ASDTL Lab Manual

TE(IT) Software Development Tools Laboratory
Experiment No : 1
1. Title: Implementation of simple Java programs exploring concepts of Data-types,

Variables, Arrays and control statements.
2. Prior Concepts:
Class, Object, Member functions, Data types, Operators, Control Statements in Java.
3. Information Input:
3.1 Syntax for class definition:
Where –
class is a keyword.
class_name is a name of the class.
data_type is built-in, derived or user defined type.
member_name is a name of a variable.
return_type is data_type of a returned value.
method1 is name of a method.
parameter list is list of parameters.
SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 1

Example:
class Rectangle
{
int length;
int width;
void getData(int m, int n)
{
length = m;
width = n;
}
}
Task:
Study the sample program given below, and note the class definition and declaration of object, and
how to access data members of an object.
Sample program:
Program to define a class ‘Student’ having data members roll, name. Initialize and display
this data for an object of the class Student.
import java.lang.*; // import language package which is default package.
class Student
{
int roll ; // data members declaration.
String name; //String is a built in class used to store string.
void getData(int r, String s) // method to initialize data members.
{
roll = r;
name = s;
}
void putData( ) // method to display information.
{
System.out.println(“Roll number = “ + roll);
System.out.println(“Name = “ + name);
}
public static void main(String args[]) // main method
{
Student s = new Student( ); // creating object.
s.getData(1,”Raj”); // invoking methods
s.putData( );
}
}
Output of the Program :

Roll number = 1
Name =Raj

Exercise :
Implement following programs using appropriate data-type
1. Initialize the temperature value in Celsius and convert it to Fahrenheit and vice
versa
2. Initialize suitable data and calculate area of circle, triangle, rectangle and square
.
3. Initialize one dimensional array of any size and separate out even ,odd, prime
numbers from this array and calculate average of each separated array
4. Initialize any two dimensional matrix and pick up largest number from this
matrix
5. Write a program to produce following output.

ABCDEFGFEDCBA
ABCDEF FEDCBA
ABCDE EDCBA
ABCD DCBA
ABC CBA
AB BA
A A

Experiment No : 2
1. Title :
Exploring concepts Inheritance ,Packages , Interfaces ,String handling ,Exception

handling
2. Prior Concepts:
Creation of classes , creation of objects
3 Information Input:
3.1 Inheritance:
The mechanism of deriving a new class from an existing class is called Inheritance. The
existing class is known as the base or super class or parent class and the new class is
called as derived class or child class.
3.2 Single inheritance:
The mechanism or deriving a new class from only one super class is called as single
Inheritance. e.g.
A
Super Class
B Sub Class
3.3 Syntax for inheritance a class:
Class subclassname extends superclassname

{
Variable declaration;
Method decloation;
}

The keyword extends signifies that the properties of the super class superclassname are
extends to the sub class subclassname.
3.4 String Class :

String class is a built in class from java.lang package. It is used to create strings. The
String class object can be created implicitly or explicitly depending on how the string is
being used in the program. To create a String implicitly, a string literal is placed in the
program and Java creates a String object for the string automatically. e.g.
putData(“Lata”,10); this statement will create a String object automatically to store the
string “Lata”. To create a String object explicitly, the String class is instantiated as below –
The above statements will create an object of String class explicitly and initialize it to string “abcd”.
3.5 Methods of String class.
String class has number of methods which are used to get information about the string or
manipulate the string. The details of these methods are available in any Java
languagedocumentation or reference books.
3.6 Interface:
An Interface is basically a kind of class. Like classes, interface contains variables and methods.
The difference is that the interface defines only abstract method.? and final v3riables. By
default variables declared inside antrrferface are final and sfatic.'They must be initialized with
a constant value. It is the responsibility of the class that implements an interface to deTine the
code for these methods.
Syntax :
interface interface name
{
variable declaration; method declaration;
}
Exercise:
1. Calculate the balance of different accounts like Savings account , Fixed Deposit
account, Recurring account of a customer . Here Balance is superclass and other
classes are derived classes from it . Make use of inheritance
In this assignment make appropriate use of package and interface
Define an interface which contain methods like add ,delete , display. Implement the classes
Queue and stack from this interface

Experiment No : 3
1. Title:
Program for file processing
2. Prior Concepts:
File, input and output streams, primitive operations on file.
3,1 Java io classes for file handling

