Eco-Home: First Floor Plan

Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
A solar model demonstrating energy efficiency, renewable energy and green building
First Floor Plan
STORAGE
DECK
BEDROOM 1
BATH
MECHANICAL MUD ROOM HALL
BREEZEWAY
GARAGE
LIVING
DINING
KITCHEN
ENTRY
PORCH
Materials created by Wagner Zaun Architecture and Conservation Technologies under a grant from the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 2007
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Second Floor Plan
BEDROOM 2
BATH
HALL
DN
BEDROOM 3
STUDY
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
South Elevation
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
North Elevation
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
East Elevation
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
West Elevation
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Building Section
See Enlarged Section Detail Opposite Side
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Enlarged Section Detail
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
An Environmental Approach
A Demonstration Eco-Home: Why Now?
Energy: Fossil fuels are a non-renewable source of energy reserves are shrinking rapidly, yet demand is still rising. Most energy used has associated greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to global warming. Global Warming: Climate change is accelerating, greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions are still rising, and the U.S. produces the most greenhouse gas emissions. Market-Driven: Consumer awareness is rising and more potential homebuyers want energy-efcient and green features in a new home. We have the knowledge and availability right now to build to standards that would reduce energy consumption by at least 50%, without drastically changing building materials or methods.
How the Ecological Concepts Translate Into Building Design and Construction
Passive solar design Smaller than average house with a simpler footprint Increased insulation levels and thermal performance of the building envelope Active renewable energy systems: solar photovoltaic (PV) to generate electricity, solar thermal collection for domestic hot water and heating, and a wood stove for additional heating Installation of energy-efcient appliances and lighting Ventilation systems and materials specied to promote a healthy indoor environment for occupants Quantied consumption targets for low-energy building operation
Buildings, Energy, and the Environment
Setting Goals, Reaching Goals
Buildings use fossil fuels: oil, coal, natural gas Building construction and operation account for close to 50% of all U.S. energy use (www.architecture2030. org)
Energy Star has become a well-known entity. Current Energy Star Homes have the target of 15% more efcient than the 2004 International Residential Code (IRC) (www.energystar.gov) The Eco-Home is 65% more efcient than the 2004 IRC It is designed to use about a third of the energy of a conventional new home Energy modeling with REMDesign guided and veried the efciency targets Eco-Home operation: over 15,000 lbs of CO2 emissions can be avoided annually
Ecological Concepts Used to Dene the Overall Approach for the Eco-Home
Resource conservation Human health and comfort Reduced consumption of commercial electricity and natural gas Reduction of greenhouse gases and other emissions Increased use of the sun as a source of renewable, non-polluting energy
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Eco-Home Performance Comparison

Feature
Slab Insulation Slab Perimeter Insulation Walls Rim Attic Windows Thermal Performance Windows Solar Performance Envelope Air Tightness Heat Recovery Ventilation Efciency Peak Heating Load/sf Maximum Conditioned Space Annual Heating Energy Consumption Estimated Annual CO2 Emissions Related to Heating
MN Code Built
R-10 R-10 R-19 R-10 R-38 U-Value = 0.35 None required None required None required None required None required Estimated at 73.1 million Btus 8,772 lbs CO2
MN Energy Star
R-10 R-10 R-24 R-20 R-50 U-Value = 0.33 SHGC minimum 0.3 0.2 cfm/sf @ 50 Pa 76% None required 4000 square feet 51.2 million Btus 30% less than code 6,140 lbs CO2
Eco-Home Duluth
R-20 R-20 R-36 R-31 R-60 U-Value = 0.19 - 0.21 SHGC 0.4 0.6 0.09 cfm/sf @ 50 Pa 90% 9.5 Btu/sf 1800 square feet 25.4 million Btus 65% less than code 3,048 lbs CO2
This table compares the Eco-Home with two recognized guidelines for construction: the MN Energy Code and the MN Energy Star Homes program. LEED for Homes criteria were studied relative to the Eco-Home, but an analysis of features relative to LEED did not easily translate to the features selected in this comparison. However, an independent look at the LEED for Homes Criteria suggests that the Eco-Home would rank as a LEED Gold or LEED Platinum certication. It is rare that any set of building performance guidelines, green or otherwise, seeks to qualify and quantify either building energy consumption or associated greenhouse
gas emissions. One exception to this is the European Passivhaus standard. When dening a building as green, it is important to understand a few things relating to energy consumption, even if the selected green criteria do not require this: 1. What is the fuel source for heating and cooling? 2. What is the estimated fuel consumption for heating and cooling? 3. What is the estimated electrical energy consumption exclusive of heating and cooling? 4. What are the estimated CO2 emissions associated with the above information?
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Overview of Building Materials & Assemblies

