Title

Effects of Porosity and Slag Former Amount on Rate of Heating-up Reduction of Self-fluxed Pellet

Author(s)

Vahdati khaki, Jalil; Kashiwaya, Yoshiaki; Ishii, Kuniyoshi

Citation

= Bulletin of the Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, 162: 273-281

Issue Date

1993-01-29

Doc URL

http://hdl.handle.net/2115/42331

Right

Type

bulletin (article)

Additional Information

Instructions for use

Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP

 1624

BulletinoftheFactiltyofEngineering
IlokkaidoUniversityNo621992

EffectsofPorosityaRdSlagFormerAmountonRateof
HeatingupReductionofSelffluxedPellet JalilVAHDATIlgIAKIYoshiakiKAsHlwAyA
andKuniyoshHSHII
ReceivedSeptember81992

Abstract
Sixkindsofselffluxedpelletswereusedinheatingunupreductionexperimentsltwas
fodthatthereducibilityofpelletincreasedwlththeincreaseofporosityincreaseofCaO

SiO2anddecreaseofslagformeramountStartingtemperatureofslagflowingout
decreasedwithincreaseofslagformeramountandsinteringtemperatureandincreasedwith
theincreaseofporosityIftheoriginalcharacteristicsofpelletsporositysinteringtemper

atureandslagfonnerainountareknownthenstartingtemperatureofsiagflowingunotttcan

becalculatedundercertainexperimentalconditionsltwasalsofoundthattheshrinkage
wascontrolledbythereductionrateathightemperatureover00eOC

irodLucio

Inregardwithblastfurnaceoperationthereducibilityofironoreisanimportant

parameterwhichinfluencesitsefficiencyandoperatingprocessesOntheotherhandthe
reductionofironoreisaffectedbyalotoffactorsrelatedtoitschemicalcomposition physicalpropertiesandmicrostructuralaspects

Manyinvestigationshaverecentlybeenmadetorevealthefactorsinfluencingthe
reductionofironoreSomeofthesefactorsrelatedtochemicalcompositioRofironore
whichincludedSiO2contentirm5CaOcontent36lVlgOcontent3ffA1203content278and

potassiumcontent392Effectsofsulphurcontentinthereducinggasi3m4andparticlesize ofironorei5havealsobeenstudied

Inthisstudyheatingupreductionunderloadexperimentswerecarriedouttisingsix
kindsofselffluxedpelletsandCON2mixtureasreducinggasTheeffectsofporosity sinteringtemperatureslagformeramountsumofweightpercentofCaOSiO2A1203and
MgOandbasicityCaOSiO2onreducibilityofpelletanditsbehaviourinhightemperature

regionwerestudied
2Methodanaeitias

AscheineofexperimentalapparatususedinthisstudyisshowninFig1Thefurnace usedwasaverticaloneequippedwithsixSiCheatingeeinentsandanaluminareactiontube

274

alilVAHIATIKHAKIYoshiaklKASIHWAYAandKuniyoshiISHI

lnfraredGaslySr
ialGauge

Pressure Traser

TC

seR

CoPuter

t13ssFiesCentrellei

Fig1Aschemeofexperimentalapparatus

42mm1Dand100emmLandcontrolledbyaSCRpowerregulatorTakingXmray picturesandalsorecordingofvideotapeofsamplesweremadeinthecourseofreduction

experimentusingXraysystemThereducinggaswaspreparedbymixingeachcomponent
gaswhoseflowratewaspreciselycontrolledbythethermalmassflowcontrollerv3FC