The Java io package provides stream classes to provide capabilities for processing types of
data.
The InputStream nnd OutputStream classes are the maior components of this hierarchy.
The InputStream and OutputStream classes are abslract classes that lay the foundation for
the Java Input and Output class hierarchy. As such, they provide methods that are inherited
by all lnputStream and OutputStream classes. The inputStream and QutputStream
classes have complementary subclasses .
3.2 Random access File :

Random Access File class provides the capability to perform I/O directly to
specific locations within a file .Random Access File implements both the DataInput
and DataOutput interfaces this provides the capability to perform I/O using all objects
and primitive data types.
Random Access File also supports basic file read/write permissions allowing
files to be accessed in read-only or read-write mode.
4. Algorithm
1) Accept from user or specify the name of file to be opened
2) Open the stream in input/output mode as specified
3) Use file to store /retrieve/process from the file
4) Close the files

Exercise :
a. Implement student database using file . Accept student name, rollno, class, Percentage
marks from user and store it in file and search particular student record and display it.
Make appropriate use of features you have studied in previous experiments like
inheritance, packages ,interfaces

Experiment No : 4
1.Title:
Design GUI using Applet.
2. Prior Concepts:
Inheritance, Method overloading and overriding, Interface.
3.1 Java Applet

An Applet is a dynamic and interactive program that can run inside a web page displayed by a
Java-capable web browser Web browser is a program to view web pages. Every applet is
implemented by creating a subclass of the Applet class which is the single class in the
applet package. The following figure shows the inheritance hierarchy of the Applet class.
The Applet class extends the AWT Panel class, which extends the AWT Container class,
which extends the AWT Component class. From Component, an applet inherits the ability to
draw and handle events. From Containerf-an applet inherits the ability to include other
components and to have a layout manager control the size and position of those components. From
Applet, an applet inherits several capabilities, including the ability to respond to major

milestones, such as loading and unloading,
3.2 An Applet's life cycle;

Every Java applet inherits a set of default behaviors from the Applet class. In most cases,
These default behaviors do nothing, unless you override some of Applet's methods in order to
Extend the applet's basic functionality. There are five stages in an applets life cycle, each has a
matching method that can be overridden to gain access to that stage of the applet's life cycle.
1. Initialization stage: In this stage the applet object is created and loaded. The
initialization stage occurs only once in the applet's life cycle. To tap Into the initialization
stage, the init() method of Applet has to be overridden.
2. Start stage: This stage occurs when the system starts running the applet. The start
stage can occur right after the initialization stage or when an applet is restarted.
Unlike the initialization stage, the start stage can occur several times over the life of the applet.
To provide start code, override the Applet class's start() method.
3. Paint stage: The paint stage occurs whenever the applet's display mud be drawn on the
screen. This happens right after the applet's start stage, as well as wherever the applet's
display must be restored or changed. Almost every applet has a paint() method,
which is used for display
4. Stop stage: The stop stage is the counter part to the start stage. Java executes this
stage of the applet's life cycle when the applet is no longer visible on the screen. To
handle the stop stage differently, the stop( ) method of Applet class has to be
overridden.
5. Destroy stage: This is the counterpart to the initialization stage and occurs when
the system is about to remove the applet from memory. Like the initialization stage,
the destroy stage occurs only once. If the applet has resources that need to be
cleaned up before the applet exits, then it is done in by overriding the Applet class's
destroy() method.

3 Steps to run an Applet:

There are two ways to run an Applet.
1. Through web browser: To run an Applet, the html tag containing applet tag has to be
stored in a file with extension .html, which can be opened through any Java-compatible
web browser. The html tag is given as below.
<html>
<applet code = "classfile.class" height = 200 width=300>
</applet>
</html>
In the above syntax code is assigned the name of the .class file of the Applet to be viewed and
height and width is the size of the Applet in pixels.
Through Appletvicwer : Applets can run without a Java-compatible web browser using the
Appletviewer tool that comes as part of the JDK. Appletviewer is a Windows application
that is run from a DOS command line. When Appletviewer appears, the applet appears in the
viewer's main window. The command to view Applet through the Appletviewer is as below.
c:\jdkl2 \bin>appletviewer prog1.html.
Where c:\jdk1.2\bin is the path where appleviewer.exe file is stored and the file prog1.html
contains (eg for the applet. The height and width is the size of the applet in pixels
Algorithm:
1. import the applet package.
2. create a public subclass of the Applet class
3. In Applet subclass, override at least one of the following methods: init( ) , start( ), and
paint() and declare them as public. The init and start methods, along with stop and destroy, are
called when major events (milestones) occur in the applet's life cycle. The paint method is called
when the applet needs to draw itself to the screen