Building Design Prole
1290 square feet rst oor, 750 square feet second oor (2040 ft2 total) 2-car garage with storage room, attached via breezeway Site orientation along true north-south for solar gain One bedroom and full bath on rst oor Two bedrooms, one study, and full bath on second oor
Blown cellulose attic insulation (R-60) Continuous soft and ridge venting Interior gypsum board ceiling w/continuous, sealed polyethylene vapor barrier
Renewable Energy Systems and HVAC
2 kW grid-tied solar photovoltaic array, roof mounted 16 tube solar thermal array, integrated with domestic hot water and heating Sub-soil heat exchange ground loop to pre-temper ventilation air Heat recovery mechanical ventilation with winter heated air distribution Efcient wood stove
Foundation Monolithic concrete slab with hydronic tubing and frost protected details 4 XPS (R-20) under the slab and vertically around perimeter 3 XPS (R-15) horizontal wing insulation
Environmentally Preferable Finishes and Materials Porcelain oor tile (long lasting, low toxicity, low impact material extraction) Floating cork oor (natural material harvested without killing the tree) Formaldehyde free MDF cabinet interiors (recycled wood ber, non-toxic) Shetka Stone countertops (recycled, regionally produced product) FSC-certied wood oor (sustainably harvested renewable resource) Low or no-VOC interior paints (low toxicity, no off-gassing) Cellulose insulation (high post-consumer recycled content) Metal roof (recycled content, recyclable) Fiber cement siding (exceptional durability) Reclaimed lumber at porch and interior columns
Exterior Framed Walls 9 1/2 deep double stud walls (2x4 framing) Dense pack cellulose insulation (R-35) Structural berboard exterior sheathing (R-1) Cement ber lap siding over continuous air barrier Interior gypsum board over continuous, sealed polyethylene vapor barrier Insulated rim board (R-13) w/3 closed cell foam insulation (R-18) total R-31 Triple pane windows with insulated berglass frames (avg overall U-value 0.2)
Roof
Standing seam metal roof and ashings, prenished 30# roof felt and ice and water shield over OSB sheathing Engineered trusses with 16 heel height
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Frequently Asked Questions

Why Build an Eco Demonstration Home? What makes this house an Eco-Home? How much less energy does a building like this use? How much more does a building like this cost? Why is it important to reduce energy consumption and resource use in buildings? Can I buy this house or get plans to build one like it? systems. The upper roof, with a 10:12 pitch, was designed for ease of direct mount solar technologies that maximized winter solar collection in this region. 3. Passive solar design strategies include open living spaces to the south and utilities to the north. Window and roof overhangs are carefully planned for winter solar gain but summer shade, with a minimum of potential glare and excess heat from the west or east. 4. Maybe most important, the building envelope itself was carefully designed and detailed for maximum thermal performance and durability. The building form, passive solar strategies, and super-insulated envelope create a structure that needs very little added heat to keep warm. The superior thermal envelope and windows work in reverse in summer, helping to keep unwanted heat out. Because the building itself is so efcient, the heating, plumbing and ventilation systems are small and efcient. 5. Finally, materials were selected, inside and out, with preference for highest durability and lowest environmental impact, including associated impacts to human health. Examples are the cellulose insulation used in walls and roof, the long lasting metal roof and ber cement siding, and interior nishes that dont compromise indoor air quality. How much less energy does a building like this use? The result is a building that uses about a third of the energy that a conventionally built home of the same size would use. How much more does a building like this cost? The building initially cost about 15-20% more than a house built with more conventional means. The operating costs of the building (meaning monthly heating and electric bills) will be a third or less than such costs for a conventional house. There will be no cooling costs since the house is designed for comfort without air conditioning.
Why build an Eco Demonstration home? There were two main goals: rst, to build a market rate home in an existing development that t into the neighborhood but also featured passive solar design, exemplary energy efciency, renewable energy systems, and sustainable (or green) principles and materials. The second goal was to demonstrate to the public that green isnt weird and that environmental building methods are by denition good building practice, especially in todays world where cheap fuel is diminishing and global warming is a concern we can no longer afford to ignore. What makes this house an Eco-Home? An integrated ecological design approach helped accomplish the stated goals. The solutions were for the most part complementary. Briey, heres what was done: 1. The design has a familiar cottage style and a relatively compact building footprint with exible spaces. The main oor space plan and window layout give the interior an open, airy feel, with extensive views to the outside and also between living spaces. A bedroom and bath on the main level increase overall accessibility and allow the upstairs to remain unheated if only one or two people live in the house. 2. The building is oriented to maximize passive solar gain and also south roof exposure for the roof-mounted solar
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Frequently Asked Questions ( Cont. )

