1.

Consumers are demanding food which is fresher and has a longer shelf-life. Packaging technology makes use of some simple chemical reactions to control the composition of the head space (the space between the food and package). Some of these reactions control the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, moisture and ethene in the head space. Oxygen in the head space often accelerates food spoilage. Iron metal in sachets removes oxygen and is said to act as an oxygen scavenger. The iron reacts with the oxygen, in the presence of moisture, as shown in the following equation. Balance the equation. 4Fe(s) + ..O2(g) + ..H2O(l) 4Fe(OH)3(s)
[Total 2 marks]

2.

Alloys of beryllium and copper are used for aircraft parts because of their high strength and resistance to corrosion. A typical copperberyllium alloy contains 1.75% by mass of beryllium. Assume all the rest of the alloy is copper. (i) Calculate the number of moles of beryllium and copper in 100 g of the alloy. moles Be = ........................................ moles Cu = ........................................
[2]

(ii)

Calculate the percentage of atoms of beryllium in the alloy. Give your answer to two significant figures.

% Be atoms = ..........................................................
[3] [Total 5 marks]

City and Islington college

3.

Pitchblende is a uranium ore found in granite rocks. The uranium is present as an oxide. The purified uranium oxide was analysed and found to contain 88.1% uranium by mass. Calculate the empirical (simplest) formula of the uranium oxide. Ar: U, 238; O, 16

empirical formula ............................

[Total 3 marks]

4.

Caesium is stored under oil because it reacts rapidly with oxygen to form a highly dangerous superoxide. Analysis of a sample of the superoxide showed the compound to contain 80.6% caesium by mass, the rest being oxygen. Calculate the empirical formula for the superoxide. Show your working. Ar:Cs, 133; O, 16

empirical formula .................................................

[Total 3 marks]

5.

The americium in smoke detectors is in the form of an oxide. A sample of the oxide contains 88.3% by mass of americium. (i) Calculate the empirical formula of the oxide. Ar: Am, 241; O, 16 empirical formula = ................................
[2]

(ii)

0.008 moles of americium oxide is enough for 5000 smoke detectors. Calculate the mass, in grams, of americium oxide per smoke detector. Give your answer to one significant figure.

mass = ................................g
[3] [Total 5 marks]

City and Islington college