COandCO2contentsoftheoutletgaswereanalysedusingtherespectiveinfraredgas
analysersThetotalflowrateofoutletgaswasmeasuredbyawetgasvolumeterA
constantloadof1kgfcm2whichadjustedbysteelballswasappliedonthesamplesinall

experimentsTheexpansionandshrinkageofthesampleswasdetectedbyanelectricaldial
gaugeasthedisplacementofasilicarodsettingtothetopofsamplebedThepressuredrop

betweentheinletandoutletgaswasalsocontinuouslymeasuredusingapressuretransducer

Alldatafromthermocouplesdialgaugetediiatomter
T

pressuretransducerwetgasvolumeter

itulllziHl

andinfraredgasanalysersweresampled
byamicrocomputer
Fig2showsaschemeofgraphitecru

St

lunslorfoiiid

sgdCoke

cibleinwhichsixpelletsofalmostsame
size11215mmindiameterwereplaced

ge

S3mpie

Sideplate AAe

r
11

Coke Crucible
Graphite
OD36mm
D23

onthetopofcokelayerssupportedbytwo graphitesideplatesAcokeplate2010 mmwastrimmedoffandplacedonthetop

HGmm
oider

ofpelletcolumnforuniformloading
Thusthepelletsweresurroundedbycar

Themocouple

bonaceousmaterialsTheuniformflow
ofreducinggaswasalsomadepossible
Fig2Graphitecrucibleassembly

EffectsofPorosityandSlagFormerAmountonRateof
HeatingupReductionofSelffluxedPellet

275

through72holesofe8mmindiameteratthebottomofthegraphitecrucible

Inallheatingmtipreductionexperimentsunderloadthesampleswereheatedina
nitrogenatmosphereupto20eeCfromwhichthenitrogenwaschangedtoreducinggasofa givenflowrateandcompositioRHeatingupwasstartedwiththerateof10eCminand
continueduptomeltingmdownofthepelletsTotalflowrateofreactiongaswas200ecrr3
miRSTPandthecompositionwas30volOeCOand70volOoN2table1

Table1Experimentalconditions

Cascomposition
Gasflowrate

30volOCO70voloN2

2eOONccmin
loeCmin
11gfcm2

Heatingrate

Load
Temperaturerange

200OCmeltingrrdown

TherateofreductionRDRwascalculatedfromthemassbalanceofoxygenoftheinlet
andoutletgasaccordingtoEq1

RDRminiCO2COCO2CO2i160e22414O1
WhereOistheamountofreducibleoxygenginsixpelletsCOandCO2represent

themassflowrateofrespectivegaswhichwereanalysedbyinfraredgasanalysersThe

reductiondegreeTRDateachtimewasalsocalculatedbysummationofRDRfromthe
beginningofreductionexpressedasEq2

TRD2RDRAt2
TheoresusedinthisstudyweresixkindsofselffluxedpelletsThechemicalcomposi

tionandphysicalpropertiesofpelletsaregivenintable2lnordertohavespecified
porositieseachtypeofpelletswassinteredatadifferenttemperatureThesamplesBa

BbandBrmchadthesamechemicalcompositionsandslagfomaeramountsanddifferent
porositiesThepelletsABbandDwereatthealmostsameporositiesandbasicitiesbut

differentslagformeramountsTheporosityandtheslagformeramounteftypesCandD
werealmostequalandbasicitywasdifferent

Table2Chemicalcompositionandphysicalpropertiesofselfrmfluxedpellets

Sample
TFe

Chemicalcompositionw

Sagfomer

CaOSio
@

Sintering
?

Porosity
@

FeO
033

Sio2
238

A1203
086

CaO
336

MgO
106

iwt

A
a

6399

766

141

1220 1300

2430 2092 2560 2602

B C

b
C

5960

217

421

176

585

213

395

L39
127 139

1265
1250

5586

240 054

626 625

244 234

797 866

323 267

990

1265
1294

2496 2528

5489

1992

XNSIagformeramountSiO2A1203YCaOHMgO

276

JaliVAHDATIKHAKYoshiakiKAsHIWAYAandKuniyoshiIsHII

3esutsdiscscssOR
ReductionrateRDRofpelletwascalculatedinthecourseofheatingupreductionby oxygenbalancebasedonflowratesofCOandCO2ofinletandoutletThereductiondegree