Why is it important to reduce energy consumption and resource use in buildings? Building construction and operation currently account for close to 50% of all U.S. energy consumption and most of that energy consumption uses fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are a nite resource natural gas, coal and oil are being depleted at a pace that doesnt match current trends in consumption. In addition, most energy consumption of fossil fuels contributes to global warming, and damages the environment and human health in other ways, with the release of mercury, sulfur, particulates, and other harmful chemicals. Most building practices of the past 50 years are not sustainable. We have the knowledge and technologies to change standard building practice right now to make all buildings Eco-buildings. Can I buy this house or get plans to build one like it? Yes, you can buy this house. The demonstration house will be for sale, through the builder/developer Women in Construction Company (WiCC). In addition, WiCC offers a wide array of energy efcient homes that can be purchased directly from the company, or they can work with you to build from a design of your choice. (www.womenworking. org) The exact plans for the Eco-Home demonstration project are not for sale. The building design and specications are a response to the specic site and the climate, and might need to be altered to ensure the same performance in another climate or another building site in the same climate. The project architect, Wagner Zaun Architecture (www.wagnerzaun.com), offers a range of services that can include the modication or adaptation of the Eco-Home design to your building site and climate.
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Calculated and Planned Energy Performance

The Eco Homes energy efciency and operating performance wasnt left to chance. Instead of choosing wall systems, windows, insulation types and other items based on currently popular products and marketing promotions, these systems, components and air tightness goals were all chosen as part of a planned and modeled approach to select, predict and quantify the end results. The process was part of a larger effort that started by trying to identify and quantify several things:
What problems needed to be solved What level of performance would be required to address those needs What other concerns came into play What products, systems and techniques were available to satisfy the items above and how much of them were needed.
Ceilings / roof Rim / band joists Above grade walls Foundation walls Doors Windows / skylights Slab oors Inltration Mechanical ventilation Internal gains (negative number) Total peak load / annual consumption
The environmental impact and ongoing costs related to buildings in our climate are dominated by energy consumption. This includes the energy and other resources embodied in the materials and site work needed to construct the building, as well as the operating energy consumed during its useful life. While we kept an eye on the embodied energy piece we carefully modeled and quantied the operating energy loads using a computer based energy modeling program. All surface areas of the exterior building envelope, the layer that separates conditioned space from the outdoors, were calculated and entered into the program along with the corresponding R-values and U-values of the assemblies of materials used. This modeling process produces a number of results. Most used in this case were the reports that calculated peak heating load of the home as well as the predicted annual heating energy consumption. Each of these results was given as a total as well as broken down by major building envelope area. These areas and components included:
The results of the peak load modeling help us to predict the amount of heat needed in the home and in individual areas. By breaking the load down to various components we are able to enhance the design process by focusing our efforts to increase performance levels to those areas that represent the largest heat loss and most room for improvement. In most new homes air leakage, heat loss through exterior walls and window losses represent the largest loads and so the most room for improvement. Once the computer model is developed it is fairly easy to try changing various insulation and other performance levels to see what impact that has on the results. This is a very powerful tool to help us make decisions about various choices in walls systems, insulation, windows and other components. The annual consumption results help us to quantify operating costs, environmental emissions from heating energy consumption and payback on various measures. As we change systems in the model we can immediately see the impact on annual energy consumption, environmental impact, operating costs and payback of various approaches.
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Calculated and Planned Energy Performance ( Cont. )

