ADVANCE PLACEMENT WORLD HISTORY CH.

26 1850-1945 New Power Balance

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. How was ocean shipping transformed by the mid-nineteenth century? a. There were more efficient, powerful engines. b. The average size of freighters increased from 200 to 7,500 tons. c. Steel replaced wooden hulls. d. Propellers replaced paddle wheels. e. All of these 2. The "annihilation of time and space," extolled by the public and the press, referred especially to a. the development of aircraft. b. submarine telegraph cables. c. transcontinental railroads. d. the science fiction musings of H. G. Wells. e. an accurate clock. 3. Most railways were built by European or American engineers with equipment from the West. The exception to this was in a. Japan. b. China. c. Mexico. d. the Orient Express. e. Russia. 4. The largest railway network in the world at the end of the nineteenth century was in a. Great Britain. b. Canada. c. Mexico. d. Japan. e. the United States. 5. One of the most significant environmental effects of building railroads was a. displacement of the indigenous populations. b. destruction of local wildlife. c. vast consumption of lumber. d. pollution from coal burning engines. e. soil erosion that damaged agriculture. 6. The chemical dye industry hurt tropical nations such as India because a. of those nations' textile industries. b. the industry exploited workers in those countries. c. those nations grew the most indigo. d. of the environmental impact of dye factories. e. Indians and other tropical peoples could not afford chemical dyes. 7. Industrial chemistry was a great advantage to Germany because Germany a. controlled the sources for the raw materials. b. was the most innovative nation at that time. c. allowed the government to support those industries. d. had the most advanced scientific institutions.

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e. was forbidden to do military research. 8. The most prominent early use of electric current was a. in steel making. b. for lighting. c. for telegraph systems. d. in the chemical dye industry. e. the electric chair. 9. The negative environmental effects of nineteenth-century industrialization included all of the following except a. smoke and particulate matter polluting the air. b. large piles of waste product and slag left behind. c. chemical and dye materials dumped into the rivers. d. deforestation and reduction of agriculture for areas used for mining coal, iron, and limestone. e. depletion of the ozone layer. 10. By a. b. c. d. e. 1900, Britain controlled all of the following industries except: shipping international banking submarine cables. chemical dyes foreign infrastructure development

11. The increase in the number of Europeans overseas was largely due to a. a drop in the death rate. b. epidemic disease in Europe. c. famine and starvation. d. plague spreading in Europe. e. the abolition of serfdom in Russia. 12. As a result of immigration, between 1850-1910, the population of northern America increased by almost a. half b. three-quarters c. twice d. four-fold e. ten-fold 13. Which of the following is not one way that cities in industrial nations changed their character in the nineteenth century? a. Railroads with regular schedules brought food and commuters into the cities to work. b. Police and fire departments were created. c. Poverty virtually disappeared. d. City planning was used. e. Sanitation improved and death rates decreased. 14. The most important urban technological innovation was a. gas lamps for lighting. b. electric streetcars and subways. c. paved roadways for transport and travel. d. pipes for water and sewage. e. apartment buildings.

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15. The growth of towns and cities was made easier by railways, creating the commuter society. This affected primarily which class? a. Students traveling to universities b. Missionaries seeking to evangelize c. Middle-class entrepreneurs escaping to country estates on the weekend d. Working-class laborers in the suburbs e. The wealthy, who could afford train tickets 16. New models of urban development laid out city plans modeled after: a. Chicago b. London. c. Paris. d. Buenos Aires e. St. Petersburg 17. The Victorian Age refers to rules of behavior and family wherein a. marriage was an economic contract between male and female. b. men and women began to share equally the duties of child-rearing. c. the home was idealized as a peaceful and loving refuge. d. male and female children were educated away from the family in boarding schools. e. women were finally encouraged to work outside the home. 18. Late-nineteenth-century Victorian morality dictated that men and women a. belong in factories. b. belong in comparable social spheres. c. belong in "separate spheres." d. should be involved in politics. e. should be in a competitive relationship. 19. Families were considered middle class only if they a. had a second home. b. were college-educated. c. did not work with their hands. d. owned their own horses. e. employed a full-time servant. 20. Care and support of the new infrastructure by municipal governments included all of the following except a. police protection. b. fire protection. c. garbage removal. d. health inspectors. e. homeowner's associations. 21. The most important duty of middle class women was considered: a. teaching. b. supporting her husband by creating a happy domestic sphere. c. maintaining moral and spiritual purity. d. raising children. e. contributing to the household economy. 22. When the typewriter and telephone were first used in business in the 1880s, a. businessmen found that they were ideal tools for women workers.

ADVANCE PLACEMENT WORLD HISTORY CH. 26 1850-1945 New Power Balance

b. c. d. e. only men could use them. they created new jobs for immigrant workers. widespread job losses resulted. they were a failure because people feared new inventions.

23. Why were women considered well suited for teaching jobs? a. Women refused to do most other types of work. b. They were better educated than men. c. Men were needed in factory work. d. Teaching was an extension of the duties of Victorian mothers. e. Teaching was considered unimportant. 24. Some women sought satisfaction outside of the home and became involved a. in working as volunteer social workers or nurses. b. in organizing reform movements to curtail alcohol, prostitution, and child labor. c. in working for women's suffrage. d. All of these e. None of these 25. Urban planning methods in replacing old, crowded cities included a. organizing neighborhoods according to immigrant nationality. b. laying out new cities on rectangular grids. c. maintaining traditional streets to appeal to national historical memory. d. creating "planned communities" with all amenities within walking distance of miniature villages. e. removing vestiges of medieval town halls. 26. Which of the following is not one way that working-class women earned money to support the family? a. Doing piecework such as sewing and making lace, hats, or gloves b. Doing laundry for people c. Taking in boarders d. Doing domestic service or factory work e. Teaching 27. Suffragists lobbied for which reform of women's lives? a. equal wages. b. the right to vote. c. elimination of prostitution. d. access to universities. e. workers' rights. 28. As a. b. c. d. e. a result of the revolutions of cotton cloth and sewing machines, the poor could afford to own several sets of cloths. the "mauve decade" emerged with a new trend for purple clothes. ready-made clothing increased the number of department stores. more women were forced to work in garment sweat-shops. the woolen trade decreased significantly.