Exercise:
Design following GUI using Applet
Compute Final Amount at the End of Years
Principal Amount
Years
Interest Rate
Final Amount
Compute

Experiment No : 5
1. Title : Study of AWT
2. Prior Concepts:
Applet and event handling
2. Information Input :
The Java programming language class library provides a user interface toolkit called the
Abstract Windowing Toolkit, or the AWT. The AWT is both powerful and flexible.
3.1 What is a user interface

The user interface is that part of a program that interacts with the user of the program. User
interfaces take many forms. These forms range in complexity from simple command-line
interfaces to the point-and-click graphical user interfaces provided by many modern
applications.
The AWT provides a well-designed object-oriented interface to these low-level services and
resources.
. The AWT was designed to provide a common set of tools for graphical user interface
design that work on a variety of platforms.
Components and containers

A graphical user interface is built of graphical elements called components. Typical
components include such items as buttons, scrollbars, and text fields. Components allow
the user to interact with the program and provide the user with visual feedback about the
state of the program. In the AWT, all user interface components are instances of class
Component or one of its subtypes.
Following fig the inheritance relationship between the user interface component classes
provided by the AWT. Class Component defines the interface to which all components
must adhere.

The AWT provides nine basic non-container component classes from which a user interface
may be constructed. (Of course, new component classes may be derived from any of these
or from class Component itself.) These nine classes are class Button, Canvas, Checkbox,
Choice, Label, List, Scrollbar, TextArea, and TextField.
Types of containers
The AWT provides four container classes. They are class Window and its two subtypes --
class Frame and class Dialog -- as well as the Panel class. In addition to the containers
provided by the AWT, the Applet class is a container -- it is a subtype of the Panel class and
can therefore hold components. Brief descriptions of each container class provided by the
AWT are provided below.
A top-level display surface (a window). An instance of the Window class is not

Window attached to nor embedded within another container. An instance of the Window
class has no border and no title.
Frame A top-level display surface (a window) with a border and title. An instance of the
Frame class may have a menu bar. It is otherwise very much like an instance of the

Window class.
A top-level display surface (a window) with a border and title. An instance of the
Dialog
Dialog class cannot exist without an associated instance of the Frame class.
A generic container for holding components. An instance of the Panel class
Panel provides a container to which to add components.
Creating a container
Before adding the components that make up a user interface, the programmer must create a
container. When building an application, the programmer must first create an instance of
class Window or class Frame. When building an applet, a frame (the browser window)
already exists. Since the Applet class is a subtype of the Panel class, the programmer can
add the components to the instance of the Applet class itself.
The code in Listing 1 creates an empty frame. The title of the frame ("Example 1") is set in
the call to the constructor. A frame is initially invisible and must be made visible by
invoking its show() method.
import java.awt.*;
public class Example1

{
public static void main(String [] args)
{
Frame f = new Frame("Example 1");
f.show();
}
}
Listing 1. An empty frame
The code in Listing 2 extends the code from Listing 1 so that the new class inherits from
class Panel. In the main() method, an instance of this new class is created and added to the
Frame object via a call to the add() method. The result is then displayed. The results of both
examples should look identical (that is, they should look quite uninteresting).

import java.awt.*;
public class Example1a extends Panel

{
{
Frame f = new Frame("Example 1a");
Example1a ex = new Example1a();
f.add("Center", ex);
f.pack();
f.show();
}
}
Listing 2. A frame with an empty panel
By deriving the new class from class Applet instead of class Panel, this example can now
run as either a standalone application or as an applet embedded in a Web page. The code
for this example is provided in Listing 3.
import java.awt.*;
public class Example1b extends java.applet.Applet

{
{
Frame f = new Frame("Example 1b");
Example1b ex = new Example1b();
f.pack();
f.show();
}
}
Listing 3. A frame with an empty applet
Figure 5. An empty frame

