FLUID MECHANICS FLOW OF FLUIDS From: Harker J. H.

, et al, Coulson & Richardsons CHEMICAL ENGINEERING: Solutions to the Problems in Chemical Engineering; Volume 1, 2001 1. Calculate the hydraulic mean diameter of the annular space between a 40 mm and a 50 mm tube. Answer: 10 mm 2. 0.015 m /s of acetic acid is pumped through a 75 mm diameter horizontal pipe 70 m long. What is 2 3 the pressure drop in the pipe? Viscosity of acid = 2.5 mNs/m , density of acid D 1060 kg/m , and -5 2 2 roughness of pipe surface = 6 x 10 m. Answer: 114,367 N/m or: 114.4 kN/m 3. A cylindrical tank, 5 m in diameter, discharges through a mild steel pipe 90 m long and 230 mm diameter connected to the base of the tank. Find the time taken for the water level in the tank to 2 drop from 3 m to 1 m above the bottom. The viscosity of water is 1 mNs/m . Answer: approximately 400 s 4. Find the drop in pressure due to friction in a glazed porcelain pipe 300 m long and 150 mm 3 2 diameter when water is flowing at the rate of 0.05 m /s. Answer: 108,900 N/m 5. Two tanks, the bottoms of which are at the same level, are connected with one another by a horizontal pipe 75 mm diameter and 300 m long. The pipe is bell-mouthed at each end so that losses on entry and exit are negligible. One tank is 7 m diameter and contains water to a depth of 7 m. The other tank is 5 m diameter and contains water to a depth of 3 m. If the tanks are connected to each other by means of the pipe, how long will it take before the water level in the larger tank has fallen to 6 m? Assume the pipe to be of aged mild steel. Answer: 10590 s
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6. A petroleum product of viscosity 0.5 m Ns/m and density 700 kg/m is pumped through a pipe of 0.15 m diameter to storage tanks situated 100 m away. The pressure drop along the pipe is 70 2 kN/m . The pipeline has to be repaired and it is necessary to pump the liquid by an alternative route consisting of 70 m of 200 mm pipe followed by 50 m of 100 mm pipe. If the existing pump is 2 capable of developing a pressure of 300 kN/m , will it be suitable for use during the period required for the repairs? Take the roughness of the pipe surface as 0.05 mm. Answer: 255.6 kN/m ; In addition, there will be a small pressure drop at the junction of the two pipes although this has been neglected in this solution. Thus the existing pump is satisfactory for this duty. 7. Calculate the pressure drop when 3 kg/s of sulphuric acid flows through 60 m of 25 mm pipe 3 2 2 (density = 1840 kg/m , viscosity= 0.025 N s/m ). Answer 895,620 N/m
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MOMENTUM TRANSFER AGITATION OF LIQUIDS From: Harker J. H., et al, Coulson & Richardsons CHEMICAL ENGINEERING: Solutions to the Problems in Chemical Engineering; Volume 1, 2001

1. A three-bladed propeller is used to mix a fluid in the laminar region. The stirrer is 0.3 m in diameter and is rotated at 1.5 Hz. Due to corrosion, the propeller has to be replaced by a flat two bladed paddle, 0.75 m in diameter. If the same motor is used, at what speed should the paddle rotate? Answer: 24 rpm\ 2. Compare the capital and operating costs of a three-bladed propeller with those of a constant speed six-bladed turbine, both constructed from mild steel. The impeller diameters are 0.3 and 0.45 m respectively and both stirrers are driven by a 1 kW motor. What is the recommended speed of rotation in each case? Assume operation for 8000 hr/year, power costs of 0.01/kWh and interest and depreciation at 15%/year. Answer for propeller: 224/year and 810 rpm; for impeller: 554/year and 152 rpm 3. For producing an oil-water emulsion, two portable three-bladed propeller mixers are available; a 0.5 m diameter impeller rotating at 1 Hz and a 0.35 m impeller rotating at 2 Hz. Assuming turbulent conditions prevail, which unit will have the lower power consumption? Answer: the 0.5 m diameter impeller will have the lower power consumption; some 75% of that of the 0.35 m diameter impeller. 4. Tests on a small scale tank 0.3 m diameter (Rushton impeller, diameter 0.1 m) have shown that a blending process between two miscible liquids (aqueous solutions, properties 2 3 approximately the same as water, i.e. viscosity 1 mN s/m , density 1000 kg/m ) is satisfactorily completed after 1 minute using an impeller speed of 250 rev/min. It is decided to scale up the process to a tank of 2.5 m diameter using the criterion of constant tip-speed. (a) What speed should be chosen for the larger impeller? (b) What power will be required? (c) What will be the blend time in the large tank? Answer: (a) 0.346 Hz or 20.8 rev/min (b) 9.8 W (c) 1.15 min 5. An agitated tank with a standard Rushton impeller is required to disperse gas in a solution of properties similar to those of water. The tank will be 3 m diameter (1 m diameter impeller). A 3 power level of 0.8 kW/m is chosen. Assuming fully turbulent conditions and that the presence of the gas does not significantly affect the relation between the Power and Reynolds numbers. (a) What power will be required by the impeller? (b) At what speed should the impeller be driven? (c) If a small pilot scale tank 0.3 m diameter is to be constructed to test the process, at what speed should the impeller be driven? Answer: 17.0 kW (b) 2.90 Hz or 173 rev/ min (c) 13.5 Hz or 807 rev/ min .