Analyzing the Non-linear Effects at various Power Levels and Channel Counts on the Performance of DWDM based Optical

Fiber Communication System

Iftikhar Rasheed, Muhammad Abdullah, Shahid Mehmood, Mahwish Chaudhary
Department of Telecommunication Engineering The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur, Pakistan iftikhar.rasheed@iub.edu.pk, abdullah.sandhu@iub.edu.pk,shahiducet@gmail.com, mahwish_ch@hotmail.com
Abstract In order to expand the capacity of optical fiber communication system the most important phenomena is the emergence of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). Using DWDM, multiple channel of information can be transmitted on single fiber. There are some limiting factors related to data rate and capacity in DWDM optical fiber communication system. These limiting factors can be linear or non-linear. We can compensate the linear effect such as dispersion and attenuation by using pulse having right shape called soliton but the non-linear effect accumulate. The most important non-linear effect occur in the fiber optics communication system are Self phase modulation(SPM), stimulated brillouin scattering (SBS), Cross phase modulation (XPM), Four wave mixing ( FWM) and Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). These non linear effects are the most important limiting mechanism to the capacity of optical fiber communication system. Self phase modulation (SPM), Stimulated brillouin scattering (SBS) occurs only in single channel fiber optics communication system and Cross phase modulation (XPM), Four wave mixing (FWM), Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) have impact on multichannel DWDM fiber communication system. In this paper, we analyze the impact of cross phase modulation (XPM), Four wave mixing (FWM), stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) on DWDM communication system at different power level & different number of data channels. We also describe some novel technique to reduce the effect of these non linearities (XPM, FWM, SRS) in DWDM fiber communication system. For simulation we use OptiSystem software. Key word: DWDM, Cross phase modulation, Four wave mixing, Stimulated Raman scattering

Practically change in refractive index with optical power is small but this becomes effective when the length of fiber is hundreds of kilometer. The brief introduction of XPM, FWM & SRS is given below. A. Cross phase modulation(XPM) Cross-phase modulation (XPM) is an example of fiber nonlinear effects which can limit the distance and the capacity of DWDM optical fiber transmissions[2]. When a single optical pulse transmit through the optical fiber, then because of refractive index dependence on power, the leading edge of pulse cause increase in refractive index & its trailing edge cause decrease in refractive index.[3] Leading edge of pulse shift toward longer wavelength and trailing edge toward shorter wavelength. This phenomenon called self phase modulation, causes overall spreading of pulse. In case of multiple pulse travel in the fiber as in DWDM communication system, multiple pulses overlap to cause cross phase modulation. Distortion & pulse broadening is caused by cross phase modulation. B. Four wave mixing(FWM) Four wave mixing (WM) is the important factor having catastrophic effect on DWDM communication system. This non linear effect arises when two or more pulses transmit through same fiber. Generally FWM effect occur if the three light pulses, having different wavelength & traveling through single fiber, interact together to generate a new pulse. If the three wavelength A, B & C are propagating through single fiber, these wavelengths will interact according to equation (2) to generate new D D = A B C here
ABC

I.INTRODUCTION Non-linearitys in fiber arose as the number of data channel, transmission length, data rate & power level increase. Mainly non-linearity occurs in fiber because of dependence of refractive index on power going through fiber. This phenomena is shown by equation (1) n = no + n2 (P/Aeff) [1] (1) Here no is core refractive index, n2 is non linear refractive index coefficient, P is optical power in watt and Aeff is fiber cores effective area [1].

[4]

(2)

In general, the number of crossing product K, for M number of input channel is given by equation (3)

[5] (3) Equation (3) shows that non linear effect FWM increase as number of channel in DWDM system increase.

978-1-4673-4451-7/12/$31.00 2012 IEEE

Interchange crosstalk effect is caused in DWDM system by FWM non- linearity. FWM effect can be reduced by using unequal channel spacing & by dispersion management. C. Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is the ultimate performance limiting phenomenon in multichannel optical Transmission systems [6]. Among the WDM channels, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) causes a power transfer from shorter wavelength channels to longer wavelength channels [7] When intense beam of light of high power level, which is usually called pump, propagates in the optical fiber, then interaction between vibration of molecules of SiO2 and light cause stimulated Raman scattering. This effect primarily affects the power distribution of the input data channels and leads to channel to channel crosstalk [8]. II.SIMULATION OF CROSS PHASE MODULATION Our proposed algorithm (shown in figure 1) consists of WDM transmitter, WDM receiver, optical fiber & bit error rate analyzer to analyze the output result. In order to analyze the impact of XPM on optical fiber communication system at various power levels, we vary the input power & number of channel of WDM transmitter. The optical transmission link in our algorithm is such designed that the residual dispersion is almost 0 ps/nm/Km. Transmission link consist 100Km single mode fiber (SMF) with dispersion of 16 ps/nm/Km followed by 20Km long dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) with dispersion of -72ps/nm/km (shown in figure 1). One Optical amplifier (OA) with gain of 35dB & zero noise figure is used after DCF. NRZ nodulation type is used. Link is operating at 10Gbps. For the visualization of BER, Q factor & eye diagram, BER analyzer is used. Channels spacing is 100GHz. 1 2 3 1 2 3 Optical Receiver
Figure 2. Eye Diagram Output result for 11 input data channels, 3dBm input power & channel spacing 100GHz

If the number of channels increases to 18 and power to 5dBm then we get following eye diagram, bit error rate and max Quality Factor (Shown in figure 3)

Figure 3. Eye Diagram Output result for 18 input data channels & 5dBm input power , channel spacing 100GHz

Now for 26 number of channels & 11dBm power, the output eye diagram & bit error rate, Q factor etc are shown in figure 4.

