pressure Sensor

- lead wires - capacitor plates - sensing plate - solid insulation - silicon oil

- isolating diaphragm - welded seals

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Current to Pneumatic (I/P) Transducer

Used to convert current signal to pressure signal

2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Strain Gauge

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Load Cell

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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Piezoelectric Forces

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Crystal Pressure Sensor

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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Typical dP Electronic Transmitter

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Digital Pressure Transmitter

Real Engineering Language Tag Value Units Device status Sensor status PV value HI/HI alarm HI alarm LO alarm LO/LO alarm Trending = PIT-010 = 70.34 = Psig = Good/bad = Good/bad = Good/bad

Foundation Fieldbus Transmitter

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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Pressure Transmitter Installation

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Pig Tail

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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Zero Suppression

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Key Points
Electrical Pressure Elements:
Principles of Electrical Pressure Transducers Types of Electrical Pressure Transducers

Electronic Pressure Elements:

Strain Gage Crystals

Electronic Pressure Transmitters Installation Considerations

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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

How Many People Are at Your Site?

Poll Slide Click on the appropriate number indicating the number of people that are at your site.

Live Question and Answer Session

During Q&A, questions may be asked via your telephone line. Press the *1 key on your telephone key-pad. If there are no other callers on the line, the operator will announce your name and affiliation to the audience and then ask for your question. If other participants are asking questions, you will be placed into a queue until you are first in line. While in the queue, you will be in a listen-only mode until the operator indicates that your phone has been activated. The operator will announce your name and affiliation and then ask for your question.

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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Related ISA Courses

FG07 Introduction to Industrial Automation and Control TC05 Tuning Control Loops TS00 CCST Review Course

All ISA courses are available any time as on-site training For more information: www.isa.org/training or (919) 549-8411

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ISA Certifications
Certified Automation Professionals (CAP )
www.isa.org/CAP

Certified Control Systems Technician (CCST)

www.isa.org/CCST

Please visit us online for more information on any of these programs, or call (919) 549-8411.

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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)

Conclusion
This is the end of: Introduction to Pressure Measurement

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2010 ISA FG05W5 (1.3)