Tutorial 4 1.

Calculate the horizontal force required to make a block weighing 60 N slide up a ramp inclined at 20 to the ground given = 0.2 (Answer 36.4 N) 2. The pitch of a thread on a screw jack is 6.38 mm and the mean diameter is 30 mm. Calculate the torque needed to raise a load 500 N. (Answer 4.5 Nm) 3. A block weighing 600 N rests on an inclined plane at 12 to the horizontal. The coefficient of F = W tan ( - ). friction is 0.41. Show that the formula to slide the box down the plane is Calculate the horizontal force required to slide it DOWN the plane. (Answer 109 N)

R1= F sin 12 R2 = W cos 12 F1= F cos 12 F2 = W sin 12 R = (R2 - R1 ) = W cos 12 - F sin 12 F = F1 + F2 = F cos 12 + W sin 12 = F/R = (F cos 12 + W sin 12)/ (W cos 12 - F sin 12) = F/R = (F cos 12 + 600 sin 12)/ (600 cos 12 - F sin 12) 0.41 = (0.978F + 124.75)/( 586.8 - 0.2079F) 240.62 0.0852F = 0.978F + 124.75 115.87 = 1.063F F = 109.00 N F/W = tan ( - ) where is the friction angle (found from = tan ) and is the angle of the plane. In the worked example we would have used: = tan-1(0.41) = 22.29

F = W tan ( - a) = 600 tan( 22.29 - 12) = 108.93 N 4. A turnbuckle is used to adjust the tension in a wire to 600 N. Each end has a single start square thread with a mean diameter of 10 mm and pitch of 2 mm. The coefficient of friction is 0.2. (Answer 1.6 Nm)

= tan 1 (2 / 10 ) = 3.64
The friction angle is

The pitch 2mm and the circumference is 10 so angle of the plane is

= tan (0.2) = 11.31

1

F = W tan( + ) = 600 tan(14.95) = 160.21N T = F radius = 160.21 0.005 = 0.8010 Nm

5. A screw Jack must raise a load of 500 kg. The thread has a pitch of 10 mm and a diameter of 50 mm. The coefficient of friction is 0.15. The effort is applied through a lever of radius 400 mm. Calculate the efficiency and the effort required to both raise the load and lower it. (29.5% and 66 N raising and 74.4% and 26.2 N lowering)

= ta n (0.1 5) = 8.5 3
1

Pitch 2R (Lever)

(i)

= tan 1 (10 / 50 ) = 3.643

=

= tan 1 (0.15) = 8.53

= 29.5%

p 10 = = 0.295 D tan( + ) 50 tan(12.17) X L = 10mm

X E = 2 400 = 800mm FL = 4905 N

Work _ done = 4505 10 = 45050 Nmm 45050 45050 Work _ done _ by _ effort = = = 166271.19 Nmm = FE X E 0.295 FE =
(ii)

166271.19 = 66.16 N 800

= tan 1 (10 / 50 ) = 3.643

=

= tan 1 (0.15) = 8.53

= 74.46%

p 10 = = 0.7446 D tan( ) 50 tan(4.887) X L = 10mm

X E = 2 400 = 800mm FL = 4905 N

Work _ done = 4505 10 = 45050 Nmm 45050 45050 Work _ done _ by _ effort = = = 60502.28 Nmm = FE X E 0.7446 FE = 60502.28 = 24.07 N 800

6. Calculate the coefficient of friction that just produces a zero effort in the last problem (i.e. the jack will screw down under the load with no effort) (0.063) 7. A lead screw and saddle arrangement is used to lift a load of 200 kg. The square thread has a pitch of 8 mm and a diameter of 30 mm. The coefficient of friction is 0.2. Calculate the torque needed to rotate the screw on raising and lowering. (8.53 and 3.31 Nm) 8. Calculate the coefficient of friction that just produces a zero torque in the last problem (i.e. the load lowers on its own) (0.085)