SMF

DC

OA

n
WDM MUX Figure 1 WDM DEMUX

n BER Analyzer
Figure 4. Eye Diagram Output results for 26 input data channels , 11dBm input power, channel spacing 100GH

If transmitter consist 11 DWDM channels & 3dBm power then eye & bit error rate, Q factor etc at optical receiver are shown in figure 2.

By comparing the figure 2, figure 3 & figure 4, we can analyze that as the power & number of channel trnsmitting through fiber increase, the cross phase modulation effect also incrrease. Figure 2, 3 & 4 shows the the bit error rate (BER) of

fiber communication system increase by increasing transmitter power & number of data channels because of XPM. A. Cross phase modulation compensation In order to make DWDM fiber communication system effective for long distance communication, it is necesssary to reduce the non linear Cross phase modulation effect. The penalty arising from XPM can be effectively decreased by dispersion management technique & increasing channel spacing. For the circuit shown in figure 1, increase the channel spacing to 110GHz & reducing the length of DCF to 16 km to leave some residual dispersion (almost 450 ps/nm/Km) in fiber transmission link. The Eye diagram, BER & Q factor for 11 WDM channel & 3dBm power are shown below (Figure. 5)

Figure 6. Input spectrum for 8 data channels & -8dBm input WDM transmitter power

Figure 5. Eye Diagram Output result for 11 channels , 3dBm input power, channel spacing is 110GHz & residual dispersion is not zero

Figure 2 & Figure 5 shows the output results of two different fiber communication system having almost same transmission length, input data channels & input power but the residual dispersion & channel spacing for both are different. So by comparing figure 2 & figure 5, we get that BER of fiber system (whose output results are shown in figure 5) decrease & Quality factor increase, by reducing XPM effect. III.SIMULATION OF CROSS PHASE MODULATION For analyzing the effect of FWM on DWDM fiber communication system at different power level & number of input data channel the proposed algorithm is almost same as shown in figure 1. Transmission link consist 70Km SMF followed by 16Km DCF. After DCF an optical amplifier with 25 dB gain is used. Dispersion of SMF is 17 ps/nm/Km & DCF is -72ps/nm/Km. residual dispersion of link is almost zero. Channel spacing is 100GHz. NRZ modulation type is used. Input power and number of data channels are increases gradually. Optical spectrum analyzer is used to analyze the spectrum at input & output. Spectrum of input signal is measured after the WDM multiplexer, and after optical amplifier the output signal spectrum is measured by Optical spectrum analyzer. For 8 input channels & -8dBm input power, spectrum of input & output signal is shown below in Figure 6 & Figure 7 respectively.

Figure 7. output spectrum for 8 data channels & -8dBm input WDM transmitter power

Now if the number of channels increases to 16 & power to 2dBm, the output optical spectrum is shown in figure 8.

Figure 8. Output spectrum for 16 data channels & 2dBm input WDM transmitter power

For 30 data channels and 10 dBm input power, optical spectrum of output signal is shown in figure 9.

Uneven channel spacing at the input side can also be used to overcome the effect of FWM. IV.SIMULATION OF STIMULATED RAMAN SCATTERING System which we selected for analysis of SRS consists of CW lasers for input, ideal WDM multiplexer, optical fiber and optical spectrum analyzer to observe the output results. For SRS analysis in optical fiber communication system at various power levels, we vary the number of channels and power by keeping length of fiber unchanged. We design our system such that length of optical fiber which we selected is 0.2 km. Channel spacing is not constant; it varies from one channel to other. We keep the power of first input channel greater than all of other remaining input channels. If we have 11 DWDM input data channels and power of first channel is 50dbm and -99dbm of each of remaining 10 channels, then input signal spectrum after WDM Muxer and output signal spectrum after fiber are shown in figure 12 & figure13 respectively .

Figure 9. Output spectrum for 30 data channels & 10 dBm input WDM transmitter power

Following table (figure 10) gives the analysis that how FWM effect increase with increasing the input power & number of channel.

No of Obs

Input power in dBm

-8 dBm 2 dBm 10 dBm

1 2 3
Figure 10.

Input number of channel 8 16 30

Maximum FWM side band power -66 dBm -47 dBm -38 dBm

A. Four wave mixing compensation Rectangular optical filter can be very much effective to compensate the four wave mixing effect. For optical fiber communication system whose output is shown in figure 7, in that system, if we use Rectangular optical filter after optical amplifier. Bandwidth of Rectangular optical filter is set 800 GHz & central frequency is 193.35GHz. The output of this modified circuit is shown in figure 11.

Figure 12. Input signal spectrum for 11 channels

Figure 13. Ioutput signal spectrum for 11 input channels Figure 11. Output spectrum for 8 I/P data channels, -8dBm input WDM transmitter power & Rectangular optical filter is used at o/p

By comparing figure 7 & figure 11, we can conclude that FWM can be completely removed by Rectangular optical filter. Rectangular optical filter did not reduce the output power.

Now, we have 18 input channels, power of first channel is 54.7712 dbm and -99dbm of each remaining channels. Then figure 14 shows the SRS effects.

Figure 14. output signal spectrum for 18 channels

Comparing the output spectrum shown in figure 13 & figure 14, we conclude that SRS affect increase with increase in power & number of input channels. By increasing the effective area of fiber we can reduce SRS in fiber communication system. V.CONCLUSION This paper briefly presents the analysis of XPM, FWM and SRS effect in DWDM fiber optics communication system. The analysis is done on the basis of result obtained from simulation in OptiSystem. In this paper we show how the non linearitys i.e. XPM, FWM and SRS increase in optical fiber communication system by increasing the input power and number of input channels. Further, some effective techniques for compensating the XPM & FWM effects are discussed briefly in this paper. Currently the work is underway, on efficient compensation of SRS. REFERENCES
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