MIGRATION SOLUTIONS: INCREASING THE QUALITY OF ISOLATED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Created By : Justitia Stephanie Walewangko Binus University Jakarta Indonesia

1.

Preface Migration is a process that familiar to us. According to Munir.R., migration is

a movement of people in order to settle from one place to another beyond the political borders of the state or administrative boundaries within a country. There are two kind of migration : 1. International migration is the movement of people from one country to another. 2. Internal migration is a population movement that occurred in a country, such as inter-provincial, inter-city / county, population movement from rural to urban areas, and others. Youth migration is the process of migration or movement of people committed by young people. Generally, the causes of youth migration is a job and more appropriate education. The desire to work and get a more decent education motivates young people to migrate. In general, immigrants who live in big cities are the young people from remote areas. Their local conditions to encourage them to migrate because it is not able to guarantee improved quality of life including the quality of education they get. Moreover, the fact now, the quality of education in remote areas, the soft skill and hard skill very limited. The condition of education like this is very alarming. The governments only prioritize the quality of education for schools / colleges in urban areas. In fact, the success of national education depends on the quality of education in cities and regions. The government should build the public confidence in the nation's for education by improving the quality of education include the facilities and academic education so that no more young people who migrate to the cities to get a better education.

The impact of bad quality education in isolated regional is a increasing the number of migration in some big city in Indonesia. Example in Jakarta. This is a phenomenon that always happening in Jakarta. With the city situation that is a city that have a big number of society, it is not surprising that Jakarta has a fairly high level of immigration. Based on data from Central Bureau of Statistics of Indonesia, the number of in-migration in the provinces of DKI Jakarta from 1971 to 2000 experienced a significant increase from 1,791,635 people to 3,541,972 people. From the data, it can be said that the rate of migration in the provinces of DKI Jakarta is very high and certainly have a great impact to Jakarta. This condition is not only happening in Jakarta, but in many big cities in Indonesia. To reduce the impact of internal migration, the local government should pay attention to the quality of education (employability skills) community in particular young people so that it can suppress the number of migrating to other regions because every young person can live independently and work in accordance with the skills possessed. Employability skills are those basic skills necessary for getting, keeping, and doing well on a job. (The Workplace ; Sept.15 th 2000)

2.

Content How is the negative impact from youth migration for society?

The impact of internal migration is due to the many young people who wish to obtain jobs and better education of the areas where he came from. It's also a reason for me who are immigrants in Jakarta. I come from a small village in North Sulawesi province. Currently, I live in Jakarta to obtain a better employability skills either hardskill and softskill. My presence in Jakarta would also impact negatively on communities that are around where I live and learn. My presence can reduce the chances of other students to excel even minimize their opportunities to grow as more and more competition of course. In addition, the public works sector was also aggrieved over the presence of immigrants from areas with better employability skills of the community. In general, immigrants who are in Jakarta, which was originally to get a better education has been settled to work here. This is because, those who have been educated in Jakarta are generally better trained in their employability skills, as most immigrants from the

region have a greater desire to improve themselves than those who came from Jakarta. This is a picture of local immigrants who currently live in Jakarta. On the basis of this condition, it motivates many young people in the region to migrate to Jakarta due to seeing the results that have been obtained by a friend or relative who had already been settled in Jakarta. However, the presence of immigrants are also areas that do not have good employability skills can lead to unemployment in Jakarta. When they do not get the job, the unemployment rate in Jakarta is getting higher. This is seen by Central Bureau of Statistics DKI Jakarta, in absolute terms the unemployment rate from 2009 to 2010 experienced a significant increase of 13.51 thousand people from 569.34 to 582.85 thousand people. Therefore, the provincial government of DKI Jakarta should try to suppress the number of unemployed people by conducting various activities to improve the quality of the education every young person and trying to cooperate with other local governments in order to reduce the amount of migration to Jakarta. How is the positive impact from youth migration for society? The positive impact of internal migration, among others, society can learn to respect others despite different backgrounds, ethnicities, religions, and races. Moreover, Indonesia is rich in culture and every region has a cultural difference. From this migration process, then many people may know the cultural diversity of Indonesia and foster solidarity of the nation. In the world of education, presence of young immigrants to motivate young people to excel. Moreover, young immigrants are known which of course boasts smart with their achievements. Typically, the achievement of their existence is considered by the educational institutions so that they can improve the quality of education they become better because they had obtained. In the economic field, young immigrants can spur increased income areas where they settled.