TRDwasalsocalculatedateachtimebysummationofRDRfronnthebeginningof
reductionThecurvesofreductiondegreeTRDofallsixkindsofpelletsareplotted agaiiisttemperatureandshowninFig3Generallywholereductionprocessmayroughly
beclassifiedintotworegionsof agasrmsolidreactionperiodinlowtemperaturesand

bgasmsolidrmliquidreactionperiodinhightemperature

10e

A
8e

@Bb
D

@Ba

0
8 9

60

eeee b

@Bc

340

ar20

e 20e
s

ze

4eg6gosoolooo12ge14ee16so
Teraperaturec
Fig3Reductioncurvesofsixkindsofpellets

TheregionaislessthanleeOOCandtheslopeofcurveortherateofreductionincreases

continuouslyThentheregionbisapartabove100eCandtheslopeofTRDcurve
graduallydecreaseswhichiscausedfromtheclosingofporebyformationofliquidslag
insidethepellet

Inthefirstregionathereducibilityofpelletscanbecomparedamongdifferentkinds ofpelletslncomparisonwithBrmaBrmbandBcwhichareofthesamechemicalcomposi

tionanddifferentporositythereducibilityofpelletincreaseswithincreasingofporosity
SampleBaofthelowestporosityhasthelowestreducibilityinallstudiedpelletsCompar ingpelletsABrmbandDwhicharealmostofthesameporosityandbasicityanddifferent

slagformeramountsampleAofthelowestslagformeramountandthehighesthematite
contenthasthehighestreducibilityamongtheallsixkindsofpelletsPelletsCandDhave

thesameslagformeramouRtandporosityanddifferentbasicityCaOSiO2FromTRD
curvesofthesetwokindsofsamplesbasicityalsoshowsapositiveeffectonreducibilityof
pelletwhenthebasicityincreasesfrorn127inpelletCto139inpelletD

IRhightemperatureregionbthereisareductionretardatienperiodinallcasesatthe

beginningoftheregionwhichisrelatedtosinteringofmetallicshellatthesurfaceand

EffectsofPorosityandSlagFormerAmountonRateof
HeatingupReductionofSelffluxedPellet

277

formationofmeltinsidethepelletThereductionretardationperiodisfollowedbyconsid

erablerisingofreductioRdegreeandpressuredropduetostartofsmeltingreductienafter flowingrmoutofinoltenFeOslaglthasbeenreportedthatthebeginniRgofthecohesive zoReiRblastfurnacewottldbeduetothisflowingoutphenomenon StartingteniperatureofreductioRretardationandsrneltiiigreductionandalsobeginning ofmeltingdowllofpelletwhichdeterneitshightemperaturepropertiesdependonits

originalcharacteristicsandwillbediscussedlater

10

sTFnT7

A rmrm @Ba @Bb

10 2G 30

ww @Bc

an40

ite

b
@D

M
Q

c5

5C

L 60
tK

79 80 ge lOO 800

900

1oooee12001300
TemperatureC

1400

1500

Fig4Variationsofshrinkageofpelletsduringheatingup

Fig4showsthediagramsofshrinkageofthebedofpelletsinthecourseofheatingup

reductionataheatingrateof10CRiinforallsixkindsofpelletsAninitialsHght

expansionofsampleswasobservedwhichturnedtotheshrinkageastheheatingupancl

reductionproceededTherewasanabruptshrinkagebefore1200eCduetoformationof
moltenslagwithinthepelletslntheother
10

TTrrrTun
@Ba

U1

wordsshrinkagewasfastduringreduction

retardationperiodFlowingoutofmolten
primaryslagfromabout1300Cattheendof

10

AX
w

m
L

l
ll
l ll

2e

ab

recluceionretardationperiodwasac
companiedbyslowshrinkingofthesamples
Finallyanotherabruptshrinkagewasobser vedover1400OCbecauseofmeltingdownof