The modeling and quantication process on this project resulted in the following performance levels:
Feature Foundation Walls Rim Attic Windows Air inltration HRV efciency Peak heating load Code Built R-10 R-19 R-19 R-38 U=0.35 0.6 cfm/sf 70% 36,600 Btu/hr Eco-Home R-20 R-36 R-31 R-60 U=0.18-0.21 0.12 cfm/sf 90% 17,200 Btu/hr
Goal 1 - Energy Efciency Dened at the Eco-Home

Code house needs 73.1 MMBtu annually, or 18 Btu/hr/square foot
At $1.30/Therm= $950/year
Eco-Home needs 25.4 MMBtu annually, or 8 Btu/hr/square foot
At $1.30/Therm = $330.00/year About 1/3 the cost of the code house
We will be carefully monitoring the actual performance of the nished home to compare those real world results with our modeled performance predictions.
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Schematic Diagram : Solar Electric System

Photovoltaic Array
AC Breaker Panel Power to House Bi-Directional Meter
DC Current
DC Disconnect
Inverter
AC Current
Excess Power Flows to Grid
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Renewable Energy Systems

Besides being very efcient in its use of energy and harvesting the suns energy directly through the windows, the Eco Home is equipped with three active renewable energy systems. A solar electric system turns sunlight directly into electricity which helps meet the homes electrical load. A solar hot water system heats water for showers, sinks and other uses. A wood stove in the living room allows for the use of our regions only source of stored renewable energy in the form of rewood as a fuel. Together these systems help reduce the need for imported fossil fuel energy and its environmental impacts. Solar Electricity or Photovoltaics The Eco Home has a 2-kilowatt solar electric system on the roof. The roof of the house was designed and built at a pitch that works well in our climate with solar technologies. In areas that dont get as much snow as we do here it is common to install solar panels ush on any roof. In snow country we cannot do that on a low pitch roof without losing several months of production when the panels are covered with snow. This system is grid tied with no on-site storage. The solar panels generate high voltage direct current electricity when the sun is shining and feed it into a device called an inverter in the mechanical room. The inverter changes it into 240-volt alternating current just like what the utility provides. It is fed into a breaker in the breaker panel and helps power the homes electrical loads. When the home is consuming more than the system is producing the rest is purchased as usual. If the system is producing more than is being consumed the extra is fed into the utility grid and the electrical meter records a credit. The system requires no maintenance. It simply turns on when the sun is shining and shut off at night. This system will produce, on average, over 3,100 kilowatt-hours of electricity a year which will keep over 5,600 pounds of CO2 out of the environment, by replacing some coal burning at a local power plant. Solar Hot Water System The second active renewable energy system in the home is a solar water heating system. Unlike photovoltaics, which convert sunlight into electricity without involving heat, the solar hot water system converts the suns rays directly into thermal energy to heat water. The energy is used to heat water in an 80 gallon tank, stored for use when needed. A collector on the roof, which holds sixteen evacuated tubes, will produce about 80% of the hot water used by 2-3 people. Evacuated tube collectors have a few advantages over the more common at plate collector. They are able to perform a bit better in very cold weather, are easier to handle and install, and individual tubes can be replaced if ever needed without draining the system or removing the collector from the roof. A heat transfer uid, consisting of water and antifreeze, moves the collected energy from the collector down to a double walled heat exchanger suspended in the bottom of the water storage tank. An electronic controller turns on a small pump when the collector temperature rises above the tank temperature by a few degrees and shuts it off when it cools down after the sun sets.
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Schematic Diagram : Solar Hot Water System