29. What ideology questioned the sanctity of private property? a. Capitalism b. Socialism c. Manichaeism d. Mercantilism e. Liberalism

ADVANCE PLACEMENT WORLD HISTORY CH. 26 1850-1945 New Power Balance

30. The nineteenth-century movement that defended workers against their employers was a. Social Darwinism. b. liberalism. c. the labor union movement. d. millenarianism. e. the Wobblies. 31. Karl Marx defined "surplus value" as the a. appropriate profit of business. b. difference between wages and the value of goods. c. proper cost of goods in the marketplace. d. amount that business owners were able to put into the bank. e. sum total of all goods and services produced in a country. 32. In the Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels argued that the elimination of private property would a. empower the workers to have a revolution. b. strip the bourgeoisie of their oppressive powers. c. establish a new society without government. d. end the suffering of the third world. e. redistribute all material wealth universally. 33. Workers around the world primarily sought change a. by participating in the political system through voting. b. by overthrowing political institutions. c. by changing jobs. d. through radical socialist ideology. e. by striking. 34. According to Marx, the end of worker exploitation would occur when a. "scientific socialism" was proven by the intellectuals. b. war broke down barriers of nationalism and included colonist countries. c. free democracy replaced all entrenched monarchies in Europe. d. workers tired of being "have-nots" and rose up in violent opposition to their oppressors. e. war broke out and the Western industrialized, Christian world conquered the East. 35. The first place where universal male suffrage became law was in: a. France b. The United States. c. England. d. Germany e. Iceland. 36. A conflict between men and women in radical political movements resulted in: a. working class women had little time for politics. b. Emma Goldman and Rosa Luxemburg attracted a few followers. c. the reluctant realization that women's liberation would have to come second to workers' rights. d. exclusion from trade unions and radical political parties. e. all of these. 37. The most influential idea of the nineteenth century was

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a. b. c. d. e. Darwinism. liberalism. existentialism. authoritarianism. nationalism.

38. Which of the following was not an idea of liberalism? a. The sovereignty of the people b. The need for a constitutional government c. Freedom of expression d. The need for a national parliament e. Equality for all peoples 39. Who was the most famous early-nineteenth-century nationalist? a. Giuseppe Mazzini b. Gavrilo Princip c. Cecil Rhodes d. Emma Goldman e. John D. Rockefeller 40. The revolutions of 1848 convinced politicians that a. use of the media was the most important tool in swaying public sentiment. b. rubber bullets were an effective deterrent to rioters. c. they couldn't keep the people out of politics forever. d. democracy was an unworkable system. e. the common person should never participate in politics. 41. The most successful leader of Italian unification efforts was: a. Pope Pius IX b. Giuseppe Mazzinni c. Giuseppe Garabaldi d. Camillo Cavour e. Benito Mussolini 42. Bismarck's plan to unite most German-speaking people into a single state focused on using a. liberalism and language. b. industry and nationalism. c. religion and conservatism. d. ethnicity and race. e. democracy and liberalism. 43. A significant point of dispute between France and Germany was a. Germany's seizure of Alsace and Lorraine. b. Germany's assault on French naval supremacy. c. Germany's desire that France get out of Africa. d. Germany's support for Alfred Dreyfus. e. France's insistence that Strasbourg speak French. 44. The British nineteenth-century attitude toward Europe has been called a policy of a. "splendid isolation." b. arrogance and conceit. c. "laissez-faire." d. "divide and conquer." e. "ignorance is bliss."

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45. Why did nationalism fail to unify Russia and Austria-Hungary? a. Their empires never developed public education. b. Their empires included many ethnic and language groups. c. Their empires did not have a national anthem or flag. d. Their empires were too far away from states with new exciting ideas. e. Their economies were too poor. 46. A significant source of conflict between Russia and Austro-Hungary was a. Austria's attempts to dominate the Balkans, which undercut Russia's role as "protector" of the Slavic peoples. b. Austro-Hungary eyeing territories along the Black Sea in anticipation of the demise of the Ottomans. c. Austrian annexation of Albania. d. Austria trying to dominate Christians in the Ottoman Empire, which Russia felt was its domain e. Austria declaring an open-border policy to Jews escaping Russian persecution. 47. One direct result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905 was the a. humiliation of the outdated Japanese military and the stripping of Japanese colonies in Asia. b. acquisition of colonies in Africa. c. popular revolt that forced the creation of the Duma and a new constitution. d. overthrow of the Russian tsar. e. overthrow of the Japanese emperor. 48. The early-twentieth-century Chinese plan for reform was the a. Mandate of Heaven. b. "self-strengthening movement." c. Cixi reforms. d. imperial restoration. e. Great Leap Forward. 49. In a. b. c. d. e. Tokugawa Japan, the political power rested in the hands of the bureaucracy. shoguns. emperor. peasantry. merchants.

50. The biggest weakness of the Tokugawa Shogunate was an inability to resist invasion; therefore, a. the shogun instituted military reforms. b. the bureaucracy proposed a centralized government. c. the emperor proposed intense military training. d. Japan closed its border to foreigners. e. Japan welcomed foreigners and learned from them instead.