30

@Bc

40 so

@D

t N
l

ll N

metallicironComparingtheshrinkagedia
gramsofsamplesBaBbandBmcthe

60
70 80 90 1ee

temperatureatwhichcoRtractionofthebed
startsdecreasesbyincreaseofporositylt
isnoticeablethathigherporosityofpelletled

9
Figro

tohigherreductiondegreeltisalsofound

20406esoloo ReductiondegreeZ
Shrinlagevsreductiondegreeofpellets

fromFig3thathigherporosityresultsin

278

JalilVAHDATIKHAKIYoshiakiKAsHlwAYAandKuniyoshiISHII

lowershrinkagestartingtemperatureFromthesefactsitisconsideredthatthereduction degreeisoneoftheshrinkagecontrollingfactorsathightemperatureregionThatismore
clearinFig5inwhichshrinlageofsamplesisplottedagainstTRDlnthefirstabrupt
shrinkageregiontheslopeofthecurvesisalmostthesamethatistheratioofshrinkage

ratetoreductionrateisalmostsameSointhattemperatureregionover100eeCitis

consideredthattheshrinkageiscontrolledbyreductionprocess
Abovementionedhightemperatureover1000Cpropertiesofpelletcanbeclassified intofourcharacteristictemperaturesasfollows

1temperatureatwhichshrinlagestartsexpansionchangestoshrinkage 2temperatureatwhichformationofmeltstarts
3startiltgtemperatureofflowingoutofmoltenslag

4startingtemperatureofmeltingdownofmetalliciron
Siagforeroun

111519

i400FAFoOoaLoOo
1350

6070eDSOIDO
1300 o o o o o

o
1250

oo

o
co

t200

3545556575
OooO
oS
o

o e

1150

PrimarvsEag

meltingtemp

oo
loc

354e455g55
o

o
oo

o o
o

tooo

o 900 sgo
Shriiikagestarttemp

20222426
Porosity

e o 20242g3236f290t23e1260f290t320

TRDXSinteringtempC

Fig6EffectsofslagformeramountsinteringtemperatureporosityandTRDonhigh
temperatureproperties

Fig6showstheeffectsofporosityslagformeramountsinteringtemperatureand
reductiondegreeTR9onthesehightemperaturepropertiesofpelletBasedonFicr3and

Fig6themeltingtemperatureofprimaryslagisaffectedbyreductiondegreewhichis relatedtoporosityandslagformeramountSamplesAandBrmaofthehighestandlowest
reducibilityhadthelowestandthehighestmeltingtemperatureofprimaryslagrespectively
Thetotalreductiondegreesatthistemperaturewerethehighest5220oandthelowest350o

amongallsix1indsofpelletsforAandBarespectiveiyThistemperaturealsoincreases

byincreaseofthetemperatureatwhichthesamplewassinteredduringpreparationprocess Thetemperatureatwhichflowingmoutofslagoccursdependsonporosityslagformer

EffectsofPorosityandSlagFormerAmountonRateof
HeatingupReductionofSelfrmfluxedPeHet

279

amountsinteringtemperatureandreducibilityofpelletThistemperatureincreaseswith theiRcreaseofporosityanddecreasesbyincreasingofslagformeramountaRdsintering
temperatureBecausethepelletofhigherporosityhasmorecapacityforholdiRgofmolten

slagandlargerporeskeepsthemoltenslagfromflowingoutatlowertemperature
Moreoverthethickermetallicshellatthesurfaceofpelletinthecaseofhigherreducibility

duetohigherporosityresistsagainstflowingoutofmoltenslagandcausestoanincrease

ofthistemperatureThereforeataconstantheatingrateandcompositionofreducinggas startingtemperatureofslagflowingoutmaybeconsideredasafunctionofporosityslag