Hot Water to House Vent Stack Air Intake Cold Water in from Source
Evacuated Tube Solar Collector

Temperature Sensor 1
M C H Anti-Scald Mixing Valve
Tankless Instantaneous Gas Water Heater
Heat Zones - Supply Heat Exchanger
Solar Storage Tank w/ Heat Exchanger
Pump Station Temperature Sensor 2
Pressure Relief Valve
Expansion Tank (Small)
Heat Zones - Return
Pump
Note: Some components not shown to reduce clutter and simplify this diagram.
Control
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Solar and Hybrid Mechanical Systems

The high-performance envelope design and detailing (including extensive energy calculation and analysis) resulted in a home with extremely low heating requirements. The estimated annual heating consumption of 25.4 million Btus is about a third of the energy that would be used in a house built to standard MN energy code. Typical residential heating systems are built to a peak design heating load of about 25-30 Btu/sf; the Eco-Home has a design heating load of 8 Btu/sf. This very low heating requirement led to an innovative heating system design responding to the conservation goals of the home. The Eco-Home has a hybrid mechanical design, where an integrated system provides both heat and domestic hot water. It is a combination of very current technologies, high energy efciencies, and renewable energy. It is a reliable whole house system; unusual in that it operates without a conventional boiler or furnace, but it uses technologies and operations that are easily understood. The Domestic Hot Water / Heating Plant A roof-mounted solar thermal array heats water in an 80-gallon storage tank by circulating a heat transfer uid through a double walled heat exchanger in the bottom of the tank. As hot water is drawn from a faucet or shower the water temperature is boosted as needed by a natural gas on-demand water heater. The on-demand water heater thermostat is set to approx. 120 degrees F. When there is a need for hot water the water leaves the storage tank and runs through the on-demand heater. If the water is not as hot as the set temperature, the heater res to boost the outgoing water to the required temperature. If the water in the tank is hot enough, the water heater shuts down and the water ows on through the distribution system. If the water in the tank is hotter than desired an anti-scald valve mixes in cold water to maintain a safe and comfortable temperature. The Heat Distribution System There are two heating zones in the home, each with a different distribution system. When heat is needed in one of the zones, a pump circulates water through the on demand heater and a double walled at plate heat exchanger that transfers energy to the distribution system.
Zone 1 - In-oor hydronic radiant heat runs throughout the rst oor slab, and also in the second oor bathroom. Zone 2 - Warm air is heated with a water-to-air heat exchanger and circulated to the second oor bedrooms and study through the heat recovery ventilation system.
Local Renewable Stored Energy A small wood stove in the living room provides additional space heating for the open areas of the rst oor. The addition of space heat on the rst oor provides a quick heat option when occupants want a faster response time than radiant oor heat typically provides. The wood stove alone is capable of heating the entire house.
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Schematic Diagram : Mechanical Ventilation Air Tempering
Fresh Air To Living Area
Living Area Floor Heat Loop
Hydronic Duct Coils
Fresh Air From Outside
Air to Air Heat Exchanger
Heat Zones - Supply

(From Solar Hot Water System)
Heat Zones - Return Slab Floor Heat Loop

(To Solar Hot Water System)
Ground Loop
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Heat Recovery Ventilation