Adding components to a container

To be useful, a user interface must consist of more than just a container -- it must contain
components. Components are added to containers via a container's add() method. There are
three basic forms of the add() method. The method to use depends on the container's layout
manager (see the section titled Component layout).
The code in Listing 4 adds the creation of two buttons to the code presented in Listing 3.
The creation is performed in the init() method because it is automatically called during
applet initialization. Therefore, no matter how the program is started, the buttons are
created, because init() is called by either the browser or by the main() method. Figure 6
contains the resulting applet.
import java.awt.*;
public class Example3 extends java.applet.Applet

{
public void init()
{
add(new Button("One"));
add(new Button("Two"));
}
public Dimension preferredSize()

{
return new Dimension(200, 100);
}

{
Frame f = new Frame("Example 3");
Example3 ex = new Example3();
ex.init();
f.pack();
f.show();
}
}

3. Exercise :
Implement standalone application for IceCream parlor using frame
Vanilla Butterscotch
Strawberry Black current
Total Amount

Experiment No. 6
1. Title : Miniproject
2. Prior Concepts :
Database management system, relational database concepts, SQL commands ,
HTML, All core java concepts
3.Information Input:
3.1 Open database connectivity (ODBC):

Open Database Connectivity ODBC is a standard developed by Microsoft . ODBC
is an application program regardless of their type. If the data source is ODBC complaint
any program can access it using ODBC .
3.2 JDBC : Java Database Connectivity:

It is standard API for java developed by Sun Microsystems. Java Database
Connectivity or JDBC offers a generic SQL database access mechanism that
provides a consistent interface to a variety of relational database management
systems.
3.3 JDBC ODBC bridge:

To gain a wider acceptance of JDBC ,Sun based JDBC’s framework on ODBC.
ODBC has widespread support in a variety of platforms. As JDBC is close to
ODBC in design the ODBC is a thin layer over JDBC, Internally this driver maps
JDBC methods to ODBC calls and thus interacts with any available ODBC driver,
The advantage of this bridge is that now JDBC has capability to access almost all
databases as ODBC drivers are widely available.
3.4 Database Drivers :

The consistent interface to variety of relational database management systems is
achieved through the use of “plug-in” database connectivity modules called drivers.
To have JDBC support it is necessary to provide the driver for each platform the
driver for each platform that the database and Java run on.
3.5 JDBC classed for database access

The Java.sql package provides JDBC classes . There are number of classes
provides by JDBC for database access. Out of these classes following four classes
are required to access any database
1. DriverManager – This class is responsible for managing all the
available database drivers. The DriverManager class retrieves the list of
available classes for drivers from the system properly calles jdbc.drivers.
Each of the found drivers is loaded .

2. Connection – This interface defines session between an application and

a database
3. Statement- This interface is used to issue a single SQL statement
through a Connection. It owns only one ResultSet. Therefore multiple
concurrent SQL statements must be done through Statements.Issuing a
SQL statement while processing the ResultSet of aprevious Statement
will result in the overwriting of the results.
4. ResultSet – This interface provides access to the data returned from the
execution a Statement.
3.6 URL for data access –

When any database is loaded it is registered with DriverManager, The
DriverManager when required to open a connection selects the driver
depending on the JDBC URL . JDBC identifies a database with an URL .
The URL is in the form
jdbc:odbc:<subname related to the DBMS>

Where subname – Dta Source Name created to access database. E.g. if
dataname is created to access Oracle database then URL for the accessing
that Oracle database using JDBC will be
jdbc :odbc:dataname
3.7 HTML:
What is HTML?
• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

• An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags
• The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page
• An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension
• An HTML file can be created using a simple text editor
Basic HTML Tags

Tag Description
<html> Defines an HTML document
<body> Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6> Defines header 1 to header 6
<p> Defines a paragraph
<br> Inserts a single line break
<hr> Defines a horizontal rule
<!--> Defines a comment

HTML Tag Attributes

HTML tags can have attributes. Attributes provide additional information to an HTML
element.
Attributes always come in name/value pairs like this: name="value".
Attributes are always specified in the start tag of an HTML element.
Attributes Example
<h1> defines the start of a heading.
<h1 align="center"> has additional information about the alignment.
Text Formatting Tags

Tag Description
<b> Defines bold text
<big> Defines big text
<em> Defines emphasized text
<i> Defines italic text
<small> Defines small text
<strong> Defines strong text
<sub> Defines subscripted text
<sup> Defines superscripted text
<ins> Defines inserted text
<del> Defines deleted text
<s> Deprecated. Use <del> instead
<strike> Deprecated. Use <del> instead
<u> Deprecated. Use styles instead
Tables
Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and
each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). The letters td stands for "table data,"
which is the content of a data cell. A data cell can contain text, images, lists, paragraphs,
forms, horizontal rules, tables, etc.
3.8 JSP