Benefit Or Risk

Benefits and risk always go together in a process. Likewise that occurred in the migration process. In essence, migration is an advantage. Due to the migration

of the large increase opportunities for the region of origin. Automatically, the competition in the area will be smaller because many young people who migrate to other regions. With these conditions, the young people in the area will be easier to get a job and a decent education especially those in remote areas. Such conditions should be utilized by many people to get a better life. Gained greater opportunities, while the smaller competitors. Of course, the opportunity to work and be better educated. Many people who can work, and there are many people who could get an education. The risk of migration is also very large. This risk is caused by an incorrect view of several people who tried to take advantage of the chance of migration into a bad action. Risks are usually happening is the exploitation of young immigrants who tend to lead to sexual exploitation and trafficking. Moreover, based on the facts on the ground, victims of exploitation in general, immigrants are those who live in remote areas. According to recent data in 2009 of the Criminal Investigation Police of the Republic of Indonesia, cases of exploitation of young immigrants in this case of human trafficking reach 23.6% of the total cases of human trafficking. This shows the number of human exploitation in particular young people continues to increase. The main goal of this case is the exploitation of young people who are in remote areas. Why should they? a. The low level of education. Facts on the ground proves that those who are in remote areas generally have lower education levels than those in urban areas. The low education in remote areas causing high rates of exploitation of immigrants. This is because of differences in understanding between perpetrators and victims of exploitation. Different understanding of the intended difference is a difference of thought or way of thinking among people who are well educated and less educated people. b. Kondisi ekonomi Economic sectors of society are factors which influence and encourage the exploitation. In fact that happens, most people or young immigrants in the area chose to migrate because of low economic level of its region. They tend to try to find better jobs and earn more income. This tendency is a great

opportunity for some person or party to perform activities of exploitation of immigrants, which in turn is detrimental to the victims in this case the young man. c. Unemployement Besides the 2 things above, unemployment is one factor that greatly affects the high number of immigrant exploitation. Especially this time the higher unemployment rate due to competition within the greater world of work. For those who are in remote areas, this is one thing that is difficult when they must compete with young people who come from urban areas. Lack softskill caused many young people in remote areas do not get a job. The impact of this is that when young people in remote areas do not get a decent job, automatically this situation encourages high unemployment.

How our suggestions?

For origin country The question above is a reflection of society will contribute to the

development of quality people of this nation. Some suggestions for things to be considered is: 1. Improving living standards in the education sector and the economy. 2. Providing adequate employment opportunities. 3. Soft skill train people so that they have the skills to compete in the world of work. 4. Planning rules or special laws regulating the exploitation of immigrants and immigration laws more strictly. 5. Keep good control of the state apparatus and the commitment of all elements of society to the implementation of the rules.

For destination country In fact, many of the problems of migration occurred in the city or the

country of destination of migrants. From year to year the number of immigration cases in the goal area has increased significantly. Immigration case is the case is

the exploitation of immigrants (commercial sex workers, drug traffickers and victims of domestic violence when immigrants become assistant). Therefore, there are some things that need to be considered by the state or local immigration purposes, namely: 1. 2. The immigration laws of the role, rights and obligations of immigrants. Need for special supervision of the state apparatus on the implementation of the rules so there is no discrimination against immigrants. 3. 4. Provide jobs to immigrants. Providing educational facilities and skills for immigrants who do not have the education and softskill from areas of origin.

3.

Closing

From the discussion above, it can be concluded that: 1. 2. Migration is a process of moving to other regions or countries. Factors that influence the occurrence of a youth migration are education and job. 3. Improving the quality of education in remote areas is needed to suppress the number of migration in the region. Communities in remote areas became the main target of exploitation of immigrants in Indonesia. 4. The low of education and the economy in remote areas to encourage increased levels of migration in the goal area. 5. The process of migration can give the impacts for the society. Not only negative impacts but also the positive impacts. The negative impact of migration such as unemployement. The positive impact of migration such as the increasing of revenue as the migration destination. 6. To reduce the risk of migration such as the exploitation of immigrants then there are some things to consider, including the laws of immigration and the role of immigrants, the existence of good and firm control of the state apparatus on the implementation of migration in the region, providing jobs to the immigrants, the training specifically to improve soft skill immigrants, and improving living standards in the education sector.

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