The Eco-Home is equipped with a high performance heat recovery ventilator. With higher than average heat recovery performance, and tted with properly sized and distributed ducting, this system provides efcient and effective whole house ventilation. Beyond just ventilation, this system also incorporates experimental ground loop outside air tempering as well as a fresh air heating system that delivers heat to the upstairs bedrooms. Basic Design Plus Innovations The basic ventilation design removes stale air from the bathrooms and kitchen while delivering fresh outside air to bedrooms and living areas. This portion of the design represents a high performance fully ducted whole house system with close to 90% transfer of heat energy from the exhaust air to the fresh air in the winter. High speed override controls in the kitchen and baths eliminate the need for bath fans which, having no heat recovery, represent a signicant energy loss by exhausting heated air directly to the outdoors. Thanks to the high performance design of the home the heating loads are very small. This smaller demand opens the door to innovative approaches in heating and ventilation. The Eco-Homes ventilation system has a couple of added features. The fresh air drawn into the house by the ventilation system passes through a washable lter and a nned coil before it enters the heat recover ventilator. The coil is connected to 250 feet of polyethylene pipe that is buried in the sand ll beneath 4 of foam insulation under the homes slab. This closed loop system is lled and pressurized with a water and antifreeze solution. A small pump circulates this heat transfer uid through the loop and duct coil whenever the ventilator is running. The design is intended to provide a measure of tempering of the fresh air coming in from outside. This should help warm the air in the winter and provide a bit of cooling and dehumidication in the summer months. This ground tempering system is experimental and we hope to learn what potential there is in this approach by monitoring its performance and behavior during the years the home is open as a demonstration project. The hybrid heating system provides heat to the radiant oor zones and also heats the ventilation air that is delivered to the upstairs. Different from a forced air system in that it usually uses all outside air, this low ow system will be no noisier than a normal ventilation system. To avoid over drying the house during very cold weather the system can switch to re-circulation mode for periods of time if needed. When heat is needed in the upstairs bedrooms a small circulator moves hot water through a second duct coil in the duct that delivers fresh air upstairs. Controlled by a thermostat this system will automatically deliver heated fresh air to the upper level.
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Schematic Diagram : Passive (Active Ready) Radon Mitigation System
Future Radon Fan (If needed)
Wiring has been installed to the attic location for a fan if radon levels rise in the home in the future.
Radon Gas
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Radon Mitigation Systems

About Radon Gas Radon is a colorless and odorless radioactive gas that occurs naturally. It is the only gas in a radioactive decay chain that originates with uranium and radium bearing rock and soil. As a gas it passes through the soil on its way to the atmosphere. It is present in outside air in relatively low concentrations. The amount escaping from the ground varies with the type of minerals present in or under a given location. It becomes a problem if it enters a building through pores and cracks in the basement or slab where it is in contact with the earth and builds up to higher concentrations. It is believed that radon exposure is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking so it is important to do what we can to limit exposure. It is almost impossible to predict whether a given building or site will have dangerously high radon levels so we need to assume that it may be a problem and take measures to control it in our building projects. How To Solve The Problem Radon is drawn from the soil into a building by natural or mechanically induced pressure differences between the soil and the buildings interior. We can relieve much of that pressure difference by installing perforated pipes under a building and venting them through a sealed pipe up and out the roof. Often a passive system without a fan is sufcient to control indoor radon levels. Since we cannot predict how much radon is present we need to be prepared for more active measures. Providing a place to install a fan in a radon vent pipe and an electrical circuit to power it is a simple way to be prepared to create an active radon mitigation system. The fan must be in the attic or similar location after the piping passes through the house so that the pipe that passes through the house is always under a negative pressure. That way any leakage that might occur in the system will suck house air in rather than leak radon gas into the building. The pipe termination must be up high and away from windows or other entry pathways so that concentrated radon gas is not drawn back inside the building.
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Schematic Diagram : Passive Solar Design
e ngl nA r Su e 21) me n Sum 5 - Ju .

During summer months the eaves shade the sun from the windows in the home, resulting in minimal heat gain.
(66
Win ter Sun (19. Ang 5 le Dec 21)
During winter months the sun is allowed to shine into living areas, resulting in maximum heat gain.
Eco-Home
at Hawk Ridge
Passive Solar Design & the Building Envelope