3.8.1 What is JSP Page?

● A text-based document capable of returning both static and dynamic
content to a client browser
● Static content and dynamic content can be intermixed
● Static content
– HTML, XML, Text
● Dynamic content
– Java code
– Displaying properties of JavaBeans
– Invoking business logic defined in Custom tags
A Simple JSP Page
<html>
<body>
Hello World!
<br>
Current time is <%= new java.util.Date() %>
</body>
</html
3.8.2 JSP Benefits

● Content and display logic are separated
● Simplify web application development with JSP, JavaBeans and custom tags
● Supports software reuse through the use of components (JavaBeans,Custom
tags )
● Automatic deployment
– Recompile automatically when changes are made to JSP pages
● Easier to author web pages
● Platform-independent
3.8.3 JSP Scripting Elements

● Lets you insert Java code into the servlet that will be generated from JSP page
● Minimize the usage of JSP scripting elements in your JSP pages if possible
● There are three forms
– Expressions: <%= Expressions %>
– Scriptlets: <% Code %>
– Declarations: <%! Declarations %>
3.8.4 Three Types of Directives
● page: Communicate page dependent attributes and communicate these to the JSP
container
– <%@ page import="java.util.* %>
● include: Used to include text and/or code at JSP page translation-time
– <%@ include file="header.html" %>
● Taglib: Indicates a tag library that the JSP container should interpret
– <%@ taglib uri="mytags" prefix="codecamp" %>

3.8.5 Page Directives

● Give high-level information about the servlet that results from the JSP page.
● Control
– Which classes are imported
• <%@ page import="java.util.* %>
Exercise :
Develop a miniproject based upon the concepts like a) Database Management System b)
Web based application c) Any standalone Java application e.g, Game etc.
Sample web application :
Design Online Marketing site which gives the facility to sell and buy various items in various
categories like 1. Art 2.Books 3. Business & Industrial 4.Cameras & Photo 5. Cell Phones & PDAs
6. Clothing, Shoes & Accessories 7.Computers & Networking 8.Consumer Electronics 9. DVDs &
Movies 10. Home & Garden 11. Musical Instruments 12. Real Estate 13. Sporting Goods 14
Stamps 15.Tickets etc

ASDTL Lab Manual

Transféré par

Informations du document

Description originale:

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

ASDTL Lab Manual

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

TE(IT) Software Development Tools Laboratory

1. Title: Implementation of simple Java programs exploring concepts of Data-types,

3.1 Syntax for class definition:

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 1

Output of the Program :

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 2

5. Write a program to produce following output.

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 3

Exploring concepts Inheritance ,Packages , Interfaces ,String handling ,Exception

Creation of classes , creation of objects

3.3 Syntax for inheritance a class:

Class subclassname extends superclassname

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 4

3.4 String Class :

3.5 Methods of String class.

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 5

3,1 Java io classes for file handling

3.2 Random access File :

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 6

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 7

3.1 Java Applet

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 8

milestones, such as loading and unloading,

3.2 An Applet's life cycle;

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 9

3 Steps to run an Applet:

c:\jdkl2 \bin>appletviewer prog1.html.

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 10

Design following GUI using Applet

Compute Final Amount at the End of Years

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 11

1. Title : Study of AWT

3.1 What is a user interface

Components and containers

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 12

A top-level display surface (a window). An instance of the Window class is not

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 13

public class Example1

Listing 1. An empty frame

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 14

public class Example1a extends Panel

Example1a ex = new Example1a();

Listing 2. A frame with an empty panel

public class Example1b extends java.applet.Applet

Example1b ex = new Example1b();

Listing 3. A frame with an empty applet

Figure 5. An empty frame

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 15

Adding components to a container

public class Example3 extends java.applet.Applet

public Dimension preferredSize()

public static void main(String [] args)

Example3 ex = new Example3();

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 16

Implement standalone application for IceCream parlor using frame

Strawberry Black current

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 17

3.1 Open database connectivity (ODBC):

3.2 JDBC : Java Database Connectivity:

3.3 JDBC ODBC bridge:

3.4 Database Drivers :

3.5 JDBC classed for database access

SKNCOE Department of Information Technology 18