formeramountandsinteringtemperatureTheamountofsmeltingreductiondecreases
withincreaseofstartingtemperatureofslagflowingoutTfandincreaseofreducibilityof

pelletFig3whichisdesirableinblastfurnaceoperationlnpelletAofthehighest
reducibilityandthehighestTfonly380oofreducibleoxygenwasremovedthroughsmelting reductionWhileinpelletBaofthelowestreducibilityandthelowestTf660oof

reducibleoxygenwasreducedinsmeltingreductionprocess
FromtheseresultsitwasfoundthatthestartingtemperatureofslagflowingoutTfis

afunctionofslagformeramouRtSFAsinteringtemperatureTsandporosityEUsinga
multiperegressionanalysismethodEq3wasfoundforcalculationofTfstartingtempera
tureofslagflowingrmout
TfSFATsE
Ti313SFA362Ts2872E6996
3

Where
Variabes
TrstartingtemperatureofslagflowoutOC SFAslagformeramountinpellet
SFAOoSiO2CaOOoA1203OovlgO100

TssinteringtemperatureofpelletC
Einitialporosityofpellet

Conditions
ReducinggasN230volOoCO
CaOSiO2ofpellet4

Heatingrate10OCmin
TfisrecalculatedformEq3andcomparedwithexperimentaldatainFig7forallsix

kindsofpelletThereisagoodagreementbetxrvreencalculationandexperimentlnorder tochecktheaccuracyofthismodelexperimentalresultsofpreviousstudiesperformedby

otherresearcherswerecomparedwithcalculationfrompresentmodelintable3lnthose
studiestheexperimentalconditionsandCaOSiO2ofpelletwerethesameaspresentwork

28e

JalilVAIIDATI11IAKIYoshiakiKASHIWAYAandKuniyoshilsm

1350
oExperimentdata

1330

ACalculation

p p
o
E

t31e

12SO

o
an
Q

1270

125G

12gO1230126012SO1320
SineingemC

Fig7Comparisonbetweenexperimentdataandmodelcaicuiation

Table3Comparisonbetweenpreviousstudiesandmodel
caiculationofTr

PrevOUswork

Expernelltaidata

CalCulatlOdaa
13142C 13024C

KOndoea
Takahashi

308DC 1312C

SKondoKlshiiandYKashiwaya

lxiTTakahashiprivatecommunication

4COCUS0

Reducibilityofironoreanditshightemperaturebehaviourareaffectedbyitsoriginal

characteristicsandhaveaRiinportantinfluenceonblastfurnaceoperationUsingsixkinds ofselffluxedpelletsheatingupreductionexperimentswereperformedTherelationships

betweenreducibilityandhightemperaturepropertiesofpelletwerestudiedResults
obtainedareasfollows

1Thereducibilityofpelletwasaffectedbyitsoriginalcharacteristicsandincreasedwith

theincreaseofporosityandthedecreaseofslagformeramouRtAlsointhecaseof constantporosityandslagformeramountreducibilityincreasedasthebasicityincreased
from127to139

2StartingtemperatureofslagflowingoutTfwhichwasrelatedtocapacityofpellet

forholdingthemeltdecreasedwiththeincreaseofslagformeramountandincreasedwith

theincreaseofporosityThistemperaturealsodecreasedwithincreasingofsintering
temperatureofpellet 3Meltingdowntemperatureofpelletincreasedwiththeincreaseofporosity
4Athightemperaturesover0eOeCshrinkagewascontrolledbyreductionreaction

Effectsof1orosityandSlagFormerAmountonRateof
IleatingupReductionofSeffluxedPellet

281

5StartkigtemperatureofslagflowingrmoutTfcould1econsideredasafunctionof

perosityslagformeramotmtandsinteringteinperatureAtcertainexperiinentalcondi
tionsthistemperaturefordifferent1indsofpelletsceuldbecalculatedfromEq3

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