A Comparison of EDSA I and EDSA II ASPECT REASON EDSA I EDSA II In EDSA I, the people protested the In EDSA II,

the people protested the massive election fraud during the Snap pro-Estrada senators' barring of a set of Presidential Elections held during the evidences that will convict the president first week of February 1986. Many in the on-going impeachment trial . This supporters of Corazon Aquino were not is what the people claimed as able to vote because their names were "suppression of truth." People of EDSA allegedly deleted from the registered II have lost faith on the integrity of the voter's list. Members of the Commission impeachment court and are predicting on Election walked-out from their work an acquittal verdict by a majority of the because according to them, then senators. The people then gathered in president Ferdinand Marcos were EDSA to continue the battle in the forcing them to declare him the winner streets rather than in the court. EDSA I lasted for 5 days (February 21- EDSA II lasted for 4 days only (January 25, 1986) 17-20, 2001). Ferdinand Marcos left Malacanang and Estrada left the palace but stayed in the went to Hawaii. country. In both EDSA I and EDSA II, Jaime Cardinal Sin called on the people to gather at EDSA through Radio Veritas. There were presence of tanks and There were no presence of tanks and heavily armed soldiers during EDSA heavily armed soldiers during EDSA II. EDSA I. Both ended peacefully.

DURATION PRESIDENT OUTCOME JCS TANKS AND SOLDIERS

THEME

People wore something yellow during EDSA I. Yellow symbolizes democracy which was being cried for in 1986. EDSA I was more of a solemn crusade. Both were supported by the religious sectors.

TONE

something black during EDSA II. Black was worn in 2001 because of the "death" of justice in the Impeachment trial. EDSA II was more like a party. Both were supported by the religious sectors.

POWER OF THE PEOPLE

CONSTITUTIONAL EKEKE

EDSA II is an exercise of people power of EDSA I involves the exercise of the freedom of speech and freedom of people power of revolution which assembly to petition the government for redress of grievances which only overthrew the whole government. affected the office of the President. EDSA II is intra constitutional and the EDSA I is extra constitutional and the resignation of the sitting President that legitimacy of the new government that it caused and the succession of the Vice resulted from it cannot be the subject of President as President are subject to judicial review. judicial review.

PHILIPPINE CONTEMPORARY ISSUES AND PROBLEMS 1) Mindanao Crisis - Mindanao, land of promise and the land of opportunity - Muslim people waged a series of jihad (holy wars) against the Spanish Colonizers from 1565-1898. Despite a number of military successes, the Spanish failed to suppress the Moro Wars - 1903-1913 Moro resistance against the Americans - 60s the sporadic friction between the Filipino Christians and Muslims soon turned into a bloody confrontation economic exploitation - 70s the Muslims waged a full- pledged struggle not just for justice but for an independent Mindanao under the new name, the Islamic Republic of Mindanao - MNLF/MILF/Abu Sayyaf/ Ampatuan 2) Overpopulation - One of the very reason why the Philippines cannot leap from being a Third World Country - Problems: a. Budget allocation b. Job availability c. Squatters d. Malnourishment/ diseases e. Criminality f. RH BILL: HOUSE BILL NO. 5043 SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. The State upholds and promotes responsible parenthood, informed choice, birth spacing and respect for life in conformity with internationally recognized human rights standards. The State shall uphold the right of the people, particularly women and their organizations, to effective and reasonable participation in the formulation and implementation of the declared policy. This policy is anchored on the rationale that sustainable human development is better assured with a manageable population of healthy, educated and productive citizens. The State likewise guarantees universal access to medically-safe, legal, affordable and quality reproductive health care services, methods, devices, supplies and relevant information thereon even as it prioritizes the needs of women and children, among other underprivileged sectors. SEC. 3. Guiding Principles. This Act declares the following as basic guiding principles: a. In the promotion of reproductive health, there should be no bias for either modern or natural methods of family planning; b. Reproductive health goes beyond a demographic target because it is principally about health and rights;

c. Gender equality and women empowerment are central elements of reproductive health and population development; d. Since manpower is the principal asset of every country, effective reproductive health care services must be given primacy to ensure the birth and care of healthy children and to promote responsible parenting; e. The limited resources of the country cannot be suffered to, be spread so thinly to service a burgeoning multitude that makes the allocations grossly inadequate and effectively meaningless; f. Freedom of informed choice, which is central to the exercise of any right, must be fully guaranteed by the State like the right itself; g. While the number and spacing of children are left to the sound judgment of parents and couples based on their personal conviction and religious beliefs, such concerned parents and couples, including unmarried individuals, should be afforded free and full access to relevant, adequate and correct information on reproductive health and human sexuality and should be guided by qualified State workers and professional private practitioners; h. Reproductive health, including the promotion of breastfeeding, must be the joint concern of the National Government and Local Government Units(LGUs); i. Protection and promotion of gender equality, women empowerment and human rights, including reproductive health rights, are imperative; j. Development is a multi-faceted process that calls for the coordination and integration of policies, plans, programs and projects that seek to uplift the quality of life of the people, more particularly the poor, the needy and the marginalized; k. Active participation by and thorough consultation with concerned nongovernment organizations (NGOs), peoples organizations (POs) and communities are imperative to ensure that basic policies, plans, programs and projects address the priority needs of stakeholders; l. Respect for, protection and fulfillment of reproductive health rights seek to promote not only the rights and welfare of adult individuals and couples but those of adolescents and childrens as well; and m. While nothing in this Act changes the law on abortion, as abortion remains a crime and is punishable, the government shall ensure that women seeking care for post-abortion complications shall be treated and counseled in a humane, nonjudgmental and compassionate manner. Reproductive Health Care refers to the availability of and access to a full range of methods, techniques, supplies and services that contribute to reproductive and sexual health and well-being by preventing and solving reproductive health-related problems in order to achieve enhancement of life and personal relations. The elements of reproductive health care include: 1. Maternal, infant and child health and nutrition;

2. Promotion of breastfeeding; 3. Family planning information end services; 4. Prevention of abortion and management of post-abortion complications; 5. Adolescent and youth health; 6. Prevention and management of reproductive tract infections (RTIs), HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmittable infections (STIs); 7. Elimination of violence against women; 8. Education and counseling on sexuality and sexual and reproductive health; 9. Treatment of breast and reproductive tract cancers and other gynecological conditions; 10. Male involvement and participation in reproductive health;, 11. Prevention and treatment of infertility and sexual dysfunction; and 12. Reproductive health education for the youth. 3) Political Activism - Social awareness and political consciousness had been the battle cries of reformist seeking changes in the society - SA and PC vital to the promotion of unity - QUALITIES: a. Pro-active b. Vibrant activism pushes leaders and members to work together for the good of the nation c. Counteracts negative values - HISTORY: a. Started with wealthy middle class Rizal, Del Pilar, Jaena (Propagandists) b. 19th Century Filipino students left school and joined as fighters during the 1896 and 1898 Philippine Revolution and the Fil-American War c. American Period used parliamentary procedures, reforms were sought through active involvement as legislators and the leaders of the government d. Postwar History student activism, communism e. 20th Century- militant student activism and liberated rightists and leftist radicalism f. 70s Generation radical demonstration led by students g. 1980s mass based street protests 4) Church as a Reformer - The church is not just a religious institution but part and parcel of every element of the society - The responsibility in make the society more humane and more responsive is attached to its origin - As a religious duty, the church involves itself in any situations that affect the morals of its flock including the protection of their rights as human beings - They release pastoral letters condemning anomalies in the government - CBCP/EDSA I and II