A Few General Rules for Passive Solar Design in a Cold Northern Climate A High Performance Building Envelope Ensures Successful Passive Solar Design
Orient the building and interior space plan for daylight and direct solar gain with major glazed areas within 30 degrees of south Design a compact building form without too many corners Use the solar altitudes (based on latitude) at the summer and winter solstices to size windows and overhangs that allow direct heat gain in winter and block direct solar gain in summer (www.mnpower.com/energyhome/docs/solar.pdf) Determine the optimal sizing, layout, and type of windows and shading devices to allow solar gain but also offer protection from overheating Select glazing that allows solar heat gain (with a high solar heat gain coefcient) but also maintains thermal performance (with a low U-value)
Detailed energy analysis helped guide the choices that maximize winter solar gain without compromising the overall thermal performance of the building The three largest contributors to heat loss in the building envelope are the exterior walls, the envelope air tightness, and the windows, so extra attention was paid to the design and selections in these areas 9 1/2 thick double stud exterior walls reduce thermal bridging, with dense pack cellulose insulation (R-36) Roof trusses have a 16 heel; attic insulation level of R-60 (16 blown cellulose) Frost protected slab on grade foundation with 4 XPS (R-20) underslab insulation Rim insulation R-31, using Emercore insulated rim board (R-13) and 3 of 2-part urethane foam insulation (R-18) sprayed to the interior of the rim Careful air sealing at all seams and building penetrations and continuously sealed interior vapor barrier and air barrier maintain envelope air tightness.
Passive Solar Design of the Eco-Home
The building form and orientation on the site allow about 6 hours per day of unobstructed solar gain in winter months Open living, dining, and kitchen spaces face south, so that maximum solar gain and comfort occurs in the most frequently occupied areas Insulated slab-on-grade design allows the rst oor slab to store solar gain in daytime and release it back into the house at night The majority of windows (58%) face south and all south-facing windows have roof overhangs sized to allow winter sun in and keep summer sun out The ratio of south glazing to oor area is 12%, which helps avoid overheating
A Window Strategy That Lets the Winter Sun In and Retains the Heat Gained
All windows have insulated berglass frames, triple pane glazing with argon ll, and warm edge spacers (Cardinal XL Edge) www.duxtonwindows.com Choices in solar-selective low-e coatings allowed specication of south glazing with a higher SHGC that still retained good overall thermal performance South windows have a glazing solar heat gain coefcient (SHGC) of 0.63 and a typical overall U-value of 0.21 (one low-e coating - Cardinal 178) North, west, and east windows have a glazing SHGC of 0.41and a typical overall U-value of 0.19 (two low-e coatings - Cardinal 272)

Eco-Home: First Floor Plan

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Eco-Home: First Floor Plan

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Eco-Home

First Floor Plan

MECHANICAL MUD ROOM HALL

Second Floor Plan

See Enlarged Section Detail Opposite Side

Enlarged Section Detail

Buildings, Energy, and the Environment

Setting Goals, Reaching Goals

Eco-Home Performance Comparison

Overview of Building Materials & Assemblies

Renewable Energy Systems and HVAC

Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions ( Cont. )

Calculated and Planned Energy Performance

Calculated and Planned Energy Performance ( Cont. )

Goal 1 - Energy Efciency Dened at the Eco-Home

Eco-Home needs 25.4 MMBtu annually, or 8 Btu/hr/square foot

At $1.30/Therm = $330.00/year About 1/3 the cost of the code house

Schematic Diagram : Solar Electric System

Excess Power Flows to Grid

Renewable Energy Systems

Schematic Diagram : Solar Hot Water System

Evacuated Tube Solar Collector

M C H Anti-Scald Mixing Valve

Tankless Instantaneous Gas Water Heater

Heat Zones - Supply Heat Exchanger

Solar Storage Tank w/ Heat Exchanger

Pump Station Temperature Sensor 2

Pressure Relief Valve

Expansion Tank (Small)

Heat Zones - Return

Solar and Hybrid Mechanical Systems

Schematic Diagram : Mechanical Ventilation Air Tempering

Fresh Air To Living Area

Living Area Floor Heat Loop

Hydronic Duct Coils

Fresh Air From Outside

Air to Air Heat Exchanger

Heat Zones - Supply

Heat Zones - Return Slab Floor Heat Loop

Heat Recovery Ventilation

Schematic Diagram : Passive (Active Ready) Radon Mitigation System

Future Radon Fan (If needed)

Radon Mitigation Systems

Schematic Diagram : Passive Solar Design

e ngl nA r Su e 21) me n Sum 5 - Ju .

Win ter Sun (19. Ang 5 le Dec 21)

Passive Solar Design & the Building Envelope

Passive Solar Design of the Eco-Home

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